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Wang T, Chen Q, Liang Q, Zhao Q, Lu X, Tian J, Guan Z, Liu C, Li J, Zhou M, Tian J, Liang C. Bacillus suppresses nitrogen efficiency of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis through regulation of nitrogen-related transcriptional and microbial patterns. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38963088 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of legume-rhizobia symbiosis by microorganisms has obtained considerable interest in recent research, particularly in the common rhizobacteria Bacillus. However, few studies have provided detailed explanations regarding the regulatory mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of Bacillus (Bac.B) on Bradyrhizobium-soybean (Glycine max) symbiosis and elucidated the underlying ecological mechanisms. We found that two Bradyrhizobium strains (i.e. Bra.Q2 and Bra.D) isolated from nodules significantly promoted nitrogen (N) efficiency of soybean via facilitating nodule formation, thereby enhanced plant growth and yield. However, the intrusion of Bac.B caused a reverse shift in the synergistic efficiency of N2 fixation in the soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. Biofilm formation and naringenin may be importantin suppression of Bra.Q2 growth regulated by Bac.B. In addition, transcriptome and microbiome analyses revealed that Bra.Q2 and Bac.B might interact to regulateN transport and assimilation, thus influence the bacterial composition related to plant N nutrition in nodules. Also, the metabolisms of secondary metabolites and hormones associated with plant-microbe interaction and growth regulation were modulated by Bra.Q2 and Bac.B coinoculation. Collectively, we demonstrate that Bacillus negatively affects Bradyrhizobium-soybean symbiosis and modulate microbial interactions in the nodule. Our findings highlight a novel Bacillus-based regulation to improve N efficiency and sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zidi Guan
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jifu Li
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ali R, Chaluvadi SR, Wang X, Hazzouri KM, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Rafi M, Al-Nuaimi M, Sasi S, Antepenko E, Bennetzen JL, Amiri KMA. Microbiome properties in the root nodules of Prosopis cineraria, a leguminous desert tree. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361723. [PMID: 38624222 PMCID: PMC11237379 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03617-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the total microbiome and transcriptionally active microbiome communities in the roots and root nodules of Prosopis cineraria, an important leguminous tree in arid regions of many Asian countries. Mature P. cineraria trees growing in the desert did not exhibit any detected root nodules. However, we observed root nodules on the roots of P. cineraria growing on a desert farm and on young plants growing in a growth chamber, when inoculated with rhizosphere soil, including with rhizosphere soil from near desert tree roots that had no nodules. Compared to nearby soil, non-nodulated roots were enriched with Actinobacteria (e.g., Actinophytocola sp.), whereas root nodules sampled from the desert farm and growth chamber had abundant Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Ensifer sp.). These nodules yielded many microbes in addition to such nitrogen-fixing bacteria as Ensifer and Sinorhizobium species. Significant differences exist in the composition and abundance of microbial isolates between the nodule surface and the nodule endosphere. Shotgun metagenome analysis of nodule endospheres revealed that the root nodules comprised over 90% bacterial DNA, whereas metatranscriptome analysis showed that the plant produces vastly more transcripts than the microbes in these nodules. Control inoculations demonstrated that four out of six Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, or Ensifer isolates purified from P. cineraria nodules produced nodules in the roots of P. cineraria seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The best nodulation was achieved when seedlings were inoculated with a mixture of those bacterial strains. Though root nodulation could be achieved under water stress conditions, nodule number and nodule biomass increased with copious water availability. .IMPORTANCEMicrobial communities were investigated in roots and root nodules of Prosopis cineraria, a leguminous tree species in arid Asian regions that is responsible for exceptionally important contributions to soil fertility in these dramatically dry locations. Soil removed from regions near nodule-free roots on these mature plants contained an abundance of bacteria with the genetic ability to generate nodules and fix nitrogen but did not normally nodulate in their native rhizosphere environment, suggesting a very different co-evolved relationship than that observed for herbaceous legumes. The relative over-expression of the low-gene-density plant DNA compared to the bacterial DNA in the nodules was also unexpected, indicating a very powerful induction of host genetic contributions within the nodule. Finally, the water dependence of nodulation in inoculated seedlings suggested a possible link between early seedling growth (before a deep root system can be developed) and the early development of nitrogen-fixing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ali
- Mitrix Bio., Inc., Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Mohammed Rafi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Mariam Al-Nuaimi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Shina Sasi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Eric Antepenko
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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Li L, Wang J, Liu D, Li L, Zhen J, Lei G, Wang B, Yang W. The antagonistic potential of peanut endophytic bacteria against Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:361-370. [PMID: 36574205 PMCID: PMC9944171 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is the most common disease of peanut worldwide and has become increasingly serious in recent years. This study is aimed at obtaining peanut endophytic bacteria with high antagonistic/protective effects against peanut stem rot. In total, 45 bacterial strains were isolated from healthy peanut plants from a severely impacted area. Of these, 6 exhibited antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii, including F-1 and R-11 with the most robust activity with an inhibition zone width of 20.25 and 15.49 mm, respectively. These two were identified as Bacillus sp. and Burkholderia sp., respectively, based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the Burkholderia sp. antagonistic effect on S. rolfsii as a biological control agent for peanut stem rot. Their culture filtrates potently inhibited the hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, and germination of S. rolfsii. Also, the strain-produced volatile compounds inhibited the fungal growth. Pot experiments showed that F-1 and R-11 significantly reduced the peanut stem rot disease with the efficacy of 77.13 and 64.78%, respectively, which was significantly higher compared with carbendazim medicament (35.22%; P < 0.05). Meanwhile, F-1 and R-11 improved the activity of plant defense enzymes such as phenylalaninase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) enhancing the systemic resistance of the peanut plants. This study demonstrated that Bacillus sp. F-1 and Burkholderia sp. R-11, with a strong antagonistic effect on S. rolfsii, can be potential biocontrol agents for peanut stem rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Dehai Liu
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jing Zhen
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Gao Lei
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Baitao Wang
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Wenling Yang
- Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Korangi Alleluya V, Argüelles Arias A, Ribeiro B, De Coninck B, Helmus C, Delaplace P, Ongena M. Bacillus lipopeptide-mediated biocontrol of peanut stem rot caused by Athelia rolfsii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1069971. [PMID: 36890892 PMCID: PMC9986434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1069971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widespread oilseed crop of high agricultural importance in tropical and subtropical areas. It plays a major role in the food supply in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, one major constraint in the production of this plant is the stem rot (white mold or southern blight) disease caused by Athelia rolfsii which is so far controlled mainly using chemicals. Considering the harmful effect of chemical pesticides, the implementation of eco-friendly alternatives such as biological control is required for disease management in a more sustainable agriculture in the DRC as in the other developing countries concerned. Bacillus velezensis is among the rhizobacteria best described for its plant protective effect notably due to the production of a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the potential of B. velezensis strain GA1 at reducing A. rolfsii infection and to unravel the molecular basis of the protective effect. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Upon growth under the nutritional conditions dictated by peanut root exudation, the bacterium efficiently produces the three types of lipopeptides surfactin, iturin and fengycin known for their antagonistic activities against a wide range of fungal phytopathogens. By testing a range of GA1 mutants specifically repressed in the production of those metabolites, we point out an important role for iturin and another unidentified compound in the antagonistic activity against the pathogen. Biocontrol experiments performed in greenhouse further revealed the efficacy of B. velezensis to reduce peanut disease caused by A. rolfsii both via direct antagonism against the fungus and by stimulating systemic resistance in the host plant. As treatment with pure surfactin yielded a similar level of protection, we postulate that this lipopeptide acts as main elicitor of peanut resistance against A. rolfsii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Korangi Alleluya
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
- Chemical and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Anthony Argüelles Arias
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bianca Ribeiro
- Division of Plant Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Division of Plant Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Helmus
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
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Jia S, Song C, Dong H, Yang X, Li X, Ji M, Chu J. Evaluation of efficacy and mechanism of Bacillus velezensis CB13 for controlling peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111965. [PMID: 36876084 PMCID: PMC9978184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, considerably affects crop productivity. Application of chemical fungicides harms the environment and induces drug resistance. Biological agents are valid and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides. Bacillus spp. are important biocontrol agents that are now widely used against several plant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of a potential biocontrol agent Bacillus sp. for controlling peanut stem rot caused by S. rolfsii. Here, we isolated a strain of Bacillus from pig biogas slurry that considerably inhibits the radial growth of S. rolfsii. The strain CB13 was identified as Bacillus velezensis on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rDNA and gyrA, gyrB, and rpoB gene sequences. The biocontrol efficacy of CB13 was evaluated on the basis of colonization ability, induction of defense enzyme activity, and soil microbial diversity. The control efficiencies of B. velezensis CB13-impregnated seeds in four pot experiments were 65.44, 73.33, 85.13, and 94.92%. Root colonization was confirmed through green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagging experiments. The CB13-GFP strain was detected in peanut root and rhizosphere soil, at 104 and 108 CFU/g, respectively, after 50 days. Furthermore, B. velezensis CB13 enhanced the defense response against S. rolfsii infection by inducing defense enzyme activity. MiSeq sequencing revealed a shift in the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in peanuts treated with B. velezensis CB13. Specifically, the treatment enhanced disease resistance by increasing the diversity of soil bacterial communities in peanut roots, increasing the abundance of beneficial communities, and promoting soil fertility. Additionally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that B. velezensis CB13 stably colonized or increased the content of Bacillus spp. in the soil and effectively inhibited S. rolfsii proliferation in soil. These findings indicate that B. velezensis CB13 is a promising agent for the biocontrol of peanut stem rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Ce Song
- Sericultural Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Hai Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xujie Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshan Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Kaschuk G, Auler AC, Vieira CE, Dakora FD, Jaiswal SK, da Cruz SP. Coinoculation impact on plant growth promotion: a review and meta-analysis on coinoculation of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting bacilli in grain legumes. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2027-2037. [PMID: 35896777 PMCID: PMC9679103 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobia and plant growth-promoting Bacillus on legume seeds can increase crop productivity. We collected highly resolved data on coinoculation of rhizobia and bacilli on 11 grain legume crops: chickpea, common bean, cowpea, faba bean, groundnut, lentil, mung bean, pea, pigeon pea, soybean, and urad bean to verify the magnitude of additive effects of coinoculation in relation to single inoculation of rhizobia on plant growth and yield of grain legumes. Coinoculation of rhizobia and bacilli on legume seeds and/or soil during sowing significantly increased nodulation, nitrogenase activity, plant N and P contents, and shoot and root biomass, as well as the grain yield of most grain legumes studied. There were however a few instances where coinoculation decreased plant growth parameters. Therefore, coinoculation of rhizobia and Bacillus has the potential to increase the growth and productivity of grain legumes, and can be recommended as an environmental-friendly agricultural practice for increased crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaciela Kaschuk
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - André Carlos Auler
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Crislaine Emidio Vieira
- Post-Graduation in Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR CEP 80035-050 Brazil
| | - Felix Dapore Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanjay K. Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sonia Purin da Cruz
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi, km 3, Curitibanos, SC CEP 89520-000 Brazil
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O’Sullivan CA, Belt K, Thatcher LF. Tackling Control of a Cosmopolitan Phytopathogen: Sclerotinia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707509. [PMID: 34490008 PMCID: PMC8417578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic members of the Sclerotinia genus cause widespread disease across a broad range of economically important crops. In particular, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is considered one of the most destructive and cosmopolitan of plant pathogens. Here, were review the epidemiology of the pathogen, its economic impact on agricultural production, and measures employed toward control of disease. We review the broad approaches required to tackle Sclerotinia diseases and include cultural practices, crop genetic resistance, chemical fungicides, and biological controls. We highlight the benefits and drawbacks of each approach along with recent advances within these controls and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louise F. Thatcher
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Louise F. Thatcher,
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The potential of Bacilli rhizobacteria for sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability. Microbiol Res 2019; 219:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cyanobacterial and rhizobial inoculation modulates the plant physiological attributes and nodule microbial communities of chickpea. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1311-1323. [PMID: 28669069 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to understand the influence of two plant growth promoting cyanobacterial formulations (Anabaena-Mesorhizobium ciceri biofilm and Anabaena laxa), along with Mesorhizobium ciceri, on the symbiotic performance of five each of desi- and kabuli-chickpea cultivars. Inoculation with cyanobacterial formulations led to significant interactions with different cultivars, in terms of fresh weight and number of nodules, the concentration of nodular leghemoglobin, and the number of pods. The inoculant A. laxa alone was superior in its performance, recording 30-50% higher values than uninoculated control, and led to significantly higher nodule number per plant and fresh root weight, relative to the M. ciceri alone. Highest nodule numbers were recorded in the kabuli cultivars BG256 and BG1003. The kabuli cultivar BG1108 treated with the biofilmed Anabaena-M. ciceri inoculant recorded the highest concentration of leghemoglobin in nodules. These inoculants also stimulated the elicitation of defense- and pathogenesis-related enzymes in both the desi and kabuli cultivars, by two to threefolds. The analyses of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles revealed that microbial communities in nodules were highly diverse, with about 23 archaeal, 9 bacterial, and 13 cyanobacterial predominant phylotypes observed in both desi and kabuli cultivars, and influenced by the inoculants. Our findings illustrate that the performance of the chickpea plants may be significantly modulated by the microbial communities in the nodule, which may contribute towards improved plant growth and metabolic activity of nodules. This emphasizes the promise of cyanobacterial inoculants in improving the symbiotic performance of chickpea.
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