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Eggers EJ, Su Y, van der Poel E, Flipsen M, de Vries ME, Bachem CWB, Visser RGF, Lindhout P. Identification, Elucidation and Deployment of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System for Hybrid Potato. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38927327 PMCID: PMC11200408 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding rely on the production of inbred lines using the S-locus inhibitor (Sli) gene. As a result of this method, female parent lines are self-fertile and require emasculation before hybrid seed production. The resulting F1 hybrids are self-fertile as well and produce many undesirable berries in the field. Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility would eliminate the need for emasculation, resulting in more efficient hybrid seed production and male sterile F1 hybrids. We observed plants that completely lacked anthers in an F2 population derived from an interspecific cross between diploid S. tuberosum and S. microdontum. We studied the antherless trait to determine its suitability for use in hybrid potato breeding. We mapped the causal locus to the short arm of Chromosome 6, developed KASP markers for the antherless (al) locus and introduced it into lines with T and A cytoplasm. We found that antherless type male sterility is not expressed in T and A cytoplasm, proving that it is a form of CMS. We hybridized male sterile al/al plants with P cytoplasm with pollen from al/al plants with T and A cytoplasm and we show that the resulting hybrids set significantly fewer berries in the field. Here, we show that the antherless CMS system can be readily deployed in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding to improve hybridization efficiency and reduce berry set in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst-Jan Eggers
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Su
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
| | - Esmee van der Poel
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Martijn Flipsen
- Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian W. B. Bachem
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Pim Lindhout
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
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Hojsgaard D, Nagel M, Feingold SE, Massa GA, Bradshaw JE. New Frontiers in Potato Breeding: Tinkering with Reproductive Genes and Apomixis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38927018 PMCID: PMC11202281 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is the most important non-cereal crop worldwide, and, yet, genetic gains in potato have been traditionally delayed by the crop's biology, mostly the genetic heterozygosity of autotetraploid cultivars and the intricacies of the reproductive system. Novel site-directed genetic modification techniques provide opportunities for designing climate-smart cultivars, but they also pose new possibilities (and challenges) for breeding potato. As potato species show a remarkable reproductive diversity, and their ovules have a propensity to develop apomixis-like phenotypes, tinkering with reproductive genes in potato is opening new frontiers in potato breeding. Developing diploid varieties instead of tetraploid ones has been proposed as an alternative way to fill the gap in genetic gain, that is being achieved by using gene-edited self-compatible genotypes and inbred lines to exploit hybrid seed technology. In a similar way, modulating the formation of unreduced gametes and synthesizing apomixis in diploid or tetraploid potatoes may help to reinforce the transition to a diploid hybrid crop or enhance introgression schemes and fix highly heterozygous genotypes in tetraploid varieties. In any case, the induction of apomixis-like phenotypes will shorten the time and costs of developing new varieties by allowing the multi-generational propagation through true seeds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on potato reproductive phenotypes and underlying genes, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using potato's natural variability to modulate reproductive steps during seed formation, and consider strategies to synthesize apomixis. However, before we can fully modulate the reproductive phenotypes, we need to understand the genetic basis of such diversity. Finally, we visualize an active, central role for genebanks in this endeavor by phenotyping properly genotyped genebank accessions and new introductions to provide scientists and breeders with reliable data and resources for developing innovations to exploit market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hojsgaard
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Sergio E. Feingold
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Gabriela A. Massa
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce B7620, Argentina
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Yang F, Vincis Pereira Sanglard L, Lee CP, Ströher E, Singh S, Oh GGK, Millar AH, Small I, Colas des Francs-Small C. Mitochondrial atp1 mRNA knockdown by a custom-designed pentatricopeptide repeat protein alters ATP synthase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2631-2647. [PMID: 38206203 PMCID: PMC10980415 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations are rare in mitochondria and the lack of mitochondrial transformation methods has hindered genetic analyses. We show that a custom-designed RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein binds and specifically induces cleavage of ATP synthase subunit1 (atp1) mRNA in mitochondria, significantly decreasing the abundance of the Atp1 protein and the assembled F1Fo ATP synthase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The transformed plants are characterized by delayed vegetative growth and reduced fertility. Five-fold depletion of Atp1 level was accompanied by a decrease in abundance of other ATP synthase subunits and lowered ATP synthesis rate of isolated mitochondria, but no change to mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, adenylates, or energy charge in planta. Transcripts for amino acid transport and a variety of stress response processes were differentially expressed in lines containing the PPR protein, indicating changes to achieve cellular homeostasis when ATP synthase was highly depleted. Leaves of ATP synthase-depleted lines showed higher respiratory rates and elevated steady-state levels of numerous amino acids, most notably of the serine family. The results show the value of using custom-designed PPR proteins to influence the expression of specific mitochondrial transcripts to carry out reverse genetic studies on mitochondrial gene functions and the consequences of ATP synthase depletion on cellular functions in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Lilian Vincis Pereira Sanglard
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chun-Pong Lee
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elke Ströher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Swati Singh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Glenda Guec Khim Oh
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ian Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine Colas des Francs-Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Gavrilenko T, Chukhina I, Antonova O, Krylova E, Shipilina L, Oskina N, Kostina L. Comparative Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Chilean Cultivated Potato Based on a Molecular Study of Authentic Herbarium Specimens and Present-Day Gene Bank Accessions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:174. [PMID: 36616303 PMCID: PMC9823414 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the 1920s, Vavilov organized several potato-collecting missions in South and Central America. Vavilov and his colleagues, Juzepczuk and Bukasov, participated in these expeditions and worked on gathered material, designated two centers of potato varietal riches and diversity-the Peru-Bolivia high-mountain center and the southern coast of Chile. The WIR Herbarium holds authentic specimens of many taxa described by Russian taxonomists. Here, a set of 20 plastid DNA-specific markers was applied for 49 authentic herbarium specimens of Solanum tuberosum L. from the WIR Herbarium to analyze the genetic diversity of the landrace population collected by Juzepczuk in 1928 in southern-central Chile. Two plastid DNA types, T and A, and two chlorotypes were identified in herbarium specimens, with a clear predominance (96%) of chlorotype cpT_III. In addition, we analyzed 46 living Chilean accessions from the VIR field potato gene bank that were collected after the appearance of Phytophthora infestans in Chile. These living accessions were differentiated into four chlorotypes. Finding a D-type cytoplasm in living Chilean accessions that possess two new chlorotypes indicates a replacement of native cultivars and introgression from the wild Mexican species S. demissum that was actively used in breeding as a source of race-specific resistance to late blight.
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Santayana M, Aponte M, Kante M, Eyzaguirre R, Gastelo M, Lindqvist-Kreuze H. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Incidence in Potato Breeding Populations with Late Blight Resistance and Identification of Breeding Lines with a Potential Fertility Restorer Mechanism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223093. [PMID: 36432822 PMCID: PMC9696232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in potato is a common reproductive issue in late blight breeding programs since resistant sources usually have a wild cytoplasmic background (W or D). Nevertheless, in each breeding cycle male fertile lines have been observed within D- and T-type cytoplasms, indicating the presence of a fertility restorer (Rf) mechanism. Identifying sources of Rf and complete male sterility to implement a CMS-Rf system in potato is important since hybrid breeding is a feasible breeding strategy for potato. The objective of this study was to identify male fertile breeding lines and potential Rf candidate lines in the CIP late blight breeding pipeline. We characterized male fertility/sterility-related traits on 142 breeding lines of known cytoplasmic type. We found that pollen viability is not a reliable estimate of male sterility in diverse backgrounds. Breeding lines of the T-type cytoplasmic group had higher levels of male fertility than breeding lines of the D-type cytoplasmic group. With the help of pedigree records, reproductive traits evaluations and test crosses with female clones of diverse background, we identified four male parental lines segregating for Rf and three female parental lines that generated 100% male sterile progeny. These identified lines and generated test cross progenies will be valuable to develop validation populations for mitochondrial or nuclear markers for the CMS trait and for dihaploid generation of Rf+ lines that can be later employed in diploid hybrid breeding.
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Anisimova IN. Structural and Functional Organization of Genes That Induce and Suppress Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plants. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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What Does the Molecular Genetics of Different Types of Restorer-of-Fertility Genes Imply? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030361. [PMID: 32182978 PMCID: PMC7154926 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely used trait for hybrid seed production. Although male sterility is caused by S cytoplasm (male-sterility inducing mitochondria), the action of S cytoplasm is suppressed by restorer-of-fertility (Rf), a nuclear gene. Hence, the genetics of Rf has attained particular interest among plant breeders. The genetic model posits Rf diversity in which an Rf specifically suppresses the cognate S cytoplasm. Molecular analysis of Rf loci in plants has identified various genes; however, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein (a specific type of RNA-binding protein) is so prominent as the Rf-gene product that Rfs have been categorized into two classes, PPR and non-PPR. In contrast, several shared features between PPR- and some non-PPR Rfs are apparent, suggesting the possibility of another grouping. Our present focus is to group Rfs by molecular genetic classes other than the presence of PPRs. We propose three categories that define partially overlapping groups of Rfs: association with post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial gene expression, resistance gene-like copy number variation at the locus, and lack of a direct link to S-orf (a mitochondrial ORF associated with CMS). These groups appear to reflect their own evolutionary background and their mechanism of conferring S cytoplasm specificity.
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Gavrilenko ТA, Klimenko NS, Alpatieva NV, Kostina LI, Lebedeva VA, Evdokimova ZZ, Apalikova OV, Novikova LY, Antonova OY. Cytoplasmic genetic diversity of potato varieties bred in Russia and FSU countries. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Т. A. Gavrilenko
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State University
| | - N. S. Klimenko
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - N. V. Alpatieva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - L. I. Kostina
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - V. A. Lebedeva
- Leningrad Research Institute for Applied Agricultural Science (Belogorka)
| | - Z. Z. Evdokimova
- Leningrad Research Institute for Applied Agricultural Science (Belogorka)
| | - O. V. Apalikova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - L. Y. Novikova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - O. Yu. Antonova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
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