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Dutta D, Ray P, De A, Ghosh A, Hazra RS, Ghosh P, Banerjee S, Diaz FJ, Upadhyay SP, Quadir M, Banerjee SK. pH-responsive targeted nanoparticles release ERK-inhibitor in the hypoxic zone and sensitize free gemcitabine in mutant K-Ras-addicted pancreatic cancer cells and mouse model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297749. [PMID: 38687749 PMCID: PMC11060587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for managing Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest types of aggressive malignancies, are limited and disappointing. Therefore, despite suboptimal clinical effects, gemcitabine (GEM) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug in the clinic for PDAC treatment. The therapeutic limitations of GEM are primarily due to poor bioavailability and the development of chemoresistance resulting from the addiction of mutant-K-RAS/AKT/ERK signaling-mediated desmoplastic barriers with a hypoxic microenvironment. Several new therapeutic approaches, including nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery, are being investigated by us and others. This study used pH-responsive nanoparticles encapsulated ERK inhibitor (SCH772984) and surface functionalized with tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD, to target PDAC tumors. We used a small molecule, SCH772984, to target ERK1 and ERK2 in PDAC and other cancer cells. This nanocarrier efficiently released ERKi in hypoxic and low-pH environments. We also found that the free-GEM, which is functionally weak when combined with nanoencapsulated ERKi, led to significant synergistic treatment outcomes in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the combination approaches significantly enhanced the GEM effect in PDAC growth inhibition and prolonged survival of the animals in a genetically engineered KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+/LSL-Trp53R172H/+/Pdx-1-Cre) pancreatic cancer mouse model, which is not observed in a single therapy. Mechanistically, we anticipate that the GEM efficacy was increased as ERKi blocks desmoplasia by impairing the production of desmoplastic regulatory factors in PDAC cells and KPC mouse tumors. Therefore, 2nd generation ERKi (SCH 772984)-iRGD-pHNPs are vital for the cellular response to GEM and denote a promising therapeutic target in PDAC with mutant K-RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Archana De
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Pratyusha Ghosh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. Diaz
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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2
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Banerjee S, Ansari AA, Upadhyay SP, Mettman DJ, Hibdon JR, Quadir M, Ghosh P, Kambhampati A, Banerjee SK. Benefits and Pitfalls of a Glycosylation Inhibitor Tunicamycin in the Therapeutic Implication of Cancers. Cells 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38474359 PMCID: PMC10930662 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer progression and chemoresistance. It is also an immune therapeutic target for various cancers. Tunicamycin (TM) is one of the potent nucleoside antibiotics and an inhibitor of aberrant glycosylation in various cancer cells, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer, parallel with the inhibition of cancer cell growth and progression of tumors. Like chemotherapies such as doxorubicin (DOX), 5'fluorouracil, etoposide, and cisplatin, TM induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) by blocking aberrant glycosylation. Consequently, stress is induced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promotes apoptosis. TM can thus be considered a potent antitumor drug in various cancers and may promote chemosensitivity. However, its lack of cell-type-specific cytotoxicity impedes its anticancer efficacy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of TM therapies in various cancers, including breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and discuss the mechanisms identified by which TM functions. Finally, we discuss the potential use of nano-based drug delivery systems to overcome non-specific toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TM as a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Affan A. Ansari
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniel J. Mettman
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Pathology Department, City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Jamie R. Hibdon
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (M.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Pratyusha Ghosh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (M.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Anjali Kambhampati
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Yeger H. CCN proteins: opportunities for clinical studies-a personal perspective. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y. [PMID: 37195381 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse members of the CCN family now designated as CCN1(CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3(NOV), CCN4(WISP1), CCN5(WISP2), CCN6(WISP3) are a conserved matricellular family of proteins exhibiting a spectrum of functional properties throughout all organs in the body. Interaction with cell membrane receptors such as integrins trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Proteolytically cleaved fragments (constituting the active domains) can be transported to the nucleus and perform transcriptional relevant functional activities. Notably, as also found in other protein families some members act opposite to others creating a system of functionally relevant checks and balances. It has become apparent that these proteins are secreted into the circulation, are quantifiable, and can serve as disease biomarkers. How they might also serve as homeostatic regulators is just becoming appreciated. In this review I have attempted to highlight the most recent evidence under the subcategories of cancer and non-cancer relevant that could lead to potential therapeutic approaches or ideas that can be factored into clinical advances. I have added my own personal perspective on feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, SickKids, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Birkeness LB, Banerjee S, Quadir M, Banerjee SK. The role of CCNs in controlling cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:35-45. [PMID: 35674933 PMCID: PMC10030743 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cellular communication network (CCN) family of growth regulatory factors comprises six secreted matricellular proteins that promote signal transduction through cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction. The diversity of functionality between each protein is specific to the many aspects of healthy and cancer biology. For example, CCN family proteins modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasiveness, apoptosis, and survival. In addition, the expression of each protein regulates many biological and pathobiological processes within its microenvironment to regulate angiogenesis, inflammatory response, chondrogenesis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial integrity. The collective range of CCN operation remains fully comprehended; however, understanding each protein's microenvironment may draw more conclusions about the abundance of interactions and signaling cascades occurring within such issues. This review observes and distinguishes the various roles a CCN protein may execute within distinct tumor microenvironments and the biological associations among them. Finally. We also review how CCN-family proteins can be used in nano-based therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Birkeness
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66106, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66106, USA.
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5
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Li W, Li T, Sun C, Du Y, Chen L, Du C, Shi J, Wang W. Identification and prognostic analysis of biomarkers to predict the progression of pancreatic cancer patients. Mol Med 2022; 28:43. [PMID: 35428170 PMCID: PMC9013045 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only "curative" treatment. However, only a minority of patients with PC can obtain surgery. Improving the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with PC is still a major challenge. Molecular biomarkers are a significant approach for diagnostic and predictive use in PCs. Several prediction models have been developed for patients newly diagnosed with PC that is operable or patients with advanced and metastatic PC; however, these models require further validation. Therefore, precise biomarkers are urgently required to increase the efficiency of predicting a disease-free survival (DFS), OS, and sensitivity to immunotherapy in PC patients and to improve the prognosis of PC. METHODS In the present study, we first evaluated the highly and selectively expressed targets in PC, using the GeoMxTM Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) and then, we analyzed the roles of these targets in PCs using TCGA database. RESULTS LAMB3, FN1, KRT17, KRT19, and ANXA1 were defined as the top five upregulated targets in PC compared with paracancer. The TCGA database results confirmed the expression pattern of LAMB3, FN1, KRT17, KRT19, and ANXA1 in PCs. Significantly, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 but not KRT17 can be considered as biomarkers for survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, and risk model analysis. Furthermore, in combination, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 predict the DFS and, in combination, LAMB3, KRT19, and ANXA1 predict the OS. Immunotherapy is significant for PCs that are inoperable. The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) analysis indicated that higher expressions of FN1 or ANXA1 are correlated with lower ICB response. In contrast, there are no significant differences in the ICB response between high and low expression of LAMB3 and KRT19. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 are good predictors of PC prognosis. Furthermore, FN1 and ANXA1 can be predictors of immunotherapy in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chenguang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Linna Chen
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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6
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Yeger H, Perbal B. The CCN axis in cancer development and progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:491-517. [PMID: 33877533 PMCID: PMC8642525 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the authors first reviewed this subject in 2016 significant progress has been documented in the CCN field with advances made in the understanding of how members of the CCN family of proteins, CCN1-6, contribute to the pathogenesis and progression, positive and negative, of a larger variety of cancers. As termed matricellular proteins, and more recently the connective communication network, it has become clearer that members of the CCN family interact complexly with other proteins in the extracellular microenvironment, membrane signaling proteins, and can also operate intracellularly at the transcriptional level. In this review we expand on this earlier information providing new detailed information and insights that appropriate a much greater involvement and importance of their role in multiple aspects of cancer. Despite all the new information many more questions have been raised and intriguing results generated that warrant greater investigation. In order to permit the reader to smoothly integrate the new information we discuss all relevant CCN members in the context of cancer subtypes. We have harmonized the nomenclature with CCN numbering for easier comparisons. Finally, we summarize what new has been learned and provide a perspective on how our knowledge about CCN1-6 is being used to drive new initiatives on cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Research Institute, SickKids, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Leask A. Conjunction junction, what's the function? CCN proteins as targets in fibrosis and cancers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1046-C1054. [PMID: 32130070 PMCID: PMC7311738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication network (CCN) proteins are matricellular proteins that coordinate signaling among extracellular matrix, secreted proteins, and cell surface receptors. Their specific in vivo function is context-dependent, but they play profound roles in pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and cancers. Anti-CCN therapies are in clinical consideration. Only recently, however, has the function of these complex molecules begun to emerge. This review summarizes and interprets our current knowledge regarding these fascinating molecules and provides experimental evidence for their utility as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- School of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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8
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CCN-Based Therapeutic Peptides Modify Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment and Decrease Tumor Growth in Combination with Chemotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040952. [PMID: 32294968 PMCID: PMC7226963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a determinant factor in tumor progression and a major barrier to the access of chemotherapy. The PDAC microenvironment therefore appears to be a promising therapeutic target. CCN2/CTGF is a profibrotic matricellular protein, highly present in the PDAC microenvironment and associated with disease progression. Here we have investigated the therapeutic value of the CCN2-targeting BLR100 and BLR200, two modified synthetic peptides derived from active regions of CCN3, an endogenous inhibitor of CCN2. In a murine orthotopic PDAC model, the two peptides, administered as monotherapy at low doses (approximating physiological levels of CCN3), had tumor inhibitory activity that increased with the dose. The peptides affected the tumor microenvironment, inhibiting fibrosis and vessel formation and reducing necrosis. Both peptides were active in preventing ascites formation. An increased activity was obtained in combination regimens, administering BLR100 or BLR200 with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the improved activity of the combination was not mainly determined by the substantial increase in gemcitabine delivery to tumors, suggesting other effects on the tumor microenvironment. The beneficial remodeling of the tumor stroma supports the potential value of these CCN3-derived peptides for targeting pathways regulated by CCN2 in PDAC.
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9
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Gupta V, Bhavanasi S, Quadir M, Singh K, Ghosh G, Vasamreddy K, Ghosh A, Siahaan TJ, Banerjee S, Banerjee SK. Protein PEGylation for cancer therapy: bench to bedside. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:319-330. [PMID: 30499020 PMCID: PMC6732144 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylation is a biochemical modification process of bioactive molecules with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which lends several desirable properties to proteins/peptides, antibodies, and vesicles considered to be used for therapy or genetic modification of cells. However, PEGylation of proteins is a complex process and can be carried out using more than one strategy that depends on the nature of the protein and the desired application. Proteins of interest are covalently conjugated or non-covalently complexed with inert PEG strings. Purification of PEGylated protein is another critical step, which is mainly carried out based on electrostatic interactions or molecular sizes using chromatography. Several PEGylated drugs are being used for diseases like anemia, kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, hemophilia and cancers. With the advancement and increased specificity of the PEGylation process, the world of drug therapy, and specifically cancer therapy could benefit by utilizing this technique to create more stable and non-immunogenic therapies. In this article we describe the structure and functions of PEGylation and how this chemistry helps in drug discovery. Moreover, special emphasis has been given to CCN-family proteins that can be targeted or used as therapy to prevent or block cancer progression through PEGylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalaxmi Gupta
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Sneha Bhavanasi
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Kevin Singh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Gaurav Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Kritin Vasamreddy
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- School of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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10
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Cyr61/CCN1 targets for chemosensitization in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3579-3580. [PMID: 31217893 PMCID: PMC6557211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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11
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Maity G, Ghosh A, Gupta V, Haque I, Sarkar S, Das A, Dhar K, Bhavanasi S, Gunewardena SS, Von Hoff DD, Mallik S, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK, Banerjee S. CYR61/CCN1 Regulates dCK and CTGF and Causes Gemcitabine-resistant Phenotype in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:788-800. [PMID: 30787177 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops extrinsic- and intrinsic-resistant phenotypes to prevent chemotherapies from entering into the cells by promoting desmoplastic reactions (DR) and metabolic malfunctions of the drugs. It is well established that these responses are also associated with pancreatic cancer cells' gemcitabine resistance. However, the mechanism by which these resistant pathways function in the pancreatic cancer cells remains poorly understood. In these studies, we show that CYR61/CCN1 signaling plays a vital role in making pancreatic cancer cells resistant to gemcitabine in vitro and also in a tumor xenograft model. We proved that the catastrophic effect of gemcitabine could significantly be increased in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells when CYR61/CCN1 is depleted, while this effect can be suppressed in gemcitabine-sensitive neoplastic cells by treating them with CYR61/CCN1 recombinant protein. Ironically, nontransformed pancreatic cells, which are sensitive to gemcitabine, cannot be resistant to gemcitabine by CYR61/CCN1 protein treatment, showing a unique feature of CYR61/CCN signaling that only influences PDAC cells to become resistant. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CYR61/CCN1 suppresses the expression of the gemcitabine-activating enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) while it induces the expression of a DR-promoting factor CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo Thus, the previously described mechanisms (dCK and CTGF pathways) for gemcitabine resistance may be two novel targets for CYR61/CCN1 to protect pancreatic cancer cells from gemcitabine. Collectively, these studies reveal a novel paradigm in which CYR61/CCN1regulates both extrinsic and intrinsic gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells by employing unique signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Maity
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Vijayalaxmi Gupta
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sandipto Sarkar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amlan Das
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kakali Dhar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sneha Bhavanasi
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sumedha S Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Suman Kambhampati
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center at HCA Midwest Health, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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12
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Maity G, Haque I, Ghosh A, Dhar G, Gupta V, Sarkar S, Azeem I, McGregor D, Choudhary A, Campbell DR, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK, Banerjee S. The MAZ transcription factor is a downstream target of the oncoprotein Cyr61/CCN1 and promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion via CRAF-ERK signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4334-4349. [PMID: 29414775 PMCID: PMC5868262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) is a transcription factor with dual roles in transcription initiation and termination. Deregulation of MAZ expression is associated with the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the mechanism of action of MAZ in PDAC progression is largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that MAZ mRNA expression and protein levels are increased in human PDAC cell lines, tissue samples, a subcutaneous tumor xenograft in a nude mouse model, and spontaneous cancer in the genetically engineered PDAC mouse model. We also found that MAZ is predominantly expressed in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Functional analysis indicated that MAZ depletion in PDAC cells inhibits invasive phenotypes such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and the sphere-forming ability of PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we detected no direct effects of MAZ on the expression of K-Ras mutants, but MAZ increased the activity of CRAF-ERK signaling, a downstream signaling target of K-Ras. The MAZ-induced activation of CRAF-ERK signaling was mediated via p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) and protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) signaling cascades and promoted PDAC cell invasiveness. Moreover, we found that the matricellular oncoprotein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) regulates MAZ expression via Notch-1-sonic hedgehog signaling in PDAC cells. We propose that Cyr61/CCN1-induced expression of MAZ promotes invasive phenotypes of PDAC cells not through direct K-Ras activation but instead through the activation of CRAF-ERK signaling. Collectively, these results highlight key molecular players in PDAC invasiveness and may help inform therapeutic strategies to improve clinical management and outcomes of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Maity
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Inamul Haque
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gopal Dhar
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | - Sandipto Sarkar
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Imaan Azeem
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Douglas McGregor
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
- the Pathology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Abhishek Choudhary
- the Gastroenterology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Donald R Campbell
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the University of Missouri Kansas City and Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, and
| | - Suman Kambhampati
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- the Sarah Cannon Cancer Center at HCA Midwest Health, Kansas City, Missouri 64131
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- From the Cancer Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
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13
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Haque I, Ghosh A, Acup S, Banerjee S, Dhar K, Ray A, Sarkar S, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK. Leptin-induced ER-α-positive breast cancer cell viability and migration is mediated by suppressing CCN5-signaling via activating JAK/AKT/STAT-pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:99. [PMID: 29370782 PMCID: PMC5785848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-3993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In menopausal women, one of the critical risk factors for breast cancer is obesity/adiposity. It is evident from various studies that leptin, a 16 kDa protein hormone overproduced in obese people, plays the critical role in neovascularization and tumorigenesis in breast and other organs. However, the mechanisms by which obesity influences the breast carcinogenesis remained unclear. In this study, by analyzing different estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)-positive and ER-α-negative BC cell lines, we defined the role of CCN5 in the leptin-mediated regulation of growth and invasive capacity. Methods We analyzed the effect of leptin on cell viability of ER-α-positive MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines and ER-α-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Additionally, we also determined the effect of leptin on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) bio-markers, in vitro invasion and sphere-formation of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines. To understand the mechanism, we determined the impact of leptin on CCN5 expression and the functional role of CCN5 in these cells by the treatment of human recombinant CCN5 protein(hrCCN5). Moreover, we also determined the role of JAK-STAT and AKT in the regulation of leptin-induced suppression of CCN5 in BC cells. Results Present studies demonstrate that leptin can induce cell viability, EMT, sphere-forming ability and migration of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines. Furthermore, these studies found that leptin suppresses the expression of CCN5 at the transcriptional level. Although the CCN5 suppression has no impact on the constitutive proliferation of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells, it is critical for leptin-induced viability and necessary for EMT, induction of in vitro migration and sphere formation, as the hrCCN5 treatment significantly inhibits the leptin-induced viability, EMT, migration and sphere-forming ability of these cells. Mechanistically, CCN5-suppression by leptin is mediated via activating JAK/AKT/STAT-signaling pathways. Conclusions These studies suggest that CCN5 serves as a gatekeeper for leptin-dependent growth and progression of luminal-type (ER-positive) BC cells. Leptin may thus need to destroy the CCN5-barrier to promote BC growth and progression via activating JAK/AKT/STAT signaling. Therefore, these observations suggest a therapeutic potency of CCN5 by restoration or treatment in obese-related luminal-type BC growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Seth Acup
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Cancer Research Unit, Research Division 151, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
| | - Kakali Dhar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Present Address: Syngene International Ltd, Clinical Development, Tower 1, Semicon Park, Phase II, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India.,Present Address: Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies, USA
| | - Amitabha Ray
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Present Address: Syngene International Ltd, Clinical Development, Tower 1, Semicon Park, Phase II, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560100, India.,Present Address: Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies, USA
| | - Sandipto Sarkar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Cancer Research Unit, Research Division 151, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
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14
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Takigawa M. An early history of CCN2/CTGF research: the road to CCN2 via hcs24, ctgf, ecogenin, and regenerin. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:253-264. [PMID: 29076115 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of this historical review is to present the processes by which the different aspects of CCN2/CTGF/Hcs24 were discovered by different groups and how much CCN2/CTGF, by being integrated into CCN family, has contributed to the establishment of the basic concepts regarding the role and functions of this new class of proteins. This review should be particularly useful to new investigators who have recently entered this exciting field of study and also provides a good opportunity to acknowledge the input of those individuals who participated in the development of this scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences (ARCOCS), Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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15
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Sarkar S, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Maity G, Das A, Larson MA, Gupta V, Haque I, Tawfik O, Banerjee SK. CCN5/WISP-2 restores ER-∝ in normal and neoplastic breast cells and sensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e340. [PMID: 28530705 PMCID: PMC5569333 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN5/WISP-2 is an anti-invasive molecule and prevents breast cancer (BC)
progression. However, it is not well understood how CCN5 prevents invasive phenotypes
of BC cells. CCN5 protein expression is detected in estrogen receptor-α
(ER-α) -positive normal breast epithelial cells as well as BC cells, which are
weakly invasive and rarely metastasize depending on the functional status of
ER-α. A unique molecular relation between CCN5 and ER-α has been
established as the components of the same signaling pathway that coordinate some
essential signals associated with the proliferation as well as delaying the disease
progression from a non-invasive to invasive phenotypes. Given the importance of this
connection, we determined the role of CCN5 in regulation of ER-α in different
cellular settings and their functional relationship. In a genetically engineered
mouse model, induced expression of CCN5 in the mammary ductal epithelial cells by
doxycycline promotes ER-α expression. Similarly, CCN5 regulates ER-α
expression and activity in normal and neoplastic breast cells, as documented in
various in vitro settings such as mouse mammary gland culture, human mammary
epithelial cell and different BC cell cultures in the presence or absence of human
recombinant CCN5 (hrCCN5) protein. Mechanistically, at least in the BC cells, CCN5 is
sufficient to induce ER-α expression at the transcription level via interacting
with integrins-α6β1 and suppressing Akt followed by activation of FOXO3a.
Moreover, in vitro and in vivo functional assays indicate that CCN5
treatment promotes response to tamoxifen in triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells possibly
via restoring ER-α. Collectively, these studies implicates that the combination
treatments of CCN5 (via activation of CCN5 or hrCCN5 treatment) and tamoxifen as
potential therapies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - A Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Maity
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - A Das
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - M A Larson
- Transgenic and Gene-targeting Institutional Facilities, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - V Gupta
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - I Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - O Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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