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Dutta S, Houdinet G, NandaKafle G, Kafle A, Hawkes CV, Garcia K. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Nigrospora sp. isolated from switchgrass leaves and antagonistic toward plant pathogens. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 215:106849. [PMID: 37907117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Nigrospora is a diverse genus of fungi colonizing plants through endophytic, pathogenic, or saprobic interactions. Endophytic isolates can improve growth and development of host plants, as well as their resistance to microbial pathogens, but exactly how they do so remains poorly understood. Developing a reliable transformation method is crucial to investigate these mechanisms, in particular to identify pivotal genes for specific functions that correlate with specific traits. In this study, we identified eight isolates of Nigrospora sp. internally colonizing the leaves of switchgrass plants cultivated in North Carolina. Using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation approach with control and GFP-expressing vectors, we report the first successful transformation of two Nigrospora isolates. Finally, we demonstrate that wild-type and transgenic isolates both negatively impact the growth of two plant pathogens in co-culture conditions, Bipolaris maydis and Parastagonospora nodorum, responsible for the Southern Leaf Blight and Septoria Nodorum Blotch diseases, respectively. The GFP-transformed strains developed here can therefore serve as accurate reporters of spatial interactions in future studies of Nigrospora and pathogens in the plant. Finally, the transformation method we describe lays the foundation for further genetic research on the Nigrospora genus to expand our mechanistic understanding of plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summi Dutta
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gabriella Houdinet
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Gitanjali NandaKafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Pócsi I, Szigeti ZM, Emri T, Boczonádi I, Vereb G, Szöllősi J. Use of red, far-red, and near-infrared light in imaging of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3895-3912. [PMID: 35599256 PMCID: PMC9200671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract While phototoxicity can be a useful therapeutic modality not only for eliminating malignant cells but also in treating fungal infections, mycologists aiming to observe morphological changes or molecular events in fungi, especially when long observation periods or high light fluxes are warranted, encounter problems owed to altered regulatory pathways or even cell death caused by various photosensing mechanisms. Consequently, the ever expanding repertoire of visible fluorescent protein toolboxes and high-resolution microscopy methods designed to investigate fungi in vitro and in vivo need to comply with an additional requirement: to decrease the unwanted side effects of illumination. In addition to optimizing exposure, an obvious solution is red-shifted illumination, which, however, does not come without compromises. This review summarizes the interactions of fungi with light and the various molecular biology and technology approaches developed for exploring their functions on the molecular, cellular, and in vivo microscopic levels, and outlines the progress towards reducing phototoxicity through applying far-red and near-infrared light. Key points • Fungal biological processes alter upon illumination, also under the microscope • Red shifted fluorescent protein toolboxes decrease interference by illumination • Innovations like two-photon, lightsheet, and near IR microscopy reduce phototoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa M Szigeti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Boczonádi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Endophytism of Fusarium Solani in Meristems of Delonix Regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:142-145. [PMID: 35068613 PMCID: PMC8758843 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A bright yellow pigment-producing endophytic fungus strain GMRS1 was isolated from the meristems of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. The fungus was identified as Fusarium solani on grounds of morphological and molecular analysis. The chemical composition of the crude pigments was partially analyzed by Quadrupole Time-of-flight Liquid chromatography/Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry and the major compounds were reported. The crude pigments were proved toxic and unsafe by acute oral toxicity study on Wistar rats. The total cholesterol and glucose levels of the rats ingested with crude pigments were significantly elevated than the control rats. The treatment rats were further observed with damaged liver and kidney tissues. The LD50 value of the crude pigments was higher than 1000 mg/kg of body weight. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00968-w.
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Montoya MRA, Massa GA, Colabelli MN, Ridao ADC. Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system of Diaporthe caulivora. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 184:106197. [PMID: 33713724 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report describing the genetic transformation of Diaporthe caulivora, the soybean stem canker fungus. A simple and 100% efficient protocol of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation used mycelium as starting material and the hygromycin B resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a selection and reporter agents, respectively. All transgenic isolates were mitotically stable in two independent experiments and polymerase chain reaction with hygromycin B resistance primers confirmed successful T-DNA integration into the fungal genome. Plant-fungus interaction studies, including pathogenicity, latency, and endophytism, as well as further studies of random and targeted mutagenesis will be possible with GFP-expressing isolates of D. caulivora and other species in the Diaporthe / Phomopsis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R A Montoya
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina..
| | - Gabriela A Massa
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (FCA, UNMdP), Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mabel N Colabelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (FCA, UNMdP), Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azucena Del Carmen Ridao
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (FCA, UNMdP), Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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