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Vagurmekar PA, Ferreira AM, Vaz FS, Shah HK, Dias AS, Kulkarni MS. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adults in urban Goa. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2023; 36:401-404. [PMID: 38909310 DOI: 10.25259/nmji_37_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Ankur Vagurmekar
- Department of Community Medicine, ART Centre, Goa AIDS, Control Society, Directorate of Health Services, South Goa District Hospital, Margao, GOA, India
| | | | - Frederick Satiro Vaz
- Department of Community Medicine, Goa Medical College, Bambolim 403202, Goa, India
| | | | - Amit Savio Dias
- Department of Community Medicine, Goa Medical College, Bambolim 403202, Goa, India
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Wu P, Liang S, He Y, Lv R, Yang B, Wang M, Wang C, Li Y, Song X, Sun W. Network pharmacology analysis to explore mechanism of three flower tea against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with experimental support using high-fat diet-induced rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:273-282. [PMID: 36117665 PMCID: PMC9476824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common chronic liver disease that is harmful to human health. Moreover, there is currently no FDA-approved first-line drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or NAFLD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to ameliorate liver diseases, such as the traditional ancient recipe called Three Flower Tea (TFT), which consists of double rose (Rosa rugosa), white chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), and Daidaihua (Citrus aurantium). However, the mechanisms of the action of TFT are not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of TFT against NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rats. Methods This study utilized bioinformatics and network pharmacology to establish the active and potential ingredient-target networks of TFT. Furthermore, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and enrichment analysis was performed to determine the key targets of TFT against NAFLD. Furthermore, an animal experiment was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect and confirm the key targets of TFT against NAFLD. Results A total of 576 NAFLD-related genes were searched in GeneCards, and under the screening criteria of oral bioavailability (OB) ≥30% and drug-likeness (DL) ≥0.18, a total of 19 active ingredients and 210 targets were identified in TFT. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that 55 matching targets in PPIs were closely associated with roles for NAFLD treatment. Through the evaluation of network topology parameters, four key central genes, PPARγ, SREBP, AKT, and RELA, were identified. Furthermore, animal experiments indicated that TFT could reduce plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid profiles and hepatic fat accumulation, improve liver function, suppress inflammatory factors, and reduce oxidative stress. Through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis, PPARγ, SREBP, AKT, and RELA were confirmed as targets of TFT in HFD-induced rats. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that TFT can prevent and treat NAFLD via multiple targets, including lipid accumulation, antioxidation, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yanping He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Bendong Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Shandong Tianyin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Qi H, Hu C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Du R, Zhang J, Lin L, Wang T, Zhao Z, Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, Bi Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Lu J. Early life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:2694-2705. [PMID: 32558201 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to famine and adulthood obesity increased the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. However, the joint effects on adulthood NAFLD risk are not clear. AIM This study aimed to explore the joint effects of famine exposure and adulthood obesity on NAFLD risk in later life. METHODS We included 7632 subjects aged ≥40 years from a community-dwelling population. Participants were divided into 4 famine exposure groups according to the birth year, including nonexposed (1963-1974), fetal-exposed (1959-1962), childhood-exposed (1949-1958) and adolescent-exposed (1941-1948). General obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI: overweight ≥24.0 kg/m2 , obesity ≥28.0 kg/m2 ) and abdominal obesity assessed by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, men/women: moderate ≥0.90/0.85, high ≥0.95/0.90). RESULTS Compared with nonexposed, fetal- and childhood-exposed participants show an increased risk of NAFLD with multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.28 (1.02-1.61) and 1.40 (1.04-1.88) respectively. After further adjusting BMI and WHR, the increased risk was observed only in childhood-exposed participants (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04-2.05). Significant interaction between famine exposure and general obesity on the risk of NAFLD was observed in women (P for interaction = .02). No significant interactions were detected between famine exposure and abdominal obesity (all P for interaction >.05). Compared with normal-BMI and -WHR participants, those with both general and abdominal obesity in adulthood had 20.74 (95% CI: 12.00-35.96), 14.45 (8.76-23.86), 23.02 (16.28-32.57) and 13.04 (8.30-20.48)-fold higher risk in nonexposed, fetal-, childhood- and adolescent-exposed groups respectively. CONCLUSION Coexistence of early life famine exposure and adulthood obesity was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Du
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of endocrine and metabolic diseases, Rui Jin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of endocrine and metabolic diseases, Rui Jin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of endocrine and metabolic diseases, Rui Jin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Prolonged Lipid Accumulation in Cultured Primary Human Hepatocytes Rather Leads to ER Stress than Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197097. [PMID: 32993055 PMCID: PMC7582586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight has become a major health care problem in Western societies and is accompanied by an increasing incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The progression from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) marks a crucial tipping point in the progression of severe and irreversible liver diseases. This study aims to gain further insight into the molecular processes leading to the evolution from steatosis to steatohepatitis. Steatosis was induced in cultures of primary human hepatocytes by continuous five-day exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs). The kinetics of lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity, and oxidative stress were measured. Additionally, ER stress was evaluated by analyzing the protein expression profiles of its key players: PERK, IRE1a, and ATF6a. Our data revealed that hepatocytes are capable of storing enormous amounts of lipids without showing signs of lipotoxicity. Prolonged lipid accumulation did not create an imbalance in hepatocyte redox homeostasis or a reduction in antioxidative capacity. However, we observed an FFA-dependent increase in ER stress, revealing thresholds for triggering the activation of pathways associated with lipid stress, inhibition of protein translation, and apoptosis. Our study clearly showed that even severe lipid accumulation can be attenuated by cellular defenses, but regenerative capacities may be reduced.
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Kumar R, Priyadarshi RN, Anand U. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:76-86. [PMID: 32274348 PMCID: PMC7132013 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis and heterogenous clinical manifestations. NAFLD, once believed to be an innocuous condition, has now become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries worldwide. NAFLD is already highly prevalent in the general population, and owing to a rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the incidence of NAFLD and its impact on global healthcare are expected to increase in the future. A subset of patients with NAFLD develops progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. NAFLD has emerged as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years. Moreover, HCC can occur in NAFLD even in absence of cirrhosis. Compared with the general population, NAFLD increases the risk of liver-related, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. NAFLD is bidirectionally associated with metabolic syndrome. NAFLD increases the risk and contributes to aggravation of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, NAFLD is linked to colorectal polyps, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis, obstructive sleep apnea, stroke, and various extrahepatic malignancies. Extended resection of steatotic liver is associated with increased risk of liver failure and mortality. There is an increasing trend of NAFLD-related cirrhosis requiring liver transplantation, and the recurrence of NAFLD in such patients is almost universal. This review discusses the growing burden of NAFLD, its outcomes, and adverse associations with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
- *Correspondence to: Ramesh Kumar, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 4th floor, OPD Block, Patna 801507, India. Tel: +91-7765803112, E-mail:
| | | | - Utpal Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Volatile Oil of Amomum villosum Inhibits Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Liver Axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3589874. [PMID: 30112382 PMCID: PMC6077613 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3589874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The dried mature fruit of Amomum villosum has been historically used in China as food and in the auxiliary treatment of digestive system disorders. Numerous studies have shown that gastrointestinal function is closely related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the “gut-liver” axis. Objective The present study aimed to explore whether the mechanism underlying the regulation of lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may affect related disorders using the active ingredients in A. villosum. Design Male Sprague-Dawley rats on a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD were administered water extract of A. villosum (WEAV), volatile oil of A. villosum (VOAV), or bornyl acetate. After treatment, serum and liver total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured. The regulatory role of A. villosum in the microecology of the intestines was assessed using the V4 region of the 16S rDNA sequencing. The expression of the intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 was also measured. The influence of A. villosum on TLR4-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation was evaluated based on the concentrations of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-кB signaling pathway. Results. A. villosum effectively inhibited endogenous lipid synthesis, reduced TG, TC, and FFA accumulation, regulated the expression of LDL-C, and decreased lipid accumulation in liver tissues. VOAV effectively regulated the intestinal microflora, improved chronic low-grade inflammation by promoting ZO-1 and occludin protein expressions, and inhibited the TLR4/NF-кB signaling pathway. Conclusion The present study provides scientific basis for the potential application of A. villosum in NAFLD prevention and treatment. Additional chemical constituents other than bornyl acetate also contributed to the preventive effects of A. villosum on NAFLD.
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McCarty TR, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Lange A, Haque L, Njei B. Impact of bariatric surgery on outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis, 2004-2012. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 14:74-80. [PMID: 29055669 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery in eligible morbidly obese individuals may improve liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; however, population-based data on the clinical benefits of bariatric surgery in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lacking. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between bariatric surgery and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with NAFLD. SETTING United States inpatient care database. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2004 to 2012 with co-diagnoses of NAFLD and morbid obesity. Hospitalizations with a history of prior bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric band, and sleeve gastrectomy) were also identified. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure. Poisson regression was used to derive adjusted incidence risk ratios for clinical outcomes in patients with prior bariatric surgery compared with those without bariatric surgery. RESULTS Among 45,462 patients with a discharge diagnosis of NAFLD and morbid obesity, 18,618 patients (41.0%) had prior bariatric surgery. There was a downward trend in bariatric surgery procedures (percent annual change of -5.94% from 2004 to 2012). In a multivariable analysis, prior bariatric surgery was associated with decreased inpatient mortality compared with no bariatric surgery (incidence risk ratios = .08; 95% confidence interval, .03-.20, P<.001). Prior bariatric surgery was also associated with decreased incidence risk ratios for cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure (all P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Prior bariatric surgery is associated with decreased in-hospital morbidity and mortality in morbidly obese NAFLD patients. Despite this, the proportion of NAFLD patients with bariatric surgery has declined from 2004 to 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R McCarty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lamia Haque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Basile Njei
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Investigative Medicine Program, Yale Center of Clinical Investigation, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Wang X, Meng Y, Zhang J. Ezetimibe alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the miR-16 inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have indicated the role of ezetimibe, miR-16 and mTOR signaling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Yunbing Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- China
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