1
|
Xu S, Hao K, Xiong Y, Xu R, Huang H, Wang H. Capsaicin alleviates neuronal apoptosis and schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities induced by early life stress. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:77. [PMID: 37935716 PMCID: PMC10630396 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the later development of schizophrenia. In the rodent model, the maternal separation (MS) stress may induce neuronal apoptosis and schizophrenia-like behavior. Although the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CAP) has been reported to reduce apoptosis in the central nervous system, its effect in MS models is unclear. Twenty-four hours of MS of Wistar rat pups on postnatal day (PND9) was used as an ELS. Male rats in the adult stage were the subjects of the study. CAP (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal injection pretreatment was undertaken before behavioral tests for 1 week and continued during the tests. Behavioral tests included open field, novel object recognition, Barnes maze test, and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test. MS rats showed behavioral deficits and cognitive impairments mimicking symptoms of schizophrenia compared with controls. MS decreased the expression of TRPV1 in the frontal association cortex (FrA) and in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions compared with the control group resulting in the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, Caspase3, Cleaved-Caspase3) and the decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). The number of NeuN++TUNEL+ cells increased in the MS group in the FrA, CA1, CA3, and DG compared with the control group. Neuronal and behavioral impairments of MS were reversed by treatment with CAP. Exposure to ELS may lead to increased neuronal apoptosis and impaired cognitive function with decreased TRPV1 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adulthood. Sustained low-dose administration of CAP improved neuronal apoptosis and cognitive function. Our results provide evidence for future clinical trials of chili peppers or CAP as dietary supplements for the reversal treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waqas M, Ahmed D, Qamar MT. Surfactant-mediated extraction of capsaicin from Capsicum annuum L. fruit in various solvents. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10273. [PMID: 36033307 PMCID: PMC9403339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a valuable compound found in Capsicum annuum. The present study aimed to explore the efficiency of different solvents and surfactants on its extraction by maceration. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent followed by dichloromethane and acetone, respectively. Overall order of efficiency of the solvents used was this: ethyl acetate > dichloromethane > acetone > glycerol > acetonitrile > methanol > acetic acid > toluene. Extractability of ethyl acetate for capsaicin remained unaffected by the surfactants. Tween-80 had very positive effect on the extraction efficiency of dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone. Kinetics of the extraction with the most efficient solvent ethyl acetate showed extraction of capsaicin to follow a pseudo-second order kinetic model. In conclusion, for extraction of capsaicin from green chili, ethyl acetate was the most powerful amongst the solvents used in the present work and tween-80 had a notable positive effect on the efficiency of DCM and acetone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lichlyter DA, Krumm ZA, Golde TA, Doré S. Role of CRF and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in stroke: revisiting temporal considerations and targeting a new generation of therapeutics. FEBS J 2022; 290:1986-2010. [PMID: 35108458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic neurovascular stroke represents a leading cause of death in the developed world. Preclinical and human epidemiological evidence implicates the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides as mediators of acute neurovascular injury pathology. Preclinical investigations of the role of CRF, CRF receptors and CRF-dependent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have pointed toward a tissue-specific and temporal relationship between activation of these pathways and physiological outcomes. Based on the literature, the major phases of ischaemic stroke aetiology may be separated into an acute phase in which CRF and anti-inflammatory stress signalling are beneficial and a chronic phase in which these contribute to neural degeneration, toxicity and apoptotic signalling. Significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding the pathway, temporality and systemic impact of CRF signalling and stress biology in neurovascular injury progression. Heterogeneity among experimental designs poses a challenge to defining the apparent reciprocal relationship between neurological injury and stress metabolism. Despite these challenges, it is our opinion that the elucidated temporality may be best matched with an antibody against CRF with a half-life of days to weeks as opposed to minutes to hours as with small-molecule CRF receptor antagonists. This state-of-the-art review will take a multipronged approach to explore the expected potential benefit of a CRF antibody by modulating CRF and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 signalling, glucocorticoids and autonomic nervous system activity. Additionally, this review compares the modulation of CRF and HPA axis activity in neuropsychiatric diseases and their counterpart outcomes post-stroke and assess lessons learned from antibody therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lichlyter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary A Krumm
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iglesias LP, Aguiar DC, Moreira FA. TRPV1 blockers as potential new treatments for psychiatric disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:2-14. [PMID: 33136616 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel (TRPV1) is responsible for decoding physical and chemical stimuli. TRPV1 is activated by capsaicin (a compound from chili peppers), heat (above 43°C) and acid environment, playing a major role in pain, inflammation and body temperature. Molecular and histological studies have suggested TRPV1 expression in specific brain regions, where it can be activated primarily by the endocannabinoid anandamide, fostering studies on its potential role in psychiatric disorders. TRPV1 blockers are effective in various animal models predictive of anxiolytic and antipanic activities, in addition to reducing conditioned fear. In models of antidepressant activity, these compounds reduce behavioral despair and promote active stress-coping behavior. TRPV1 blockers also reduce the effects of certain drugs of abuse and revert behavioral changes in animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders. The main limiting factor in developing TRPV1 blockers as therapeutic agents concerns their effects on body temperature, particularly hyperthermia. New compounds, which block specific states of the channel, could represent an alternative. Moreover, compounds blocking both TRPV1 and the anandamide-hydrolyzing enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), termed dual TRPV1/FAAH blockers, have been investigated with promising results. Overall, preclinical studies yield favorable results with TRPV1 blockers in animal models of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Neuroscience
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gera, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giuriato G, Venturelli M, Matias A, Soares EMKVK, Gaetgens J, Frederick KA, Ives SJ. Capsaicin and Its Effect on Exercise Performance, Fatigue and Inflammation after Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:232. [PMID: 35057413 PMCID: PMC8778706 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on sensory neurons, improving ATP production, vascular function, fatigue resistance, and thus exercise performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CAP-induced ergogenic effects and fatigue-resistance, remain elusive. To evaluate the potential anti-fatigue effects of CAP, 10 young healthy males performed constant-load cycling exercise time to exhaustion (TTE) trials (85% maximal work rate) after ingestion of placebo (PL; fiber) or CAP capsules in a blinded, counterbalanced, crossover design, while cardiorespiratory responses were monitored. Fatigue was assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, pre-post exercise, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in cardiorespiratory responses and self-reported fatigue (RPE scale) during the time trial or in TTE (375 ± 26 and 327 ± 36 s, respectively). CAP attenuated the reduction in potentiated twitch (PL: -52 ± 6 vs. CAP: -42 ± 11%, p = 0.037), and tended to attenuate the decline in maximal relaxation rate (PL: -47 ± 33 vs. CAP: -29 ± 68%, p = 0.057), but not maximal rate of force development, MVC, or voluntary muscle activation. Thus, CAP might attenuate neuromuscular fatigue through alterations in afferent signaling or neuromuscular relaxation kinetics, perhaps mediated via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pumps, thereby increasing the rate of Ca2+ reuptake and relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alexs Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
- Study Group on Exercise and Physical Activity Physiology and Epidemiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia—UnB, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gaetgens
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Kimberley A. Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de la Rosa-Lugo V, Déciga-Campos M, Ríos MY, Navarrete-Herrera DS, López-Muñoz FJ. Affinin and hexahydroaffinin: Chemistry and toxicological profile. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:969-977. [PMID: 33034908 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to determine the safety parameters of two new alkamides, affinin and hexahydroaffinin, with antinociceptive activity. To predict the preliminary acute toxicity, we used the acute and subchronic toxicity (50 mg/kg, orally [po]) in Swiss Webster mice. Genotoxicity assayed via analysis of cell micronuclei of the femoral bone marrow in mice; at the same time, metabolic parameters determined from peripheral blood samples. Furthermore, to discard the neuropharmacological effects, we assessed the ambulatory activity in mice to determine the possible effects in the central nervous system. Finally, we used capsaicin as a positive control of alkamides. According to our results, hexahydroaffinin (LD50 ≥ 5,000 mg/kg, po) is significantly less noxious than affinin (LD50 = 1,442.2 mg/kg, po) or capsaicin (LD50 = 489.9 mg/kg, po). In subchronic administration, we did not observe any changes in hematological or biochemical parameters in any compound analyzed from peripheral blood samples. Finally, the data from the genotoxicity assay showed micronuclei formation in 28%, 5%, and 3% of mice in the capsaicin, affinin, and hexahydroaffinin groups, respectively. With the results obtained in the present investigation, we suggest that affinin and hexahydroaffinin are not only useful candidates for possible new drugs but also safe compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vianey de la Rosa-Lugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Yolanda Ríos
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Javier López-Muñoz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li R, Lan Y, Chen C, Cao Y, Huang Q, Ho CT, Lu M. Anti-obesity effects of capsaicin and the underlying mechanisms: a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:7356-7370. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of capsaicin in cell models, rodent models and human subjects were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Nedelkov K, Oh J, Harper M, Wall E, Felix T, Hristov A. Effect of a blend of artificial sweetener and capsicum on productive performance and blood chemistry in growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Pourrahimi AM, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Kooshki R, Raoof M. Intra-periaqueductal gray matter administration of orexin-A exaggerates pulpitis-induced anxiogenic responses and c-fos expression mainly through the interaction with orexin 1 and cannabinoid 1 receptors in rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:25-33. [PMID: 30587409 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Different types of trigeminal pains are frequently associated with psychophysiological concerns. Orexin-A and orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) are involved in modulation of both trigeminal pain and anxiety responses. Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG), a controlling site for nociception and emotion, receives orexinergic inputs. Here, the role of vlPAG OX1Rs and their interaction with cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor was evaluated in anxiety-like behavior following capsaicin-induced dental pulp pain. Rats were cannulated in the vlPAG and orexin-A was injected at the doses of 0.17, 0.35 and 0.51 μg/rat prior to the induction of pain. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used for assessing the anxiety responses. In addition, the induction of c-fos, in the vlPAG, was investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. Capsaicin-treated rats displayed significantly higher anxiogenic behavior on EPM and OF tests. Pretreatment with orexin-A (0.51 μg/rat) attenuated capsaicin-mediated nociception, while exaggerated anxiogenic responses (p < 0.05). In addition, orexin-A effects were diminished by the administration of OX1R (SB-334867, 12 μg/rat) and cannabinoid 1 (AM251, 4 μg/rat) receptor antagonists. Intradental capsaicin induced a significant increase in c-fos expression in the vlPAG that was exaggerated by orexin-A (0.51 μg/rat). Blockage of OX1R and CB1 receptors attenuated the effect of orexin-A on c-fos expression in capsaicin-treated rats. In conclusion, the data suggest that manipulation of OX1R and CB1 receptors in the vlPAG alters capsaicin-evoked anxiety like behaviors and c-fos induction in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Raoof
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Capsaicin produces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test and enhances the response of a sub-effective dose of amitriptyline in rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 195:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Oh J, Harper M, Giallongo F, Bravo DM, Wall EH, Hristov AN. Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on immune responses in dairy cows intravenously challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1902-1913. [PMID: 28109601 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin (RPC) on productivity and immune responses including feed intake, milk yield and composition, white and red blood cells, lipid peroxidation, and blood concentration of cortisol, haptoglobin, glucose, and insulin in lactating dairy cows experimentally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experiment was a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 9 multiparous Holstein cows in three 28-d periods. Treatments were 0 (control), 100, and 200 mg of RPC/cow per day, mixed with small portions of the total mixed ration and top-dressed. Bacterial LPS was intravenously administered at 1.0 μg/kg of body weight in the last week of each experimental period, and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after administration. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and white blood cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were decreased, and rectal temperature, hemoglobin, and serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin were increased by LPS. Red blood cells, platelets, and plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not affected by LPS. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition in the 5 d post-LPS challenge were not affected by RPC. Rectal temperature, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets were also not affected by RPC. Compared with the control, RPC tended to decrease cortisol at 2 h following LPS challenge and decreased haptoglobin concentration in serum across sampling points. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma was decreased by RPC at 24 h post-LPS challenge. Glucose and insulin were not affected by RPC, but serum insulin concentration at 8 h was lowered by RPC compared to the control. Collectively, RPC had no or subtle effects on feed intake, milk yield and composition, rectal temperature, white and red blood cells, and serum glucose and insulin concentration in dairy cows challenged by LPS. However, RPC tended to decrease cortisol and decreased concentrations of haptoglobin and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in blood following LPS challenge. Data suggest that dietary supplementation of RPC may modulate acute phase responses induced by bacterial infection in lactating dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Harper
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - F Giallongo
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D M Bravo
- Pancosma S.A., CH-1218, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E H Wall
- Pancosma S.A., CH-1218, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu M, Cao Y, Ho CT, Huang Q. Development of Organogel-Derived Capsaicin Nanoemulsion with Improved Bioaccessibility and Reduced Gastric Mucosa Irritation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4735-4741. [PMID: 27170269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is the major active component in chili peppers with health-promoting benefits. However, the low bioavailability and irritating quality of CAP greatly limit its applications in functional foods. The objective of this study was to develop a food-grade nanoemulsion to increase the dissolution and bioaccessibility of CAP and to alleviate its irritating effects. To achieve this goal, CAP was first dissolved in medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT), followed by the addition of sucrose stearate S-370 as organogelator to develop CAP-loaded organogel. The oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion was formed using organogel as the oil phase and Tween 80 as the emulsifier. After ultrasonication treatment, droplet sizes of emulsion were decreased to 168 nm with enhanced dissolution rate and bioaccessibility. In vivo study further confirmed the reduced rat gastric mucosa irritation caused by CAP. The organogel-derived nanoemulsion was proved to be an effective delivery system for CAP-based functional food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Lu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi YJ, Kim JY, Jin WP, Kim YT, Lee JH, Jahng JW. Anxiolytic efficacy of repeated oral capsaicin in rats with partial aberration of oral sensory relay to brain. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:989-97. [PMID: 25874812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine if taste over load with oral capsaicin improves the adverse behavioural effects induced by partial aberration of oral sensory relays to brain with bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. DESIGN Male Sprague-Dawley rats received daily 1 ml of 0.02% capsaicin or water drop by drop into the oral cavity following the bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. Rats were subjected to ambulatory activity, elevated plus maze and forced swim tests after 11th, 14th and 17th daily administration of capsaicin or water, respectively. The basal and stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels were examined after the end of behavioural tests. RESULTS Ambulatory counts, distance travelled, centre zone activities and rearing were increased, and rostral grooming decreased, during the activity test in capsaicin treated rats. Behavioural scores of capsaicin rats during elevated plus maze test did not differ from control rats. Immobility during the swim test was decreased in capsaicin rats with near significance (P = 0.0547). Repeated oral capsaicin increased both the basal level and stress-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone in rats with bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves. DISCUSSION It is concluded that repeated oral administration of capsaicin reduces anxiety-like behaviours in rats that received bilateral transections of the lingual and chorda tympani nerves, and that the increased corticosterone response, possibly modulating the hippocampal neural plasticity, may be implicated in the anxiolytic efficacy of oral capsaicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Peng Jin
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Tae Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Program in Craniofacial Structure and Functional Biology, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pereira EFR, Aracava Y, DeTolla LJ, Beecham EJ, Basinger GW, Wakayama EJ, Albuquerque EX. Animal models that best reproduce the clinical manifestations of human intoxication with organophosphorus compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:313-21. [PMID: 24907067 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The translational capacity of data generated in preclinical toxicological studies is contingent upon several factors, including the appropriateness of the animal model. The primary objectives of this article are: 1) to analyze the natural history of acute and delayed signs and symptoms that develop following an acute exposure of humans to organophosphorus (OP) compounds, with an emphasis on nerve agents; 2) to identify animal models of the clinical manifestations of human exposure to OPs; and 3) to review the mechanisms that contribute to the immediate and delayed OP neurotoxicity. As discussed in this study, clinical manifestations of an acute exposure of humans to OP compounds can be faithfully reproduced in rodents and nonhuman primates. These manifestations include an acute cholinergic crisis in addition to signs of neurotoxicity that develop long after the OP exposure, particularly chronic neurologic deficits consisting of anxiety-related behavior and cognitive deficits, structural brain damage, and increased slow electroencephalographic frequencies. Because guinea pigs and nonhuman primates, like humans, have low levels of circulating carboxylesterases-the enzymes that metabolize and inactivate OP compounds-they stand out as appropriate animal models for studies of OP intoxication. These are critical points for the development of safe and effective therapeutic interventions against OP poisoning because approval of such therapies by the Food and Drug Administration is likely to rely on the Animal Efficacy Rule, which allows exclusive use of animal data as evidence of the effectiveness of a drug against pathologic conditions that cannot be ethically or feasibly tested in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F R Pereira
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - Yasco Aracava
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - Louis J DeTolla
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - E Jeffrey Beecham
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - G William Basinger
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - Edgar J Wakayama
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| | - Edson X Albuquerque
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (E.F.R.P., Y.A., E.X.A.), and Program of Comparative Medicine and Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Public Health (L.J.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Countervail Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina (E.J.B., G.W.B.); and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (E.J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|