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Ajmal M, Mahato AK, Khan M, Rawat S, Husain A, Almalki EB, Alzahrani MA, Haque A, Hakme MJM, Albalawi AS, Rashid M. Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400637. [PMID: 38740555 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,2,4-triazoles in relation to their ability to disrupt significant inflammatory mediators and pathways. We present in-silico data that illuminate the triazoles' capacity to inhibit cell division, encourage apoptosis, and stop metastasis in a range of cancer models. This review looks at the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, with a focus on their potential efficacy against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and their usage in tuberculosis therapy. In order to better understand these substances' potential anti-diabetic benefits, this review also looks at how they affect glucose metabolism regulation and insulin responsiveness. Coordinated efforts are required to translate the efficacy of 1,2,4-triazole compounds in preclinical models into practical therapeutic benefits. Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are a promising class of diverse therapeutic agents with potential utility in a range of disorders. Their development and improvement might herald a new era of medical care that will be immensely advantageous to both patients and the medical community as a whole. This comprehensive research, which is further reinforced by in-silico investigations, highlights the great medicinal potential of 1,2,4-triazoles. Additionally, this study encourages more research into these substances and their enhancement for use in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ajmal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mausin Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivani Rawat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110064, India
| | | | | | - Anzarul Haque
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Suleman Albalawi
- Tabuk Health Cluster, Erada Mental Health Complex, Tabuk, 47717, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
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Babu A, Sunil K, Sajith AM, Reddy EK, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Venkatesh T, Bhadrachari S, Nibin Joy M. NMI-SO 2Cl 2-Mediated Amide Bond Formation: Facile Synthesis of Some Dihydrotriazolopyrimidine Amide Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:548. [PMID: 38794119 PMCID: PMC11123900 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Facile access to some novel biologically relevant dihydrotriazolopyrimidine carboxylic acid-derived amide analogues using NMI/SO2Cl2, and aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines, is reported herein. The role of N-methylimidazole (NMI) as the base and sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) as the coupling reagent has been effectively realized in accessing these molecules in good to excellent yields. The feasibility of the developed protocol has also been extended to the gram-scale synthesis of N-benzylbenzamide in a 75% yield from benzoic acid and benzyl amine. The newly synthesized compounds were tested via in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular activity studies. The compounds 6aa and 6be were found to be the most active anti-inflammatory agents, whereas 6cb and 6ch were found to exhibit promising anti-tubercular potency when compared to other synthesized molecules. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the importance of the presence of electron-donating functionalities in enhancing the anti-inflammatory potential of the newly synthesized molecules. However, the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents was found to be significant for improving their anti-tubercular potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Babu
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Kenchaiah Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ayyiliath Meleveetil Sajith
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research—VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Sougata Santra
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia
| | - Talavara Venkatesh
- Department of P.G Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India;
| | - Somashekara Bhadrachari
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Indira Gandhi Government First Grade Women’s College, Sagar 577401, Karnataka, India;
| | - Muthipeedika Nibin Joy
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
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Kumar H, Manoharan A, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S. Computational study of the piperidine and FtsZ interaction in Salmonella Typhi: implications for disrupting cell division machinery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38321931 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2314272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
FtsZ, a bacterial cell division protein, is essential for assembling the contractile Z-ring crucial in bacterial cytokinesis. Consequently, inhibiting FtsZ could impede proto-filaments, disrupting FtsZ and other associated proteins vital for cell division machinery. Conduct an in-silico drug interaction study to identify novel drug candidates that inhibit the FtsZ protein, aiming to prevent Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi. Data mining was performed based on piperidine compounds, which were subsequently screened for safe pharmacokinetic profiles. Compounds that met favorable drug-likeness criteria underwent virtual screening against the FtsZ drug target. Two compounds were chosen for molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to verify the binding affinity and stability between the target protein and the potential compounds. The 400 isoforms of piperidine analogues were curated, among them potent compound ZINC000000005416 found to possess high binding affinity (-8.49 kcal/mol) and low dissociation constant (0.597 µM). The highest binding affinity shown by ZINC000000005416 was validated by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and salt bridges with the functional domain of the cell division regulatory protein. Docking profiles, when correlated with molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) depicted stable trajectories and compatible conformational changes in the FtsZ-ZINC000000005416 complex. The stable simulated trajectories were validated through free-energy calculations using the Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) module. Low energy conformations, although the simulation trajectory confirmed the stable ZINC000000005416-FtsZ interaction, which encouraged experimental validations. This study encourages further exploration of the compound ZINC000000005416 as a drug candidate inhibiting FtsZ protein against MDR Salmonella Typhi.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hithesh Kumar
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Manoharan
- Department of Paediatrics, The CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Hu Z, Dong H, Si Z, Zhao Y, Liang Y. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Triazolo[4,3- a]pyrazine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:7876. [PMID: 38067606 PMCID: PMC10708386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a major challenge to human health, and there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents with excellent antibacterial activity. A series of novel triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine derivatives were synthesized and their structures were characterized using various techniques, such as melting point, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity using the microbroth dilution method. Among all the tested compounds, some showed moderate to good antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli strains. In particular, compound 2e exhibited superior antibacterial activities (MICs: 32 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 16 μg/mL against Escherichia coli), which was comparable to the first-line antibacterial agent ampicillin. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of the triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine derivatives was preliminarily investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuanwei Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.H.)
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Tian G, Song Q, Liu Z, Guo J, Cao S, Long S. Recent advances in 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole hybrids as antimicrobials and their SAR: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115603. [PMID: 37478558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use and sometimes even abuse of antibiotics, the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become very serious, and it is posing a great threat to global health. Therefore, development of new antibiotics is imperative. Triazoles are five-membered, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds, with two isomeric forms, i.e. 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Triazole-containing compounds have a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, and etc. The bioactivities and the diversity of triazole-containing drugs have attracted wide interest in these heterocycles. Various antibiotic triazole hybrids have been developed, and most of which have shown potent antimicrobial activities. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in triazole hybrids as potential antibacterial agents and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). The information gained through SAR studies will provide further insights into the development of new triazole antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimiao Tian
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Qiuyi Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
| | - Sihui Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 1st Rd Optics Valley, East Lake New Technology Development District, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, China.
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Ajin KA, Arun Kumar S, Singh M, Akshatha HS, Bhagyalalitha M, Pujar KG, Sumana MN, Chandrashekar VM, Bidye D, Pujar GV. Novel Antitubercular Agents: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Dynamic and Biological Studies of Pyrazole - 1,2,4-Triazole Conjugates. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300971. [PMID: 37882429 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has numerous cell wall and non-cell wall mediated receptors for drug action, of which cell wall mediated targets were found to be more promising because of their pivotal role in bacterial protection and survival. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of pyrazole-linked triazoles based on the reported structural features of promising drug candidates that target DprE1 receptors through a Structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach (6a-6j and 7a-7j). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antitubercular activity against virulent strains of Mtb H37Rv. In-silico studies revealed that most compounds exhibit binding interactions with crucial amino acids like Lys418, Tyr314, Tyr60, and Asp386 at DprE1. Furthermore, the protein-ligand (7j) shows appreciable stability compared to innate protein in a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation study. In-vitro MAB assay revealed that 14 compounds exhibit significant antitubercular activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 3.15-4.87 μM of the 20 compounds tested. An in-vitro cytotoxicity study on normal cell lines (MCF10) revealed safe compounds (IC50 values:341.85 to 726.08 μM). Hence, the present study opens the development of new pyrazole-linked triazoles as probable DprE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Ajin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - Sethu Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - H S Akshatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - Meduri Bhagyalalitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - Karthik G Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - M N Sumana
- Department of Microbiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - V M Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmacology, HSK College of Pharmacy, 587101, Bagalkot, India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, Indi
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Nibin Joy M, Guda MR, Zyryanov GV. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Activity of 4-Methyl-7-Substituted Coumarin Hybrids and Their Structure Activity Relationships. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1326. [PMID: 37765134 PMCID: PMC10535168 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Four sets of previously synthesized 4-methyl-7-substituted coumarin derivatives were screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular activities. The anti-inflammatory potential of 3a-t, 5a-o, 6a-n, and 7a-f synthesized compounds was evaluated by an anti-denaturation assay using diclofenac sodium as the reference standard. Evaluation of the anti-tuberculous activity of the mentioned compounds was performed by the Resazurin test method against four different TB strains using rifampicin and isoniazid as reference drugs. Based on the anti-inflammatory results, compounds 3o, 5f, 6c, and 7d proved to be the most active compounds in their respective series. Additionally, compounds 3k-n, 5b-d, 6d-f, 6k, 7a, and 7f were found to be the most potent anti-tuberculous agents. In fact, most of the screened compounds exhibited promising activity profiles compared to the respective standard drugs. The structure-activity connections revealed a few intriguing aspects, indicating that the presence of electron-donating and nitrogen-rich fragments boost the anti-inflammatory effects of the examined compounds. However, the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents was required to boost the anti-tubercular activity of the evaluated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthipeedika Nibin Joy
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 28 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Mallikarjuna R. Guda
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 28 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 28 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia
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Bashir B, Riaz N, Ejaz SA, Saleem M, Iqbal A, Mahmood HMK, Ejaz S, Ashraf M, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Bhattarai K. Parsing p-Tolyloxy-1,3,4-oxadiazolepropanamides as 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Prop up by In Vitro and In Silico Profiling Including Structure Determination. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Novel Quinazolinone–Isoxazoline Hybrids: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and DFT Mechanistic Study. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinone and isoxazoline systems have attracted much attention due to their interesting pharmacological properties. The association of these two pharmacophores in a single hybrid structure can boost the biological activity or bring a new one. Inspired by this new paradigm, in the present work we report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new quinazolinone–isoxazoline hybrids. The target compounds were obtained via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of arylnitriloxides and N-allylquinazolinone. The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1D NMR (1H and 13C), 2D NMR (COSY and HSQC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The spectral data show that this reaction leads only to the 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoline regioisomer, and that the observed regiochemistry is not affected by the nature of the substituents in the phenyl ring of the dipole. In addition, a theoretical study was performed using density functional theory (DFT) to support the experimental results in regard to the regiochemistry of the studied reactions. The computational mechanistic study was in good agreement with the experimental data.
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An expeditious and clean synthesis of novel benzotriazole-triazole conjugates via Copper-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne cycloaddition click protocol (CuAAC). J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Yasin M, Shahid W, Ashraf M, Saleem M, Muzaffar S, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Ejaz SA, Mahmood HMK, Bhattarai K, Riaz N. Targeting new N-furfurylated 4-chlorophenyl-1,2,4-triazolepropionamide hybrids as potential 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors supported with in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35699270 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that are involved to control inflammation. In search of new and more potent LOX inhibitors, a series of new 3-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-furylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole hybrids was prepared and screened for its LOX inhibitory potential. 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (a) was metamorphosed into N-furfuryl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-furylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole (4) via intermediates like benzoate (1), hydrazide (2) and semicarbazide (3). Finally, triazole (4) was fused with propionamides (6a-o) and transformed it into the aimed derivatives (7a-o). The structural interpretations of the prepared derivatives (7a-o) were accomplished via FTIR, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, EI-MS and HR-EI-MS spectrometry. The inhibitory potency of the compounds against soybean 15-LOX was determined by in vitro assay using chemiluminescence method. Compounds 7a and 7f exhibited potent LOX inhibitory profiles with IC50 21.83 ± 0.56 and 25.72 ± 0.51 µM, whereas 7d and 7e showed comparable inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 34.52 ± 0.39 and 39.12 ± 0.46 µM, respectively. Compounds 7a, 7f, 7d and 7e exhibited 65.58 ± 1.4%, 54.72 ± 1.3%, 58.52 ± 1.2% and 63.56 ± 1.4% blood mononuclear cells viability, respectively. Density functional theory and molecular docking studies further strengthened the studies of the synthesized compounds and these derivatives perceived to be potential 'lead' compounds in drug discovery as anti-LOX.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasin
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Shahid
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzaffar
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohammad Kashif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Pyrrolotriazinone as an Underexplored Scaffold in Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121275. [PMID: 34959675 PMCID: PMC8705011 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic amino derivatives have been extensively synthesized and validated as potent bioactive compounds, and nowadays, numerous marketed drugs share these scaffolds, from very simple structures (monoamino, monocyclic compounds) to much more complex molecules (polycyclic derivatives with two or more nitrogen atoms within the (fused) rings). In a constant quest for new chemical entities in drug discovery, a few novel heterocycles have emerged in recent years as promising building blocks for the obtainment of bioactive modulators. In this context, pyrrolotriazinones have attracted attention, and some show promising biological activities. Here, we offer an extensive review of pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one and pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one, describing their biological properties en route to drug discovery.
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Gonnet L, Baron M, Baltas M. Synthesis of Biologically Relevant 1,2,3- and 1,3,4-Triazoles: From Classical Pathway to Green Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:5667. [PMID: 34577138 PMCID: PMC8464795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green Chemistry has become in the last two decades an increasing part of research interest. Nonconventional «green» sources for chemical reactions include micro-wave, mechanical mixing, visible light and ultrasound. 1,2,3-triazoles have important applications in pharmaceutical chemistry while their 1,2,4 counterparts are developed to a lesser extent. In the review presented here we will focus on synthesis of 1,2,3 and 1,2,4-triazole systems by means of classical and « green chemistry » conditions involving ultrasound chemistry and mechanochemistry. The focus will be on compounds/scaffolds that possess biological/pharmacophoric properties. Finally, we will also present the formal cycloreversion of 1,2,3-triazole compounds under mechanical forces and its potential use in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre Rapsodee, Campus Jarlard, Allée des Sciences, Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France; (L.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michel Baron
- IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre Rapsodee, Campus Jarlard, Allée des Sciences, Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France; (L.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Baltas
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, CEDEX 4, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Ospina F, Quiroga D. A Compendium of the Most Promising Synthesized Organic Compounds against Several Fusarium oxysporum Species: Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:3997. [PMID: 34208916 PMCID: PMC8271819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum (FOX) is one of the main limitations of producing several agricultural products worldwide, causing economic losses between 40% and 100%. Various methods have been developed to control this phytopathogen, such as the cultural, biological, and chemical controls, the latter being the most widely used in the agricultural sector. The treatment of this fungus through systemic fungicides, although practical, brings problems because the agrochemical agents used have shown mutagenic effects on the fungus, increasing the pathogen's resistance. The design and the synthesis of novel synthetic antifungal agents used against FOX have been broadly studied in recent years. This review article presents a compendium of the synthetic methodologies during the last ten years as promissory, which can be used to afford novel and potential agrochemical agents. The revision is addressed from the structural core of the most active synthetic compounds against FOX. The synthetic methodologies implemented strategies based on cyclo condensation reactions, radical cyclization, electrocyclic closures, and carbon-carbon couplings by metal-organic catalysis. This revision contributes significantly to the organic chemistry, supplying novel alternatives for the use of more effective agrochemical agents against F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Quiroga
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Campus Nueva Granada, Universidad Militar, Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia; (P.B.-M.); (F.O.)
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