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Al Mousa AA, Abouelela ME, Al Ghamidi NS, Abo-Dahab Y, Mohamed H, Abo-Dahab NF, Hassane AMA. Anti-Staphylococcal, Anti-Candida, and Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Soil Fungal Metabolites: A Study Supported by Phenolic Characterization and Molecular Docking Analysis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:221-243. [PMID: 38248318 PMCID: PMC10814734 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus and Candida are recognized as causative agents in numerous diseases, and the rise of multidrug-resistant strains emphasizes the need to explore natural sources, such as fungi, for effective antimicrobial agents. This study aims to assess the in vitro anti-staphylococcal and anti-candidal potential of ethyl acetate extracts from various soil-derived fungal isolates. The investigation includes isolating and identifying fungal strains as well as determining their antioxidative activities, characterizing their phenolic substances through HPLC analysis, and conducting in silico molecular docking assessments of the phenolics' binding affinities to the target proteins, Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and Candida albicans secreted aspartic protease 2. Out of nine fungal species tested, two highly potent isolates were identified through ITS ribosomal gene sequencing: Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15447 and A. nidulans AUMC 15444. Results indicated that A. terreus AUMC 15447 and A. nidulans AUMC 15444 extracts effectively inhibited S. aureus (concentration range: 25-0.39 mg/mL), with the A. nidulans AUMC 15444 extract demonstrating significant suppression of Candida spp. (concentration range: 3.125-0.39 mg/mL). The A. terreus AUMC 15447 extract exhibited an IC50 of 0.47 mg/mL toward DPPH radical-scavenging activity. HPLC analysis of the fungal extracts, employing 18 standards, revealed varying degrees of detected phenolics in terms of their presence and quantities. Docking investigations highlighted rutin as a potent inhibitor, showing high affinity (-16.43 kcal/mol and -12.35 kcal/mol) for S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and C. albicans secreted aspartic protease 2, respectively. The findings suggest that fungal metabolites, particularly phenolics, hold significant promise for the development of safe medications to combat pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al Mousa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo P.O. Box 11884, Egypt;
| | - Nadaa S. Al Ghamidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hassan Mohamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (H.M.); (N.F.A.-D.)
| | - Nageh F. Abo-Dahab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (H.M.); (N.F.A.-D.)
| | - Abdallah M. A. Hassane
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (H.M.); (N.F.A.-D.)
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Production and characterization of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid from Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6006. [PMID: 35397665 PMCID: PMC8994762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at the production optimization, purification, and characterization of a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound (AMC) produced by Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01 (GenBank Ac. No. MN190286). The culture conditions were optimized for a higher amount of AMC. The AMC was solvent extracted and characterized by UV–Vis, FT–IR, ESI–MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The MIC, MBC and mode of action were determined against a set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Its antibiofilm, synergistic and cytotoxic effects were also tested. The putative target site of action was evaluated through in silico molecular docking study. The stain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produced the maximum AMC (5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) in 2% MEB (w/v) and 4% YE (w/v) at pH 6.0 and 20 °C temperature with 100 rpm agitation for ten days. It caused complete lethality of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria at a 129 µg/mL dose by rupture and entire dissolution of cell integrity. It showed moderate antibiofilm activity and had a synergistic activity with streptomycin and additive effects with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. It targets a respiratory enzyme, Quinol-Fumarate Reductase (1l0v), with the highest binding affinities. It had cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line and was stable up to 100 °C. Thus, the study revealed that the strain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produces a potent broad-spectrum AMC 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid that could be used against human food and topical pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report of such a compound produced from the A. fumigatus.
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Endotoxin Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 with Potential Medical Applications. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Guo L, Wang C. Optimized production and isolation of antibacterial agent from marine Aspergillus flavipes against Vibrio harveyi. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:383. [PMID: 29134160 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical methodologies, including Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design, were employed to optimize the fermentation conditions for the production of active substances against aquatic pathogen Vibrio harveyi by marine-derived Aspergillus flavipes strain HN4-13. The optimal crucial fermentation values for maximum production of active substances against V. harveyi were obtained as follows: X1 (peptone) = 0.3%, X2 (KCl) = 0.25%, and X3 (inoculum size) = 4.5%. The predicted diameter of inhibitory zone against V. harveyi was 23.39 mm, and the practical value reached 23.71 ± 0.98 mm with a 62.3% increase. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the acquisition of two compounds whose structures were identified as questin (1) and emodin (2). Questin exhibited the same antibacterial activity against V. harveyi as streptomycin (MIC 31.25 µg/mL). This is the first time to report questin as a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic pathogen V. harveyi.
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Ragavendran C, Mariappan T, Natarajan D. Larvicidal, Histopathological Efficacy of Penicillium daleae against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti Plus Biotoxicity on Artemia nauplii a Non-target Aquatic Organism. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:773. [PMID: 29163159 PMCID: PMC5663693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes can transmit the terrible diseases to human beings. Soil-borne fungal products act as potential source for low-cost chemicals, used for developing eco-friendly control agents against mosquito-vector borne diseases. The prime aim of study was to check the larvicidal potential of fungus mycelia (by ethyl acetate solvent) extract from Penicillium daleae (KX387370) against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti and to test the toxicity of brine shrimp Artemia nauplii, by observing the physiological activity. The ethyl acetate extract of P. daleae mycelia (after 15 days) from Potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium revealed better result with least LC50 and LC90 values of I-IV instars larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 127.441, 129.087, 108.683, and 93.521; LC90 = 152.758, 158.169, 139.091, and 125.918 μg/ml) and Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 105.077, 83.943, 97.158, and 76.513; LC90 = 128.035, 106.869, 125.640, and 104.606 μg/ml) respectively. At higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) of extracts, mortality begins at 18 h of exposure and attained 100% mortality after 48 h exposure. Overall, the activity was depends on the dose and time of exposure to the extracts. The stereomicroscopic and histopathological analysis of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae treated with mycelium ethyl acetate extract showed complete disintegration of abdominal region, particularly the midgut and caeca, loss of cuticular parts and caudal hairs. Morphological characterization of the fungi was performed and taxonomically identified through 5.8s rDNA technique. The phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequence was carried out to find out the taxonomic and the evolutionary sketch of isolate in relation to earlier described genus Penicillium. Behavior and swimming speed alteration was analyzed together with mortality. The results of the experiment indicates that swimming behavior recorder (SBR) is a appropriate tool to detect individual swimming speed of the A. nauplii organisms, since the values have been obtained in accordance with control monitored results showed the 2.75 mm s-1 and after 24 h treated found to be 0.72 mm s-1, respectively. The extract-exposed to A. nauplii showed changes in body structures, i.e., intestine enlargement, eye formation, outer shell malformations and loss of antennae. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract of P. daleae on A. nauplii larvae by performing the mortality, behavior and alterations in swimming responses. This is the first time report on the larvicidal efficacy of P. daleae ethyl acetate extract against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ragavendran
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - T. Mariappan
- ICMR-Centre for Research in Medical Entomology, Madurai, India
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Guo L, Wang C, Zhu WC, Xu FQ. Bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of active substances from the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis against Vibrio anguillarum. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1146635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wen-cheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Fu-quan Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P.R. China
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Stief P, Fuchs-Ocklenburg S, Kamp A, Manohar CS, Houbraken J, Boekhout T, de Beer D, Stoeck T. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by Aspergillus terreus isolated from the seasonal oxygen minimum zone in the Arabian Sea. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:35. [PMID: 24517718 PMCID: PMC3928326 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wealth of microbial eukaryotes is adapted to life in oxygen-deficient marine environments. Evidence is accumulating that some of these eukaryotes survive anoxia by employing dissimilatory nitrate reduction, a strategy that otherwise is widespread in prokaryotes. Here, we report on the anaerobic nitrate metabolism of the fungus Aspergillus terreus (isolate An-4) that was obtained from sediment in the seasonal oxygen minimum zone in the Arabian Sea, a globally important site of oceanic nitrogen loss and nitrous oxide emission. RESULTS Axenic incubations of An-4 in the presence and absence of oxygen and nitrate revealed that this fungal isolate is capable of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium under anoxic conditions. A ¹⁵N-labeling experiment proved that An-4 produced and excreted ammonium through nitrate reduction at a rate of up to 175 nmol ¹⁵NH₄⁺ g⁻¹ protein h⁻¹. The products of dissimilatory nitrate reduction were ammonium (83%), nitrous oxide (15.5%), and nitrite (1.5%), while dinitrogen production was not observed. The process led to substantial cellular ATP production and biomass growth and also occurred when ammonium was added to suppress nitrate assimilation, stressing the dissimilatory nature of nitrate reduction. Interestingly, An-4 used intracellular nitrate stores (up to 6-8 μmol NO₃⁻ g⁻¹ protein) for dissimilatory nitrate reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the short list of microbial eukaryotes that store nitrate intracellularly and carry out dissimilatory nitrate reduction when oxygen is absent. In the currently spreading oxygen-deficient zones in the ocean, an as yet unexplored diversity of fungi may recycle nitrate to ammonium and nitrite, the substrates of the major nitrogen loss process anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stief
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, NordCEE, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Silvia Fuchs-Ocklenburg
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anja Kamp
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
- Jacobs University Bremen, Molecular Life Science Research Center, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jos Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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