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Chen KH, Fathi F, Maxson T, Hossain M, Khisamutdinov E, Szilvási T, Zeng X, Li Z. Probe the Dynamic Adsorption and Phase Transition of Underpotential Deposition Processes at Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4914-4926. [PMID: 38385347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (E-QCM) techniques in combination with DFT calculations have been applied to reveal the static phase and the phase transition of copper underpotential deposition (UPD) on a gold electrode surface. EC-STM demonstrated, for the first time, the direct visualization of the disintegration of (√3 × √3)R30° copper UPD adlayer with coadsorbed SO42- while changing sample potential (ES) toward the redox Pa2/Pc2 peaks, which are associated with the phase transition between the Cu UPD (√3 × √3)R30° phase II and disordered randomly adsorbed phase III. DFT calculations show that SO42- binds via three oxygens to the bridge sites of the copper with sulfate being located directly above the copper vacancy in the (√3 × √3)R30° adlayer, whereas the remaining oxygen of the sulfate points away from the surface. E-QCM measurement of the change of the electric charge due to Cu UPD Faradaic processes, the change of the interfacial mass due to the adsorption and desorption of Cu(II) and SO42-, and the formation and stripping of UPD copper on the gold surface provide complementary information that validates the EC-STM and DFT results. This work demonstrated the advantage of using complementary in situ experimental techniques (E-QCM and EC-STM) combined with simulations to obtain an accurate and complete picture of the dynamic interfacial adsorption and UPD processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Fatemeh Fathi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tristan Maxson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Mezbah Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Emil Khisamutdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhihai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
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Aitchison H, Meyerbröker N, Lee TL, Zegenhagen J, Potter T, Früchtl H, Cebula I, Buck M. Underpotential deposition of Cu on Au(111) from neutral chloride containing electrolyte. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24146-24153. [PMID: 28837189 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a chloride terminated copper monolayer electrodeposited onto Au(111) from a CuSO4/KCl electrolyte was investigated ex situ by three complementary experimental techniques (scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), X-ray standing wave (XSW) excitation) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. STM at atomic resolution reveals a stable, highly ordered layer which exhibits a Moiré structure and is described by a (5 × 5) unit cell. The XSW/PES data yield a well-defined position of the Cu layer and the value of 2.16 Å above the topmost Au layer suggests that the atoms are adsorbed in threefold hollow sites. The chloride exhibits some distribution around a distance of 3.77 Å in agreement with the observed Moiré pattern due to a higher order commensurate lattice. This structure, a high order commensurate Cl overlayer on top of a commensurate (1 × 1) Cu layer with Cu at threefold hollow sites, is corroborated by the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Aitchison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
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Yang X, Lu AY, Zhu Y, Min S, Hedhili MN, Han Y, Huang KW, Li LJ. Rugae-like FeP nanocrystal assembly on a carbon cloth: an exceptionally efficient and stable cathode for hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10974-10981. [PMID: 26058361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong demand to replace expensive Pt catalysts with cheap metal sulfides or phosphides for hydrogen generation in water electrolysis. Earth-abundant Fe can be electroplated on carbon cloth (CC) to form high surface area rugae-like FeOOH assembly. Subsequent gas phase phosphidation converts the FeOOH to FeP or FeP2 and the morphology of the crystal assembly is controlled by the phosphidation temperature. FeP prepared at 250 °C presents lower crystallinity and that prepared at higher temperatures of 400 °C and 500 °C possesses higher crystallinity, but lower surface area. The phosphidation at 300 °C produces nanocrystalline FeP and preserves the high-surface area morphology; thus, it exhibits the highest HER efficiency in 0.5 M H2SO4, i.e., the required overpotential to reach 10 and 20 mA cm(-2) is 34 and 43 mV, respectively. These values are lowest among the reported non-precious metal phosphides on CC. The Tafel slope for FeP prepared at 300 °C is around 29.2 mV dec(-1), which is comparable to that of Pt/CC; this indicates that the hydrogen evolution for our best FeP is limited by the Tafel reaction (same as Pt). Importantly, the FeP/CC catalyst exhibits much better stability in a wide-range working current density (up to 1 V cm(-2)), suggesting that it is a promising replacement of Pt for HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Yang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Rodriguez P, García-Aráez N, Herrero E, Feliu J. New insight on the behavior of the irreversible adsorption and underpotential deposition of thallium on platinum (111) and vicinal surfaces in acid electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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