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Malloy E, Kates AE, Dixon J, Riley C, Safdar N, Hanson L. Vaginal and Rectal microbiome changes following administration of a multi-species antenatal probiotic: A randomized control trial. GUT MICROBES REPORTS 2024; 1:1-10. [PMID: 38708373 PMCID: PMC11065196 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2024.2334311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The gut and vaginal microbiome undergo changes during pregnancy which may be protective or harmful to the birthing person. Probiotics have been found to cause protective changes to the gut and vaginal microbiomes, with the potential to improve perinatal outcomes. This randomized control trial compares the vaginal and rectal microbiomes before and after an antenatal probiotic or placebo intervention, with a diverse group of pregnant people and a special focus on racial disparities. The vaginal and rectal microbiomes reveal non-significant increased Lactobacillus in the probiotics group, with a greater increase in participants who identified as Black. Potential implications and future study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Malloy
- Aurora UW Medical Group Midwifery & Wellness, Advocate Aurora Healthcare Milwaukee, USA
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ashley E. Kates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Jonah Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Colleen Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Lisa Hanson
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
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2
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Das S, Konwar BK. Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:871-886. [PMID: 37676318 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal canal (VC) is exposed to the external environment affected by habitual factors like hygiene and sexual behaviour as well as physiological factors like puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, child birth and menopause. Healthy VC harbours beneficial microflora supported by vaginal epithelium and cervical fluid. Connatural antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) of female reproductive tract (FRT) conjunctly with these beneficial microbes provide protection from a large number of infectious diseases. Such infections may either be caused by native microbes of the VC or transitory microbes like bacteria or virus which are not a part of VC microflora. This review highlight's the role of hormones, enzymes, innate immunological factors, epithelial cells and vaginal mucus that support beneficial microbes over infectious ones thus, helping to maintain homeostasis in VC and further protect the FRT. We also discuss the prospective use of vaginal probiotics and AMPs against pathogens which can serve as a potential cure for vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Bolin K Konwar
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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3
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Li H, Zhang H, Geng L, Huang H, Nie C, Zhu Y. Association between vaginal microbiome alteration and povidone iodine use during delivery. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37978422 PMCID: PMC10655376 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome is a dynamic community of microorganisms in the vagina. Its alteration may be influenced by multiple factors, including gestational status, menstrual cycle, sexual intercourse, hormone levels, hormonal contraceptives, and vaginal drug administration. Povidone iodine has been used before delivery to reduce infection that may be caused by the ascendance of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria from the vagina to the uterus. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of povidone iodine use during delivery on the vaginal microbiome. METHODS This study enrolled a total of 67 women from maternity services in three hospitals. During the delivery process, we have applied povidone iodine in three doses such as low dose, medium dose, and high dose based on the amount of povidone iodine administered, thus, we studied the three groups of women based on the doses applied. Vaginal swab samples were collected both before and immediately after delivery, and the microbial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. The identification of differentially abundant microbial taxa was performed using ZicoSeq software. RESULTS Before delivery, the vaginal microbiome was dominated by the genus Lactobacillus, with different percentage observed (86.06%, 85.24%, and 73.42% for the low, medium, and high dose groups, respectively). After delivery, the vaginal microbial community was restructured, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in all three groups (68.06%, 50.08%, and 25.89%), and a significant increase in alpha diversity across all 3 groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, as the dose of povidone iodine used during delivery increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.01). Contrary, there was an increase in microbial diversity and the relative abundances of Pseudomonas (0.13%, 0.26%, and 13.04%, P < 0.01) and Ralstonia (0.01%, 0.02%, and 16.07%, P < 0.01) across the groups. Notably, some functional metabolic pathways related to sugar degradation were observed to have significant change with increasing use of povidone iodine. CONCLUSION Povidone iodine was associated with the vaginal microbiome alterations after parturition, and its significant change was associated to the dosage of povidone iodine administered. The escalation in iodine dosage was linked to a decrease in Lactobacilli abundance, and elevated prevalence of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia. There is a need for longitudinal studies to clearly understanding the effect of povidone iodine use on maternal and infant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Linhua Geng
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chuan Nie
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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4
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Ye J, Qi X. Vaginal microecology and its role in human papillomavirus infection and human papillomavirus associated cervical lesions. APMIS 2023. [PMID: 37941500 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The vaginal microecology comprises the vaginal microbiome, immune microenvironment, vaginal anatomy, and the cervicovaginal fluid, which is rich in metabolites, enzymes, and cytokines. Investigating its role in the female reproductive system holds paramount significance. The advent of next-generation sequencing enabled a more profound investigation into the structure of the vaginal microbial community in relation to the female reproductive system. Human papillomavirus infection is prevalent among women of reproductive age, and persistent oncogenic HPV infection is widely recognized as a factor associated with cervical cancer. Extensive previous research has demonstrated that dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota characterized by a reduction in Lactobacillus species, heightens susceptivity to HPV infection, consequently contributing to persistent HPV infection and the progression of cervical lesion. Likewise, HPV infection can exacerbate dysbiosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current literatures and to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between vaginal microecology and HPV infection, with the intention of offering valuable insights for future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Saadaoui M, Singh P, Ortashi O, Al Khodor S. Role of the vaginal microbiome in miscarriage: exploring the relationship. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1232825. [PMID: 37780845 PMCID: PMC10533927 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1232825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is a devastating pregnancy loss that affects many women worldwide. It is characterized as a spontaneous miscarriage that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation which affects more than 25% of pregnancies. While the causes of miscarriage are complex and multifactorial, recent research has suggested a potential role of the vaginal microbiota. The vaginal microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem of microbes that are essential for preserving vaginal health and avoiding infections. Vaginal dysbiosis has been accompanied with numerous adverse pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth. However, the effect of the vaginal microbiome in miscarriage is not fully understood. This review aims to investigate the link between vaginal microbiota and miscarriage. Also, we investigate the various mechanisms through which the vaginal microbiota may affect miscarriage. Additionally, we examine the implications of these research findings, specifically the possibility of vaginal microbiome screening and targeted interventions to prevent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Osman Ortashi
- Women’s Services Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Chen X, Shi Y. Determinants of microbial colonization in the premature gut. Mol Med 2023; 29:90. [PMID: 37407941 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal microbial colonization in the gut at an early stage of life affects growth, development, and health, resulting in short- and long-term adverse effects. Microbial colonization patterns of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants in that preterm babies and their mothers have more complicated prenatal and postnatal medical conditions. Maternal complications, antibiotic exposure, delivery mode, feeding type, and the use of probiotics may significantly shape the gut microbiota of preterm infants at an early stage of life; however, these influences subside with age. Although some factors and processes are difficult to intervene in or avoid, understanding the potential factors and determinants will help in developing timely strategies for a healthy gut microbiota in preterm infants. This review discusses potential determinants of gut microbial colonization in preterm infants and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
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Sun M, Geng H, Bai J, Feng J, Xu N, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu G. Characterization of cervical canal and vaginal bacteria in pregnant women with cervical incompetence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:986326. [PMID: 36246259 PMCID: PMC9556877 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.986326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal and cervical canal bacteria are associated with women’s health and pregnancy outcomes. Here, we compared their composition and characteristics in 37 reproductive-aged Chinese women including 24 pregnant women with cervical incompetence (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups A and B, respectively) and 13 healthy pregnant women (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups C and D, respectively) using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The results of alpha and beta diversity analysis, respectively, indicated no statistical differences between Groups A and B (p = 0.32, 0.06), nor Groups B and D (p = 0.69, 0.74); however, differences were found between Groups C and D (p = 0.02, 0.01) and between Groups A and C (p = 0.04, 0.02). PLS-DA analysis showed that the individuals from each group were irregularly distributed according to their clade. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Ureaplasma were the dominant genera in all groups. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSts) analysis identified 31 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs associated with the bacterial communities from the four groups, including membrane transport, folding, sorting and degradation, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We further determined relationships between pregnancy outcomes (Apgar scores) and certain bacterial species. A significant positive correlation was found between Apgar scores and Actinomyces neuii and Anoxybacillus flavithermus in the vagina and cervical canal of pregnant women with cervical incompetence while Bacteroides plebeius, Bifidobacterium pseudopodium and Staphylococcus petrasii in the cervical canal displayed negative correlations with Apgar scores. Moreover, Clostridium fimetarium, Methanobacterium congolense, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Psychrobacter nivimaris in the vagina were negatively correlated with Apgar scores. These bacteria may serve as potential biomarkers, however, additional research is warranted to verify their role in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiguo Sun
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiwu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui,China
| | - Jingjing Bai
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui,China
| | - Na Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui,China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui,China
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Long Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoying Liu,
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui,China
- Gang Liu,
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Transplantation of maternal intestinal flora to the newborn after elective cesarean section (SECFLOR): study protocol for a double blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:565. [PMID: 36175995 PMCID: PMC9521560 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A complication of elective cesarean section (CS) delivery is its interference with the normal intestinal colonization of the infant, affecting the immune and metabolic signaling in early life— a process that has been associated with long-term morbidity, such as allergy and diabetes. We evaluate, in CS-delivered infants, whether the normal intestinal microbiome and its early life development can be restored by immediate postnatal transfer of maternal fecal microbiota (FMT) to the newborn, and how this procedure influences the maturation of the immune system. Methods Sixty healthy mothers with planned elective CS are recruited and screened thoroughly for infections. A maternal fecal sample is taken prior to delivery and processed according to a transplantation protocol. After double blinded randomization, half of the newborns will receive a diluted aliquot of their own mother’s stool orally administered in breast milk during the first feeding while the other half will be similarly treated with a placebo. The infants are clinically followed, and fecal samples are gathered weekly until the age of 4 weeks, then at the ages of 8 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The parents fill in questionnaires until the age of 24 months. Blood samples are taken at the age of 2–3 days and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months to assess development of major immune cell populations and plasma proteins throughout the first years of life. Discussion This is the first study to assess long-time effects on the intestinal microbiome and the development of immune system of a maternal fecal transplant given to term infants born by CS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04173208, registration date 21.11.2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03609-3.
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Livson S, Virtanen S, Lokki AI, Holster T, Rahkonen L, Kalliala I, Nieminen P, Salonen A, Meri S. Cervicovaginal Complement Activation and Microbiota During Pregnancy and in Parturition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925630. [PMID: 35958597 PMCID: PMC9358961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal microbiome and the local innate immune defense, including the complement system, contribute to anti- and proinflammatory homeostasis during pregnancy and parturition. The relationship between commensal vaginal bacteria and complement activation during pregnancy and delivery is not known. Objective To study the association of the cervicovaginal microbiota composition to activation and regulation of the complement system during pregnancy and labor. Study design We recruited women during late pregnancy (weeks 41 + 5 to 42 + 0, n=48) and women in active labor (weeks 38 + 4 to 42 + 2, n=25). Mucosal swabs were taken from the external cervix and lateral fornix of the vagina. From the same sampling site, microbiota was analyzed with 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing. A Western blot technique was used to detect complement C3, C4 and factor B activation and presence of complement inhibitors. For semiquantitative analysis, the bands of the electrophoresed proteins in gels were digitized on a flatbed photo scanner and staining intensities were analyzed using ImageJ/Fiji win-64 software. Patient data was collected from medical records and questionnaires. Results The vaginal microbiota was Lactobacillus-dominant in most of the samples (n=60), L. iners and L. crispatus being the dominant species. L. gasseri and L. jensenii were found to be more abundant during pregnancy than active labor. L. jensenii abundance correlated with C4 activation during pregnancy but not in labor. Gardnerella vaginalis was associated with C4 activation both during pregnancy and labor. The amount of L. gasseri correlated with factor B activation during pregnancy but not during labor. Atopobium vaginae was more abundant during pregnancy than labor and correlated with C4 activation during labor and with factor B activation during pregnancy. Activation of the alternative pathway factor B was significantly stronger during pregnancy compared to labor. During labor complement activation may be inhibited by the abundant presence of factor H and FHL1. Conclusions These results indicate that bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota could have a role in the local activation and regulation of complement-mediated inflammation during pregnancy. At the time of parturition complement activation appears to be more strictly regulated than during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Livson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sivan Livson,
| | - Seppo Virtanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Inkeri Lokki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Holster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Rahkonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kalliala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pekka Nieminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) Diagnostic Center, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa laboratorio (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
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Kervinen K, Holster T, Saqib S, Virtanen S, Stefanovic V, Rahkonen L, Nieminen P, Salonen A, Kalliala I. Parity and gestational age are associated with vaginal microbiota composition in term and late term pregnancies. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104107. [PMID: 35759916 PMCID: PMC9250009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginal microbiota and its potential contribution to preterm birth is under intense research. However, only few studies have investigated the vaginal microbiota in later stages of pregnancy or at the onset of labour. Methods We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyse cross-sectional vaginal swab samples from 324 Finnish women between 37–42 weeks of gestation, sampled before elective caesarean section, at the onset of spontaneous labour, and in pregnancies lasting ≥41 weeks of gestation. Microbiota data were combined with comprehensive clinical data to identify factors associated with microbiota variation. Findings Vaginal microbiota composition associated strongly with advancing gestational age and parity, i.e. presence of previous deliveries. Absence of previous deliveries was a strong predictor of Lactobacillus crispatus dominated vaginal microbiota, and the relative abundance of L. crispatus was higher in late term pregnancies, especially among nulliparous women. Interpretation This study identified late term pregnancy and reproductive history as factors underlying high abundance of gynaecological health-associated L. crispatus in pregnant women. Our results suggest that the vaginal microbiota affects or reflects the regulation of the duration of gestation and labour onset, with potentially vast clinical utilities. Further studies are needed to address the causality and the mechanisms on how previous labour, but not pregnancy, affects the vaginal microbiota. Parity and gestational age should be accounted for in future studies on vaginal microbiota and reproductive outcomes. Funding This research was supported by EU H2020 programme Sweet Crosstalk ITN (814102), Academy of Finland, State Research Funding, and University of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kervinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Holster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Schahzad Saqib
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Virtanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vedran Stefanovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Rahkonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Nieminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Kalliala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Juliana NCA, Deb S, Juma MH, Poort L, Budding AE, Mbarouk A, Ali SM, Ouburg S, Morré SA, Sazawal S, Ambrosino E. The Vaginal Microbiota Composition and Genital Infections during and after Pregnancy among Women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030509. [PMID: 35336085 PMCID: PMC8951098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition, prevalence of genital pathogens and their association among pregnant and post-delivery women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Vaginal swabs were collected from 90 women, at two time points during pregnancy (<20 weeks of gestational age [GA] and ≥20 weeks GA) and once after delivery, when possible. IS-pro assay was used for VMB characterization. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and human papillomavirus (HPV) were detected by qPCRs. VMB were mostly Lactobacillus dominant during pregnancy and non-Lactobacillus dominant post-delivery. A significant decrease in VMB richness was observed during pregnancy among paired and unpaired samples. Shannon diversity was significantly lower during pregnancy than post-delivery among unpaired samples. Klebsiella species and Streptococcus anginosus were the most commonly identified pathobionts at all timepoints. A high abundance of pathobionts was mostly seen in women with non-Lactobacillus dominant VMB. At ≥20 weeks GA timepoint during pregnancy, 63.0% of the women carrying one or more genital pathogen (either HPV, CT, TV, or MG) had L. iners dominant VMB. NG was not detected pre-delivery. This study contributes evidence on VMB composition, its changes during pregnancy and post-delivery, and their association with pathobionts and genital pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. A. Juliana
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Reproduction), Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.C.A.J.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Saikat Deb
- Public Health Laboratory—Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 74201, Pemba Island, Tanzania; (S.D.); (M.H.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.A.)
- Centre for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi 110024, India;
| | - Mohamed H. Juma
- Public Health Laboratory—Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 74201, Pemba Island, Tanzania; (S.D.); (M.H.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Linda Poort
- inBiome, 1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.P.); (A.E.B.)
| | | | - Abdalla Mbarouk
- Public Health Laboratory—Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 74201, Pemba Island, Tanzania; (S.D.); (M.H.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Said M. Ali
- Public Health Laboratory—Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 74201, Pemba Island, Tanzania; (S.D.); (M.H.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sander Ouburg
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Servaas A. Morré
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Reproduction), Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.C.A.J.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sunil Sazawal
- Centre for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi 110024, India;
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Reproduction), Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (N.C.A.J.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-04-3388-4081
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12
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Villani A, Fontana A, Barone S, de Stefani S, Primiterra M, Copetti M, Panebianco C, Parri C, Sciannamè N, Quitadamo PA, Tiezzi A, Santana L, Maglione A, D’Amato F, Perri F, Palini S, Pazienza V. Identifying Predictive Bacterial Markers from Cervical Swab Microbiota on Pregnancy Outcome in Woman Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technologies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030680. [PMID: 35160131 PMCID: PMC8836651 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Failure of the embryo to implant causes about three-fourths of lost pregnancies. Female genital tract microbiota has been associated to Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the microbiota of human cervical swab and to correlate these findings with the ART outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this study, 88 cervical swabs were collected from women undergoing ART cycles, with various causes of infertility, at the beginning of the ART protocols. After microbial DNA extraction, V3–V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. PEnalized LOgistic Regression Analysis (PELORA) was performed to identify clusters of bacterial populations with differential abundances between patients with unfavorable and favorable pregnancy outcome groups, respectively. Results: We identified a core of microorganisms at lower taxonomic levels that were predictive of women’s pregnancy outcomes. Statistically significant differences were identified at species levels with Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus rhamnosus among others. Moreover the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus and iners, respectively increased and decreased in favorable group as compared to unfavorable group, resulted within the core of microorganisms associated to positive ART outcome. Although the predominance of lactobacilli is generally considered to be advantageous for ART outcome, we found that also the presence of Bifidobacterium (together with the other lactobacilli) was more abundant in the favorable group. Discussion: Cervix is colonized by microorganisms which can play a role in ART outcomes as seen by an overall decrease in embryo attachment rates and pregnancy rates in both fertile and infertile women. If confirmed in a larger cohort, the abundance of these bacteria can be useful not only as a marker of unfavorable pregnancy outcome but also they may open the way to new interventional strategies based on genital tract microbiota manipulation in order to increase the pregnancy rates in woman undergoing assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annacandida Villani
- Gastoenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.V.); (C.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistic, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Stefano Barone
- Unità Sanitaria Locale USL Toscana Nordovest, Assisted Reproductive Center Ospedale Versilia, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy; (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Silvia de Stefani
- PMA Unit, Clinica Nuova Ricerca, Via Settembrini 17/h, 47923 Rimini, Italy; (S.d.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Mariangela Primiterra
- PMA Unit, Clinica Nuova Ricerca, Via Settembrini 17/h, 47923 Rimini, Italy; (S.d.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistic, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Gastoenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.V.); (C.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Cristiana Parri
- Unità Sanitaria Locale USL Toscana Nordovest, Assisted Reproductive Center Ospedale Versilia, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy; (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Natale Sciannamè
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Pasqua Anna Quitadamo
- Neonatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Tiezzi
- PMA Unit, Clinica Nuova Ricerca, Via Settembrini 17/h, 47923 Rimini, Italy; (S.d.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Liliana Santana
- PMA Unit, Clinica Nuova Ricerca, Via Settembrini 17/h, 47923 Rimini, Italy; (S.d.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Annamaria Maglione
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica D’Amato
- PMA Unit, Villa Margherita Hospital, Viale di Villa Massimo, 48, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perri
- Gastoenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.V.); (C.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Simone Palini
- Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Ospedale “Cervesi” di Cattolica—AUSL Romagna, Via Ludwig Van Beethoven, 1, 47841 Cattolica, Italy;
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastoenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Padre Pio 4, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.V.); (C.P.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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KIECKA ANETA, MACURA BARBARA, SZCZEPANIK MARIAN. Can Lactobacillus spp. Be a Factor Reducing the Risk of Miscarriage? Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:431-446. [PMID: 35003275 PMCID: PMC8702604 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss is a common obstetric problem. Significant causes of miscarriage include genetic and epigenetic disorders of the embryo, immunological and endocrine factors, uterine malformations, improper embryo selection, and lifestyle. Perhaps a hitherto underappreciated cause of miscarriage may be an abnormal microbiota composition of the female reproductive system. Lactobacillus spp. is the most common bacteria within the reproductive tract. However, the protective role of Lactobacilli in the vagina has been well described in the literature, while it is still unknown what function Lactobacilli may have in the uterus. Moreover, new research shows that Lactobacillus spp. can have a role in miscarriage. However, both molecular and immunological mechanisms of host-Lactobacillus spp. interactions are not fully understood. Understanding these relationships will help address the importance and extent of the protective role of Lactobacillus spp. in miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANETA KIECKA
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - BARBARA MACURA
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - MARIAN SZCZEPANIK
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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14
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Juliana NCA, Peters RPH, Al-Nasiry S, Budding AE, Morré SA, Ambrosino E. Composition of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in women living in sub-Saharan Africa: a PRISMA-compliant review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:596. [PMID: 34479485 PMCID: PMC8418042 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiota (VMB) are the set of microorganisms residing in the human vagina. During pregnancy, their composition is Lactobacillus-dominant in most Caucasian women. Previous studies suggest that the VMB of women with African ancestry is more likely to be non-Lactobacillus dominant (dysbiotic) compared to other populations, and possibly relate to the high incidence of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth. This work reviewed the literature on VMB composition in pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS A search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines. Observational and intervention studies analysing VMB communities from sub-Saharan African pregnant women using molecular techniques were included. RESULTS Ten studies performed in seven sub-Saharan African countries were identified. They independently showed that Lactobacillus-dominant VMB (particularly L. iners or L. crispatus) or VMB containing Lactobacilli are the most prevalent, followed by a more diverse anaerobe-dominant VMB, in the studied populations. The majority of pregnant women with a sexually-transmitted infection had a Lactobacillus-dominant VMB, but with a significantly higher presence of anaerobic species. CONCLUSION In agreement with studies performed in other populations, Lactobacillus species are the most prevalent VMB species during pregnancy in sub-Saharan African women. The frequency of diverse anaerobe-dominant VMB is high in these populations. In Africa, studies on VMB in pregnancy are scant, heterogeneous in methodology, and knowledge remains limited. More insights on VMB composition and their possible sequalae among these populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C A Juliana
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Remco P H Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPRHI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Servaas A Morré
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Location AMC, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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15
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Jian C, Carpén N, Helve O, de Vos WM, Korpela K, Salonen A. Early-life gut microbiota and its connection to metabolic health in children: Perspective on ecological drivers and need for quantitative approach. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103475. [PMID: 34256346 PMCID: PMC8324810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonisation and development of the gut microbiota has been implicated in paediatric metabolic disorders via its powerful effect on host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Here we summarise the evidence from human studies on the early gut microbiota and paediatric overweight and obesity. Manipulation of the early gut microbiota may represent a promising target for countering the burgeoning metabolic disorders in the paediatric population, provided the assembly patterns of microbiota and their health consequences can be decoded. Therefore, in this review, we pay particular attention to the important ecological drivers affecting the community dynamics of the early gut microbiota. We then discuss the knowledge gaps in commonly studied exposures linking the gut microbiota to metabolic disorders, especially regarding maternal factors and antibiotic use. This review also attempts to give directions for future studies aiming to identify predictive and corrective measures for paediatric metabolic disorders based on the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota; Metabolism; Paediatric overweight and obesity; Ecological driver; Dynamics; Infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Carpén
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Helve
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Aires J. First 1000 Days of Life: Consequences of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:681427. [PMID: 34093505 PMCID: PMC8170024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origin of health and disease highlights the importance of the period of the first 1000 days (from conception to 2 years) of life. In particular, the process of gut microbiota establishment occurs within this time window. Therefore, determinants interfering with neonatal gut establishment may disrupt its physiological functions and potentially lead to negative health outcomes. Antibiotics are among perinatal determinants that can directly or indirectly affect the pattern of gut bacterial colonization, with a long-lasting impact on intestinal ecosystem functions. In this review, we will examine the impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota during the perinatal period and first years of life, a key interval for development of an individual’s health capital. Further, we will discuss the role of antibiotics during short- and long-term dysbiosis and their associated health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aires
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Paris, France.,FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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17
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Martinelli LM, Reginatto MW, Fontes KN, Andrade CBV, Monteiro VRS, Gomes HR, Almeida FRCL, Bloise FF, Matthews SG, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Bloise E. Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) is selectively modulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mouse yolk sac. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:82-91. [PMID: 32916274 PMCID: PMC7772890 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection alters placental ABC transporters expression. These transporters provide fetal protection against circulating xenobiotics and environmental toxins present in maternal blood. We hypothesized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS-bacterial mimic) alters the yolk sac morphology and expression of key ABC transporters in a gestational-age dependent manner. Yolk sac samples from C57BL/6 mice were obtained at gestational ages (GD) 15.5 and GD18.5, 4 or 24 h after LPS exposure (150ug/kg; n = 8/group). Samples underwent morphometrical, qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. The volumetric proportions of the histological components of the yolk sac did not change in response to LPS. LPS increased Abcg2 expression at GD15.5, after 4 h of treatment (p < 0.05). No changes in Abca1, Abcb1a/b, Abcg1, Glut1, Snat1, Il-1β, Ccl2 and Mif were observed. Il-6 and Cxcl1 were undetectable in the yolk sac throughout pregnancy. Abca1, breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp, encoded by Abcg2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ Abcb1a/b) were localized in the endodermal (uterine-facing) epithelium and to a lesser extent in the mesothelium (amnion-facing), whereas Abca1 was also localized to the endothelium of the yolk sac blood vessels. LPS increased the labeling area and intensity of Bcrp in the yolk sac's mesothelial cells at GD15.5 (4 h), whereas at GD18.5, the area of Bcrp labeling in the mesothelium (4 and 24 h) was decreased (p < 0.05). Bacterial infection has the potential to change yolk sac barrier function by affecting Bcrp and Abcg2 expression in a gestational-age dependent-manner. These changes may alter fetal exposure to xenobiotics and toxic substances present in the maternal circulation and in the uterine cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Martinelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M W Reginatto
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K N Fontes
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C B V Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V R S Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H R Gomes
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R C L Almeida
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F F Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S G Matthews
- Departments of Physiology,Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - T M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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18
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Tsonis O, Gkrozou F, Harrison E, Stefanidis K, Vrachnis N, Paschopoulos M. Female genital tract microbiota affecting the risk of preterm birth: What do we know so far? A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 245:168-173. [PMID: 31923737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous Preterm birth (SPTB) is a common obstetric complication affecting 12.9 million births worldwide and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Disruption in the vaginal microbiota has an impact on the maternal immunological profile leading to SPTBs. Scientists have struggled to link maternal infectious agents with the dysregulation of the maternal immune response in cases of SPTBs. Throughout the last decade, important findings regarding the role of microbiota and its genome, the so-called microbiome, have linked alterations within the population of the microorganisms in our bodies with changes in nutrition, immunity, behaviour and diseases. In this review, evidence regarding the female genital tract microbiota and microbiome has been examined to help further our understanding of its role in disrupting the maternal immune system resulting in spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.
| | - F Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, UK
| | - E Harrison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Birmingham, UK
| | - K Stefanidis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Athens, "Alexandra", Greece
| | - N Vrachnis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece
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