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Tong H, Omar MAA, Wang Y, Li M, Li Z, Li Z, Ao Y, Wang Y, Jiang M, Li F. Essential roles of histone lysine methyltransferases EZH2 and EHMT1 in male embryo development of Phenacoccus solenopsis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1021. [PMID: 39164404 PMCID: PMC11336100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Paternal genome elimination (PGE) is an intriguing but poorly understood reproductive strategy in which females are typically diploid, but males lose paternal genomes. Paternal genome heterochromatin (PGH) occurs in arthropods with germline PGE, such as the mealybug, coffee borer beetles, and booklice. Here, we present evidence that PGH initially occurs during early embryo development at around 15 h post-mating (hpm) in the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Transcriptome analysis followed by qPCR validation indicated that six histone lysine methyltransferase (KMT) genes are predominantly expressed in adult females. We knocked down these five genes through dsRNA microinjection. We found that downregulation of two KMT genes, PsEZH2-X1 and PsEHMT1, resulted in a decrease of heterochromatin-related methylations, including H3K27me1, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3 in the ovaries, fewer PGH male embryos, and reduced male offspring. For further confirmation, we obtained two strains of transgenic tobacco highly expressing dsRNA targeting PsEZH2-X1 and PsEHMT1, respectively. Similarly, fewer PGH embryos and fewer male offspring were observed when feeding on these transgenic tobacco plants. Overall, we present evidence that PsEZH2-X1 and PsEHMT1 have essential roles in male embryo survival by regulating PGH formation in cotton mealybugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mohamed A A Omar
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yuan Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Molecular Species Delimitation Using COI Barcodes of Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Coffee Plants in Espírito Santo, Brazil. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mealybugs are insects belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. This family includes many plant-pest species with similar morphologies, which may lead to errors in mealybug identification and delimitation. In the present study, we employed molecular-species-delimitation approaches based on distance (ASAP) and coalescence (GMYC and mPTP) methods to identify mealybugs collected from coffee and other plant hosts in the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Pernambuco, Brazil. We obtained 171 new COI sequences, and 565 from the BOLD Systems database, representing 26 candidate species of Pseudococcidae. The MOTUs estimated were not congruent across different methods (ASAP-25; GMYC-30; mPTP-22). Misidentifications were revealed in the sequences from the BOLD Systems database involving Phenacoccus solani × Ph. solenopsis, Ph. tucumanus × Ph. baccharidis, and Planacoccus citri × Pl. minor species. Ten mealybug species were collected from coffee plants in Espírito Santo. Due to the incorrect labeling of the species sequences, the COI barcode library of the dataset from the database needs to be carefully analyzed to avoid the misidentification of species. The systematics and taxonomy of mealybugs may be improved by integrative taxonomy which may facilitate the integrated pest management of these pests.
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Kohli S, Gulati P, Narang A, Maini J, Shamsudheen KV, Pandey R, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Brahmachari V. Genome and transcriptome analysis of the mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus: Correlation with its unique phenotypes. Genomics 2021; 113:2483-2494. [PMID: 34022346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mealybugs are aggressive pests with world-wide distribution and are suitable for the study of different phenomena like genomic imprinting and epigenetics. Genomic approaches facilitate these studies in absence of robust genetics in this system. We sequenced, de novo assembled, annotated Maconellicoccus hirsutus genome. We carried out comparative genomics it with four mealybug and eight other insect species, to identify expanded, specific and contracted gene classes that relate to pesticide and desiccation resistance. We identified horizontally transferred genes adding to the mutualism between the mealybug and its endosymbionts. Male and female transcriptome analysis indicates differential expression of metabolic pathway genes correlating with their physiology and the genes for sexual dimorphism. The significantly lower expression of endosymbiont genes in males relates to the depletion of endosymbionts in males during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kohli
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Parul Gulati
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Narang
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Jayant Maini
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - K V Shamsudheen
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Vani Brahmachari
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Li M, Tong H, Wang S, Ye W, Li Z, Omar MAA, Ao Y, Ding S, Li Z, Wang Y, Yin C, Zhao X, He K, Liu F, Chen X, Mei Y, Walters JR, Jiang M, Li F. A chromosome-level genome assembly provides new insights into paternal genome elimination in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1733-1747. [PMID: 33460249 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are economically important agricultural pests with several compelling biological phenomena including paternal genome elimination (PGE). However, limited high-quality genome assemblies of mealybugs hinder a full understanding of this striking and unusual biological phenomenon. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, by combining Illumina short reads, PacBio long reads and Hi-C scaffolding. The assembled genome was 292.54 Mb with a contig N50 of 489.8 kb and a scaffold N50 of 49.0 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 84.42% of the bases to five chromosomes. A total of 110.75 Mb (37.9%) repeat sequences and 11,880 protein-coding genes were predicted. The completeness of the genome assembly was estimated to be 95.5% based on BUSCO genes. In addition, 27,086 (95.3%) full-length PacBio transcripts were uniquely mapped to the assembled scaffolds, suggesting the high quality of the genome assembly. We showed that cotton mealybugs lack differentiated sex chromosomes by analysing genome resequencing data of males and females. DAPI staining confirmed that one chromosome set in males becomes heterochromatin at an early embryo stage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with sequencing analysis demonstrated that the epigenetic modifications H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 are distributed across the whole genome in males, suggesting that these two modifications might be involved in maintaining heterochromatin status. Both markers were more likely to be distributed in repeat regions, while H3K27me3 had higher overall enrichment. Our results provide a valuable genomic resource and shed new light on the genomic and epigenetic basis of PGE in cotton mealybugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Tong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Technical Centre for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyi Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A A Omar
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yan Ao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simin Ding
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanlin Yin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiling Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Mei
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James R Walters
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mingxing Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Omar MAA, Ao Y, Li M, He K, Xu L, Tong H, Jiang M, Li F. The functional difference of eight chitinase genes between male and female of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:550-567. [PMID: 30739379 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous insect that attacks tens of plant and causes substantial economic loss. Insect chitinases are required to remove the old cuticle to allow for continued growth and development. Though insect chitinases have been well studied in tens of insects, their functions in mealybug are still not addressed. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of adult males and females, from which eight chitinase genes were identified. We then used the method of rapid amplification of cDNA ends to amplify their full length. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes clustered into five subgroups. Among which, group II PsCht2 had the longest transcript and was highly expressed at second instar nymph. PsCht10, PsCht3-3 and PsIDGF were highly expressed in the adult females, whereas PsCht4 and PsCht4-1 were significantly expressed at the male pupa and adult male. Next, we knocked down all eight chitinase genes by feeding the double-stranded RNA. Knockdown of PsCht4 or PsCht4-1 led to the failure of moult and, silencing PsCht5 resulted in pupation defect, while silencing PsCht10 led to small body size, suggesting these genes have essential roles in development and can be used as a potential target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Omar
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Y Ao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - K He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Tong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - F Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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