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Potential Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds for Treating Infectious Diseases: A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121750. [PMID: 36551407 PMCID: PMC9774632 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are considered as one of the major and most diverse family of organic compounds. Nowadays, the demand for these compounds is increasing day-by-day due to their enormous synthetic and biological applications. These heterocyclic compounds have unique antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. This review covers the antibacterial activity of different heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen moiety. Some of the derivatives of these compounds show excellent antibacterial activity, while others show reasonable activity against bacterial strains. This review paper aims to bring and discuss the detailed information on the antibacterial activity of various nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds. It will be helpful for the future evolution of diseases to synthesize new and effective drug molecules.
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El-Shamy NT, Alkaoud AM, Hussein RK, Ibrahim MA, Alhamzani AG, Abou-Krisha MM. DFT, ADMET and Molecular Docking Investigations for the Antimicrobial Activity of 6,6'-Diamino-1,1',3,3'-tetramethyl-5,5'-(4-chlorobenzylidene)bis[pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione]. Molecules 2022; 27:620. [PMID: 35163880 PMCID: PMC8839838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds, including pyrimidine derivatives, exhibit a broad variety of biological and pharmacological activities. In this paper, a previously synthesized novel pyrimidine molecule is proposed, and its pharmaceutical properties are investigated. Computational techniques such as the density functional theory, ADMET evaluation, and molecular docking were applied to elucidate the chemical nature, drug likeness and antibacterial function of molecule. The viewpoint of quantum chemical computations revealed that the molecule was relatively stable and has a high electrophilic nature. The contour maps of HOMO-LUMO and molecular electrostatic potential were analyzed to illustrate the charge density distributions that could be associated with the biological activity. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis revealed details about the interaction between donor and acceptor within the bond. Drug likeness and ADMET analysis showed that the molecule possesses the agents of safety and the effective combination therapy as pharmaceutical drug. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using molecular docking. The investigated molecule demonstrated a high affinity for binding within the active sites of antibacterial and antimalarial proteins. The high affinity of the antibacterial protein was proved by its low binding energy (-7.97 kcal/mol) and a low inhibition constant value (1.43 µM). The formation of four conventional hydrogen bonds in ligand-protein interactions confirmed the high stability of the resulting complexes. When compared to known standard drugs, the studied molecule displayed a remarkable antimalarial activity, as indicated by higher binding affinity (B.E. -5.86 kcal/mol & Ki = 50.23 M). The pre-selected molecule could be presented as a promising drug candidate for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen T. El-Shamy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al Munawarah 44256, Saudi Arabia; or
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Alkaoud
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Rageh K. Hussein
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Moez A. Ibrahim
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (M.M.A.-K.)
| | - Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (M.M.A.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Makarova ES, Kabanova MV, Danilova AS, Filimonov SI, Smirnova EA, Shetnev AA. Synthesis and properties of substituted 2-thioxohexahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazides. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hussein BRM, Khodairy A. Utility of [4‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]cyanamide in synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt
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El-Mahdy KM, Farouk O. Convenient Methodology for Some Heterocyclization Reactions with Thioxopyrimidine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Il’inykh ES, Kim DG, Valova MS, Fedorova OV. Synthesis and Optical Properties of New S-Derivatives of 5,5′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) and 5,5′,5″-(Benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hamid AMA, Shehta W. Utility of 2-furan-2-yl-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as a precursor for the synthesis of some novel pyrimidines: antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gupta AK, De D, Tomar K, Bharadwaj PK. A Cu(ii) metal–organic framework with significant H2 and CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalysis for the aerobic oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1624-1634. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1 exhibits significant H2, CO2 storage capacity and heterogeneous catalytic activity for oxidative amination of C(sp3)–H bonds and Biginelli reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Dinesh De
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
| | - Kapil Tomar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- India
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Solvent-Free Ring Cleavage Hydrazinolysis of Certain Biginelli Pyrimidines. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6354742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain Biginelli pyrimidines with ester substitution in C5 were subjected to unexpected ring opening upon solvent-free reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give three products: pyrazole, arylidenehydrazines, and urea/thiourea, respectively. The nonisolable carbohydrazide intermediates are formed firstly followed by the intermolecular nucleophilic attack of terminal amino group of hydrazide function on sp2 C6 rather than the sp3 C4 to give the ring adduct which was produced as a final product.
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