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Mansour N, Mehanna S, Bodman-Smith K, Daher CF, Khnayzer RS. A Ru(II)-Strained Complex with 2,9-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Ligand Induces Selective Photoactivatable Chemotherapeutic Activity on Human Alveolar Carcinoma Cells via Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:50. [PMID: 38256884 PMCID: PMC10819265 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
[Ru(bipy)2(dpphen)]Cl2 (where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dpphen = 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (complex 1) is a sterically strained compound that exhibits promising in vitro photocytotoxicity on an array of cell lines. Since lung adenocarcinoma cancer remains the most common lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths, the current study aims to evaluate the plausible effect and uptake of complex 1 on human alveolar carcinoma cells (A549) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and assess its cytotoxicity in vitro while considering its effect on cell morphology, membrane integrity and DNA damage. MSC and A549 cells showed similar rates of complex 1 uptake with a plateau at 12 h. Upon photoactivation, complex 1 exhibited selective, potent anticancer activity against A549 cells with phototoxicity index (PI) values of 16, 25 and 39 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in A549-cell rounding and detachment, loss of membrane integrity and DNA damage. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that A549 cells undergo apoptosis when treated with complex 1 followed by photoactivation. In conclusion, this present study suggests that complex 1 might be a promising candidate for photochemotherapy with photoproducts that possess selective anticancer effects in vitro. These results are encouraging to probe the potential activity of this complex in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Mansour
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Kikki Bodman-Smith
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Costantine F. Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
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2
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Travassos IO, Mello-Andrade F, Caldeira RP, Pires WC, da Silva PFF, Correa RS, Teixeira T, Martins-Oliveira A, Batista AA, de Silveira-Lacerda EP. Ruthenium (II)/allopurinol complex inhibits breast cancer progression via multiple targets. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:385-401. [PMID: 33837856 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on ruthenium have established excellent activity with less toxicity and great selectivity for tumor cells. This study aims to assess the anticancer potential of ruthenium(II)/allopurinol complexes called [RuCl2(allo)2(PPh3)2] (1) and [RuCl2(allo)2(dppb)] (2), where allo means allopurinol, PPh3 is triphenylphosphine and dppb, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, molar conductance measurements, as well as the X-ray crystallographic analysis of complex 2. The antitumor effects of compounds were determined by cytotoxic activity and cellular and molecular responses to cell death mechanisms. Complex 2 showed good antitumor profile prospects because in addition to its cytotoxicity, it causes cell cycle arrest, induction of DNA damage, morphological and biochemical alterations in the cells. Moreover, complex 2 induces cell death by p53-mediated apoptosis, caspase activation, increased Beclin-1 levels and decreased ROS levels. Therefore, complex 2 can be considered a suitable compound in antitumor treatment due to its cytotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid O Travassos
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74055-110, Brazil
| | - Raíssa P Caldeira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Wanessa C Pires
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paula F F da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Correa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto-UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto-UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Elisângela P de Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular E Citogenética Humana, sala 213, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Cx Postal: 131, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74690-900, Brazil.
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3
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Faria RS, Silva HD, Mello-Andrade F, Pires WC, de Castro Pereira F, de Lima AP, de Fátima Oliveira Santos S, Teixeira TM, da Silva PFF, Naves PLF, Batista AA, da Silva Oliveira RJ, Reis RM, de Paula Silveira-Lacerda E. Ruthenium(II)/Benzonitrile Complex Induces Cytotoxic Effect in Sarcoma-180 Cells by Caspase-Mediated and Tp53/p21-Mediated Apoptosis, with Moderate Brine Shrimp Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:669-680. [PMID: 32266641 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)/benzonitrile complexes have demonstrated promising anticancer properties. Considering that there are no specific therapies for treating sarcoma, we decided to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and lethal effects of cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 (BzCN = benzonitrile; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppb = 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane), as well as the mechanism of cell death induction that occurs against murine sarcoma-180 tumor. Thus, MTT assay was applied to assess the ruthenium cytotoxicity, showing that the compound is a more potent inhibitor for the sarcoma-180 tumor cell viability than normal cells (lymphocytes). The comet assay indicated low genotoxic for normal cells. cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 also showed moderate lethality in Artemia salina. The complex induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in sarcoma-180 cells. In addition, the complex caused S180 cells to die by apoptosis by an increase in Annexin-V-positive cells and morphological changes typical of apoptotic cells. Additionally, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 increased the gene expression of Bax, Casp3, and Tp53 in S180 cells. By using a western blot, we observed an increased protein level of TNF-R2, Bax, and p21. In conclusion, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 is active and selective for sarcoma-180 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and cell death through a caspases-mediated and Tp53/p21-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos Faria
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Delleon Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
- Uni-Anhanguera University Center of Goias, Goiania, Goiás, 74423-115, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, 74055-110, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Aliny Pereira de Lima
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Brazil Institute (FIBRA), Anapolis, Goiás, 75133-050, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Fátima Oliveira Santos
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Thallita Monteiro Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal 131, Goiania, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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4
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Guedes APM, Mello-Andrade F, Pires WC, de Sousa MAM, da Silva PFF, de Camargo MS, Gemeiner H, Amauri MA, Gomes Cardoso C, de Melo Reis PR, Silveira-Lacerda EDP, Batista AA. Heterobimetallic Ru(ii)/Fe(ii) complexes as potent anticancer agents against breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis through multiple targets. Metallomics 2020; 12:547-561. [PMID: 32108850 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimetastatic activity, high selectivity and cytotoxicity for human tumor cell lines make ruthenium(ii) complexes attractive for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, cytotoxic activities and the possible mechanism of cell death induced by three ruthenium complexes were evaluated, [Ru(MIm)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (1), [RuCl(Im)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (2) and [Ru(tzdt)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (3). The results showed high cytotoxicity and selectivity indexes for the human triple-negative breast tumor cell line (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 value and selectivity index for complex 1 (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.03 μM, SI = 4.48), complex 2 (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.06 μM, SI = 2.31) and complex 3 (IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.02 μM, SI = 3.87). The mechanism of cell death induced in MDA-MB-231 cells, after treatment with complexes 1-3, indicated apoptosis of the cells as a consequence of the increase in the percentage of cells in the Sub-G1 phase in the cell cycle analysis, characteristic morphological changes and the presence of apoptotic cells labeled with Annexin-V. Multiple targets of action were identified for complexes 1 and 3 with an induction of DNA damage in cells treated with complexes 1 and 3, mitochondrial depolarization with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in reactive oxygen species levels and increased expression levels of caspase 3 and p53. In addition, antimetastatic activities for complexes 1 and 3 were observed by inhibition of cell migration by the wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis caused by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in the CAM model.
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5
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Copper(II) complexes with pyridoxal dithiocarbazate and thiosemicarbazone ligands: crystal structure, spectroscopic analysis and cytotoxic activity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of aquation reactions in [RuL2(mac)]q+ complexes: [mac = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) or 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen); and L = Cl−, OH−, OH2]. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Mello-Andrade F, Cardoso CG, Silva CRE, Chen-Chen L, Melo-Reis PRD, Lima APD, Oliveira R, Ferraz IBM, Grisolia CK, Almeida MAP, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Acute toxic effects of ruthenium (II)/amino acid/diphosphine complexes on Swiss mice and zebrafish embryos. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1082-1092. [PMID: 30257320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer potential of ruthenium complexes has been widely investigated, but safety evaluation studies are still scarce. Despite of ruthenium-based anticancer agents are known to cause fewer side effects compared to other metal-based drugs, these compounds are not fully free of toxicity, causing mainly nephrotoxicity. Based on the promising results from antitumor activity of the complexes [Ru(L-Met)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (RuMet) and [Ru(L-Trp)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (RuTrp), for the first time we investigated the toxicity profile of these complexes in rodent and zebrafish models. The acute oral toxicity was evaluated in Swiss mice. The mutagenic and genotoxic potential was determined by a combination of Micronucleus (MN) and Comet assay protocols, after exposure of Swiss mice to RuMet and RuTrp in therapeutic doses. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to these complexes, and their development observed up to 96 h post-fertilization. RuMet and RuTrp complexes showed low acute oral toxicity. Recorded behavioral changes were not recorded, nor were macroscopic morphological changes or structural modifications in the liver and kidneys. These complexes did not cause genetic toxicity, presenting a lack of micronuclei formation and low DNA damage induction in the cells from Swiss mice. In contradiction, cisplatin treatment exhibited high mutagenicity and genotoxicity. RuMet and RuTrp showed low toxicity in the embryo development of zebrafish. The RuMet and RuTrp complexes demonstrated low toxicity in the two study models, an interesting property in preclinical studies for novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Cléver Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ribeiro E Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO,74690-900, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO,74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis
- Laboratory of Experimental and Biotechnological Research, Master's Program in Environmental Sciences and Health of School of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical, Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-010, Brazil
| | - Aliny Pereira de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Irvin Bryan Machado Ferraz
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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8
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Magalhães LF, Mello-Andrade F, Pires WC, Silva HD, da Silva PFF, Macedo LM, Henrique de Castro C, Carneiro CC, Cardoso CG, de Melo Reis PR, Camargo de Oliveira L, Caetano RR, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6 induces anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis by a mechanism of caspase-dependent involving DNA damage, PARP activation, and Tp53 induction in Ehrlich tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:101-113. [PMID: 28935426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimetastatic activities, low toxicity to normal cells and high selectivity for tumor cells make of the ruthenium complexes promising candidates in the search for develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic, genotoxic and to elucidate the signaling pathway involved in the death cell process induced by cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6(1) and cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6(2) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in vitro. Moreover, we report for the first time the anti-angiogenic potential on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy controls with an age range of 20-30 years and used to calculate the selectivity index (SI). The complex 2 (IC50 = 8.5 ± 0.4/SI = 6.3) showed high cytotoxic and selectivity index against EAC cells than complex 1 (IC50 = 14.9 ± 0.2/SI = 0.2) using the MTT assay. Complex 2 induced DNA damage on Ehrlich tumor cells at concentrations and time periods evalueted. In consequence, it was observed an increase of Tp53 gene expression, G0/G1-arrest cells, and increased levels of cleaved PARP protein. Beside that, the treatment of EAC with complex 2 led to an increase in Annexin V-positive cells and apoptosis induction by Caspase-7. Additionally, the complex 2 inhibited the angiogenesis caused by Ehrlich tumor cells in CAM model. This complex is active and selective for Ehrlich tumor cells, inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death by caspase-dependent apoptosis involving PARP activation (PARP1), and Tp53 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Félix Magalhães
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Hugo Delleon Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Matuda Macedo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phisiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phisiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Mutagenesis and Microorganisms Radiobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, SãoCarlos, SP CEP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO CEP 74001-970, Brazil.
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9
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Pires WC, Lima BAV, de Castro Pereira F, Lima AP, Mello-Andrade F, Silva HD, da Silva MM, Colina-Vegas L, Ellena J, Batista AA, de Paul Silveira-Lacerda E. Ru(II)/diphenylphosphine/pyridine-6-thiolate complexes induce S-180 cell apoptosis through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway involving inhibition of Bcl-2 and p53/Bax activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:199-217. [PMID: 28795366 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of three new Ru(II) complexes with a general formula [Ru(Spy)(bipy)(P-P)]PF6 [Spy = pyridine-6-thiolate; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; P-P = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane (1); 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine) propane (2); and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] (4). Complex (3) with the 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane ligand, already known from the literature, was also synthesized, to be better studied here. The cytotoxicities of the complexes toward two kinds of cancerous cells (K562 and S-180 cells) were evaluated and compared to normal cells (L-929 and PBMC) by MTT assay. The complex [Ru(Spy)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (3) was selected to study both the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its promising anticancer action in S-180 cells. The results obtained from this study indicated that complex (3) induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in S-180 cells associated with a decrease in the number of cells in S phase. After 24 and 48 h of exposure to complex (3), the cell viability decreased when compared to the negative control. Complex (3) does not appear to be involved in the DNA damage, but induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential in S-180 cells. Furthermore, there was also an increase in the gene expression of Bax, Caspase 9, and Tp53. According to our results, complex (3) induces cell apoptosis through p53/Bax-dependent intrinsic pathway and suppresses the expression of active antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Aliny Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Delleon Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Monize Martins da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Legna Colina-Vegas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 369, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Elisângela de Paul Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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10
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Singh AK, Saxena G, Arshad M. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of ruthenium flavanol complexes against breast cancer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 180:97-104. [PMID: 28282562 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four Ru(II) DMSO complexes (M1R-M4R) having substituted flavones viz. 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL1), 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL2), 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL3) and 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR spectroscopies and ESI-MS. The molecular structures of the complexes were investigated by integrated spectroscopic and computational techniques (DFT). Both ligands as well as their complexes were screened for anticancer activities against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. Cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. All ligands and their complexes exhibited significant cytotoxic potential of 5-40μM concentration at incubation period of 24h. The cell cytotoxicity increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. In this series of compounds, HL2 (IC50 17.2μM) and its complex M2R (IC50 16μM) induced the highest cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
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11
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Ramu V, Aute S, Taye N, Guha R, Walker MG, Mogare D, Parulekar A, Thomas JA, Chattopadhyay S, Das A. Photo-induced cytotoxicity and anti-metastatic activity of ruthenium(ii)–polypyridyl complexes functionalized with tyrosine or tryptophan. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6634-6644. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00670e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synergestic effect of oxygen, light, and photosensitizer has found application in photodyanmic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadde Ramu
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
- India
| | - Sunil Aute
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
- India
| | - Nandaraj Taye
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune
- India
| | - Rweetuparna Guha
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
- India
| | | | - Devaraj Mogare
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune
- India
| | - Apoorva Parulekar
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune
- India
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune
- India
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
| | - Amitava Das
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and marine Chemicals Research Institute
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12
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De Grandis RA, Resende FA, da Silva MM, Pavan FR, Batista AA, Varanda EA. In vitro evaluation of the cyto-genotoxic potential of Ruthenium(II) SCAR complexes: a promising class of antituberculosis agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 798-799:11-8. [PMID: 26994489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a top infectious disease killer worldwide, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increasing incidences of multiple drug-resistance (MDR) strains are emerging as one of the major public health threats. However, the drugs in use are still incapable of controlling the appalling upsurge of MDR. In recent years a marked number of research groups have devoted their attention toward the development of specific and cost-effective antimicrobial agents against targeted MDR-Tuberculosis. In previous studies, ruthenium(II) complexes (SCAR) have shown a promising activity against MDR-Tuberculosis although few studies have indeed considered ruthenium toxicity. Therefore, within the preclinical requirements, we have sought to determine the cyto-genotoxicity of three SCAR complexes in this present study. The treatment with the SCARs induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability in CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells. Based on the clonogenic survival, SCAR 5 was found to be more cytotoxic while SCAR 6 exhibited selectivity action on tumor cells. Although SCAR 4 and 5 did not indicate any mutagenic activity as evidenced by the Ames and Cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assays, the complex SCAR 6 was found to engender a frameshift mutation detected by Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of S9. Similarly, we observed a chromosomal damage in HepG2 cells with significant increases of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges. These data indicate that SCAR 4 and 5 complexes did not show genotoxicity in our models while SCAR 6 was considered mutagenic. This study presented a comprehensive genotoxic evaluation of SCAR complexes were shown to be genotoxic in vitro. All in all, further studies are required to fully elucidate how the properties can affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Centro Universitário de Araraquara, UNIARA, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Monize Martins da Silva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCAR, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCAR, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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A ruthenium(II) complex with the propionate ion: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of a ruthenium(II) tryptophan-associated complex and biological evaluation against Ehrlich murine breast carcinoma. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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The ruthenium complexes cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride and cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate overcome resistance inducing apoptosis on human lung carcinoma cells (A549). Biometals 2014; 27:459-69. [PMID: 24781824 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and non-small cell lung carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-85 % of all lung cancers. In the present work, we studied the antitumor activity of the compound cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride {cis-[RuCl2(NH3)4]Cl} against human lung carcinoma tumor cell line A549. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of MDR1 and CYP450 genes in human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 treated with cisCarboPt, cisCRu(III) and cisDRu(III). The ruthenium-based coordinated complexes presented low cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities, with high IC50 values, 196 (±15.49), 472 (±20.29) and 175 (±1.41) for cisCarboPt, cisCRu(III) and cisDRu(III), respectively. The tested compounds induced apoptosis in A549 tumor cells as evidenced by caspase 3 activation, but only at high concentrations. Results also revealed that the amplification of P-gp gene is greater in A549 cells exposed to cisCarboPt and cisCRu(III) than cisDRu(III). Taken together all these results strongly demonstrate that MDR-1 over-expression in A549 cells could be associated to a MDR phenotype of these cells and moreover, it is also contributing to the platinum, and structurally-related compound, resistance in these cells. The identification and characterization of novel mechanisms of drug resistance will enable the development of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that increase cancer sensitivity and/or represent more effective chemotherapeutic agents.
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16
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de Lima AP, Pereira FDC, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Soares JR, Pereira LCG, Porto HKP, Pavanin LA, Dos Santos WB, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by ruthenium complex cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride in human lung carcinoma cells A549. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:8-15. [PMID: 22144016 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 75-85% of all lung cancers. In the present work, we studied the cytotoxic activity, cell cycle arrest and induction apoptosis of the compound cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride {cis-[RuCl(2)(NH(3))(4)]Cl} in human lung carcinoma tumor cell line A549. The results of MTT and trypan blue assays showed that cis-[RuCl(2)(NH(3))(4)]Cl causes reduction in the viability of A549 cells when treating with 95 and 383 μM of the compound for 48 and 72 h. Lower concentrations of the compound (19, 3.8 and 0.38 μM), however, only slightly affected cell viability. The IC(50) value for the compound was about 383 μM. Survival analysis of the A549 cells after treatment with ruthenium(III) compound using long term clonogenic assay showed that it reduced colony formation ability at concentrations of 0.38 and 3.8 μM, and at concentrations of 95 and 383 μM no colonies were observed. Cell cycle analysis showed that compound ruthenium led to an accumulation of A549 cells in S phase and increased in the sub-G1 peak. In addition, cis-(dichloro)tetramineruthenium(III) chloride treatment induced apoptosis, as observed by the increased numbers of annexin V-positive cells and increased messenger RNA expression of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliny Pereira de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas-ICB I- Sala 200- UFG, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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