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Yadav R, Mahajan S, Singh H, Mehra NK, Madan J, Doijad N, Singh PK, Guru SK. Emerging In Vitro and In Vivo Models: Hope for the Better Understanding of Cancer Progression and Treatment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300487. [PMID: 38581078 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Various cancer models have been developed to aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor development and evaluate the effectiveness of various anticancer drugs in preclinical studies. These models accurately reproduce the critical stages of tumor initiation and development to mimic the tumor microenvironment better. Using these models for target validation, tumor response evaluation, resistance modeling, and toxicity comprehension can significantly enhance the drug development process. Herein, various in vivo or animal models are presented, typically consisting of several mice and in vitro models ranging in complexity from transwell models to spheroids and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. While in vitro models have been used for decades and dominate the early stages of drug development, they are still limited primary to simplistic tests based on testing on a single cell type cultivated in Petri dishes. Recent advancements in developing new cancer therapies necessitate the generation of complicated animal models that accurately mimic the tumor's complexity and microenvironment. Mice make effective tumor models as they are affordable, have a short reproductive cycle, exhibit rapid tumor growth, and are simple to manipulate genetically. Human cancer mouse models are crucial to understanding the neoplastic process and basic and clinical research improvements. The following review summarizes different in vitro and in vivo metastasis models, their advantages and disadvantages, and their ability to serve as a model for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nandkumar Doijad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Alsharif ST, Gardouh AM, Mandour MF, Alaqais ZM, Alharbi LK, Almarwani MJ, Mokhtar HI, Hisham FA, Abdellah MM, Mohamed GM, Shorog EM, Almaeen AH, Atteia HH, Zaitone SA. Antitumor activity and targeting p53-PUMA mRNA expression by 5-flurouracil PLGA-lipid polymeric nanoparticles in mouse mammary carcinomas: comparison to free 5-flurouracil. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:385-397. [PMID: 38083807 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2294083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PNPs)-based therapy are powerful carriers for various therapeutic agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of free 5-flurouracil (5FU) and synthetized 5FU-PNPs and impact on p53-dependent apoptosis in mammary carcinomas (MCs) grown in mice. Breast cancer cells were injected in Swiss albino female mice and 2 bilateral masses of MC were confirmed after one week. Mice were distributed to five experimental groups; Group 1: MC control group. Groups 2 and 3: MC + free 5FU [5 or 10 mg per kg] groups. Groups 4 and 5: synthetized MC+ 5FU-PNPs [5 or 10 mg per kg] groups. Medications were administered orally, twice weekly for 3 weeks. Then, tumors were dissected, and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) while the other MC was used for measuring of cell death and inflammatory markers. Treatment with 5FU-PNPs suppressed the MC masses and pathologic scores based on HE-staining. Similarly, greater proapoptotic activity was recorded in 5FU-PNPs groups compared to free 5FU groups as shown by significant upregulation in tumoral p53 immunostaining. The current results encourage the utility of PNPs for improving the antitumor effect of 5FU. The chemotherapeutic potential was mediated through enhancement of tumoral p53-mediated p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) genes. Additional studies are warranted for testing the antitumor activity of this preparation in other mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Alsharif
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Gardouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed F Mandour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Zood M Alaqais
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama K Alharbi
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J Almarwani
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem I Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fatma Azzahraa Hisham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdellah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ghena M Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, College of Home Economics, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Jackson CE, Green NH, English WR, Claeyssens F. The use of microphysiological systems to model metastatic cancer. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032002. [PMID: 38579739 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3b70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the 21st century, with metastasis of cancer attributing to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes there is a need for better preclinical models to increase the success of translating oncological therapies into the clinic. Current traditional staticin vitromodels lack a perfusable network which is critical to overcome the diffusional mass transfer limit to provide a mechanism for the exchange of essential nutrients and waste removal, and increase their physiological relevance. Furthermore, these models typically lack cellular heterogeneity and key components of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. This review explores rapidly developing strategies utilising perfusable microphysiological systems (MPS) for investigating cancer cell metastasis. In this review we initially outline the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, highlighting key steps and identifying the current gaps in our understanding of the metastatic cascade, exploring MPS focused on investigating the individual steps of the metastatic cascade before detailing the latest MPS which can investigate multiple components of the cascade. This review then focuses on the factors which can affect the performance of an MPS designed for cancer applications with a final discussion summarising the challenges and future directions for the use of MPS for cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Jackson
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H Green
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - William R English
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR3 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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Kolahi Azar H, Gharibshahian M, Rostami M, Mansouri V, Sabouri L, Beheshtizadeh N, Rezaei N. The progressive trend of modeling and drug screening systems of breast cancer bone metastasis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38317174 PMCID: PMC10845631 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites.The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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West J, Adler F, Gallaher J, Strobl M, Brady-Nicholls R, Brown J, Roberson-Tessi M, Kim E, Noble R, Viossat Y, Basanta D, Anderson ARA. A survey of open questions in adaptive therapy: Bridging mathematics and clinical translation. eLife 2023; 12:e84263. [PMID: 36952376 PMCID: PMC10036119 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive therapy is a dynamic cancer treatment protocol that updates (or 'adapts') treatment decisions in anticipation of evolving tumor dynamics. This broad term encompasses many possible dynamic treatment protocols of patient-specific dose modulation or dose timing. Adaptive therapy maintains high levels of tumor burden to benefit from the competitive suppression of treatment-sensitive subpopulations on treatment-resistant subpopulations. This evolution-based approach to cancer treatment has been integrated into several ongoing or planned clinical trials, including treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and BRAF-mutant melanoma. In the previous few decades, experimental and clinical investigation of adaptive therapy has progressed synergistically with mathematical and computational modeling. In this work, we discuss 11 open questions in cancer adaptive therapy mathematical modeling. The questions are split into three sections: (1) integrating the appropriate components into mathematical models (2) design and validation of dosing protocols, and (3) challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey West
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Fred Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jill Gallaher
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Maximilian Strobl
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Renee Brady-Nicholls
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Joel Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Mark Roberson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Robert Noble
- Department of Mathematics, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yannick Viossat
- Ceremade, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université Paris Sciences et LettresParisFrance
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Alexander RA Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
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Li J, Ma G, Yan M, Liu H, Zhang K, Lin R, Lü G. Subcutaneous infection mouse model could be applied into real time monitoring the efficacy of anti-cystic echinococcosis drug in vivo. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106802. [PMID: 36565837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a cosmopolitan distribution, and it is urgent to develop novel anti-helminthic agents. The intraperitoneal (ip) infection mice model was widely used to evaluate the efficacy of potential anti-CE compounds. Still, it's time-consuming, and the inability to achieve real-time monitoring hinders the development of potential anti-CE compounds. In this study, a CE mouse model was established by subcutaneous (sc) injection of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (E.granulosus s.s.) and used to assess the efficiency and efficacy of prospective anti-CE drugs. Compared to the ip infection CE mice model, the lesion volume of sc infection protoscoleces of E.granulosus s.s. (EgPSCs) could be measured by vernier caliper at week 6 post-infection. In contrast, the lesion volume of ip infection CE mice model was detected by ultrasound-assisted diagnosis at week 16 post-infection. Oral administration of albendazole (ABZ) could reduce cystic weight by 32.17% and 17.61%, the cystic number by 12.24% and 25.19%, and damage the ultrastructure of the cysts of E. granulosus s.s. in the sc and ip infection group, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the sc infection mice model could real-time monitor the lesion volume of E. granulosus s.s. during the ABZ and everolimus treatment. Therefore, we consider that the sc infection CE mice model is an assistant tool for screening and developing potential anti-CE compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guizhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingzhi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Kfoury S, Michl P, Roth L. Modeling Obesity-Driven Pancreatic Carcinogenesis-A Review of Current In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Obesity and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193170. [PMID: 36231132 PMCID: PMC9563584 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate below 10%, thereby exhibiting the worst prognosis of all solid tumors. Increasing incidence together with a continued lack of targeted treatment options will cause PDAC to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world by 2030. Obesity belongs to the predominant risk factors for pancreatic cancer. To improve our understanding of the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer development and progression, novel laboratory techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarize current in vitro and in vivo models of PDAC and obesity as well as an overview of a variety of models to investigate obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. We start by giving an overview on different methods to cultivate adipocytes in vitro as well as various in vivo mouse models of obesity. Moreover, established murine and human PDAC cell lines as well as organoids are summarized and the genetically engineered models of PCAC compared to xenograft models are introduced. Finally, we review published in vitro and in vivo models studying the impact of obesity on PDAC, enabling us to decipher the molecular basis of obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kfoury
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Xiao J, McGill JR, Nasir A, Lekan A, Johnson B, Wilkins DJ, Pearson GW, Tanner K, Goodarzi H, Glasgow E, Schlegel R, Agarwal S. Identifying drivers of breast cancer metastasis in progressively invasive subpopulations of zebrafish-xenografted MDA-MB-231. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:16. [PMID: 35614362 PMCID: PMC9133282 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of the high mortality rate among human cancers. Efforts to identify therapeutic agents targeting cancer metastasis frequently fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials despite strong preclinical evidence. Until recently, most preclinical studies used mouse models to evaluate anti-metastatic agents. Mouse models are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, an important drawback is that mouse models inadequately model the early stages of metastasis which plausibly leads to the poor correlation with clinical outcomes. Here, we report an in vivo model based on xenografted zebrafish embryos where we select for progressively invasive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A subpopulation analogous to circulating tumor cells found in human cancers was selected by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the yolk sacs of 2 days post-fertilized zebrafish embryos and selecting cells that migrated to the tail. The selected subpopulation derived from MDA-MB-231 cells were increasingly invasive in zebrafish. Isolation of these subpopulations and propagation in vitro revealed morphological changes consistent with activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Differential gene analysis and knockdown of genes identified gene-candidates (DDIT4, MT1X, CTSD, and SERPINE1) as potential targets for anti-metastasis therapeutics. Furthermore, RNA-splicing analysis reinforced the importance of BIRC5 splice variants in breast cancer metastasis. This is the first report using zebrafish to isolate and expand progressively invasive populations of human cancer cells. The model has potential applications in understanding the metastatic process, identification and/or development of therapeutics that specifically target metastatic cells and formulating personalized treatment strategies for individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Kalra J, Baker J, Song J, Kyle A, Minchinton A, Bally M. Inter-Metastatic Heterogeneity of Tumor Marker Expression and Microenvironment Architecture in a Preclinical Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6336. [PMID: 34199298 PMCID: PMC8231937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical drug development studies rarely consider the impact of a candidate drug on established metastatic disease. This may explain why agents that are successful in subcutaneous and even orthotopic preclinical models often fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. It is reasonable to anticipate that sites of metastasis will be phenotypically unique, as each tumor will have evolved heterogeneously with respect to gene expression as well as the associated phenotypic outcome of that expression. The objective for the studies described here was to gain an understanding of the tumor heterogeneity that exists in established metastatic disease and use this information to define a preclinical model that is more predictive of treatment outcome when testing novel drug candidates clinically. METHODS Female NCr nude mice were inoculated with fluorescent (mKate), Her2/neu-positive human breast cancer cells (JIMT-mKate), either in the mammary fat pad (orthotopic; OT) to replicate a primary tumor, or directly into the left ventricle (intracardiac; IC), where cells eventually localize in multiple sites to create a model of established metastasis. Tumor development was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI). Subsequently, animals were sacrificed, and tumor tissues were isolated and imaged ex vivo. Tumors within organ tissues were further analyzed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for Her2/neu expression, blood vessels (CD31), as well as a nuclear marker (Hoechst) and fluorescence (mKate) expressed by the tumor cells. RESULTS Following IC injection, JIMT-1mKate cells consistently formed tumors in the lung, liver, brain, kidney, ovaries, and adrenal glands. Disseminated tumors were highly variable when assessing vessel density (CD31) and tumor marker expression (mkate, Her2/neu). Interestingly, tumors which developed within an organ did not adopt a vessel microarchitecture that mimicked the organ where growth occurred, nor did the vessel microarchitecture appear comparable to the primary tumor. Rather, metastatic lesions showed considerable variability, suggesting that each secondary tumor is a distinct disease entity from a microenvironmental perspective. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that more phenotypic heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment exists in models of metastatic disease than has been previously appreciated, and this heterogeneity may better reflect the metastatic cancer in patients typically enrolled in early-stage Phase I/II clinical trials. Similar to the suggestion of others in the past, the use of models of established metastasis preclinically should be required as part of the anticancer drug candidate development process, and this may be particularly important for targeted therapeutics and/or nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Applied Research Centre, Langara, Vancouver, BC V5Y 2Z6, Canada
- Department Anesthesia Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Baker
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Justin Song
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Alastair Kyle
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrew Minchinton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Marcel Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Nanomedicine Innovation Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Ding DC, Chang YH, Wu KC, Harnod T. The organoid: A research model for ovarian cancer. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:255-260. [PMID: 35912056 PMCID: PMC9333109 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_63_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease with a variety of distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The currently available and common research models for EOC include tumor cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. However, these models have certain shortcomings: establishing a cell line is time-consuming, loss of genetic traits after long-term culture is a possibility, and investment is required in terms of animal care facilities. Therefore, better research models are required. Organoid technology was originally developed from colorectal cancer. Tumor organoid is a three-dimensional culture system and can help accurately recapture the tumor phenotype from the original tumor. Tumor organoid systems can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the currently available research models. The organoid model can be used for culturing ovarian cancer subtypes, screening drugs, assessing genomes, and establishing biobanks. However, the currently available organoid models can only culture one type of cells, epithelial cells. Therefore, an organoid-on-a-chip device can be developed in the future to provide a microenvironment for cell–cell, cell–matrix, and cell–media interactions. Thus, organoid models can be used in ovarian cancer research and can generate a simulated in vivo system, enabling studies on the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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11
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Aly RG, El-Enbaawy MI, Abd El-Rahman SS, Ata NS. Antineoplastic activity of Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane nanovesicles. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112423. [PMID: 33338480 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles possess unique structural and immunostimulatory effects that could be exploited to regress tumors by alerting the host immune system and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The current study was conducted to investigate the antitumor activity of the outer membrane vesicles (ST-OMVs) of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, in vitro in human colorectal carcinoma (HTC116), breast cancer (MCF-7), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines and in vivo in Ehrlich solid carcinoma-bearing mice model either as a mono-immunotherapy or as an adjuvant to a commonly used conventional chemotherapy. In addition, we investigated the safety of ST-OMVs. Adult Swiss albino female mice with transplanted Ehrlich solid carcinoma were treated with either ST-OMVs, paclitaxel or a combination of both. Tumor volume, growth inhibition rate, quantitative RT-PCR of Bax and VEGF genes expression, histopathology and immune-expression of caspase-3, Beclin-1, CD49b and Ki-67 were all analyzed. Our results showed that ST-OMVs significantly decreased tumor volume, significantly increased tumor growth inhibition rate, up-regulated the immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3, Beclin-1, and CD49b (enhanced recruitment of NK cells). Furthermore, ST-OMVs down-regulated the expression of Ki-67, increased Bax gene expression and decreased VEGF gene expression as detected by qRT-PCR analysis. Histologically, ST-OMVs promoted apoptosis, decreased tumor invasion and mitotic activities. Moreover, ST-OMVs showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity in various investigated in vitro cancer cell lines. Our findings demonstrate potential antitumor activity of ST-OMVs that might be used as a promising safe antitumor immunotherapy or an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, resolving some of their problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Go Aly
- Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Luxor, Egypt
| | - Mona Ih El-Enbaawy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa S Ata
- Department of Microbiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Wang Q, Lee Y, Shuryak I, Pujol Canadell M, Taveras M, Perrier JR, Bacon BA, Rodrigues MA, Kowalski R, Capaccio C, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Development of the FAST-DOSE assay system for high-throughput biodosimetry and radiation triage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12716. [PMID: 32728041 PMCID: PMC7392759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a large-scale radiological incident, there is a need for FDA-approved biodosimetry devices and biomarkers with the ability to rapidly determine past radiation exposure with sufficient accuracy for early population triage and medical management. Towards this goal, we have developed FAST-DOSE (Fluorescent Automated Screening Tool for Dosimetry), an immunofluorescent, biomarker-based system designed to reconstruct absorbed radiation dose in peripheral blood samples collected from potentially exposed individuals. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of the FAST-DOSE assay system to quantify intracellular protein changes in blood leukocytes for early biodosimetry triage from humanized NOD-scid-gamma (Hu-NSG) mice and non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to ionizing radiation up to 8 days after radiation exposure. In the Hu-NSG mice studies, the FAST-DOSE biomarker panel was able to generate delivered dose estimates at days 1, 2 and 3 post exposure, whereas in the NHP studies, the biomarker panel was able to successfully classify samples by dose categories below or above 2 Gy up to 8 days after total body exposure. These results suggest that the FAST-DOSE bioassay has large potential as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid and reliable screening of potentially exposed individuals to aid early triage decisions within the first week post-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- ASELL, LLC, Owings Mills, MD, 21117, USA
| | - Bezalel A Bacon
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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13
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Synergizes Sorafenib Anticancer Efficacy with Minimizing Its Cytotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1362104. [PMID: 32566073 PMCID: PMC7275957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1362104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, as a group, represents the most important cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, the available therapeutic approaches of cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are unsatisfactory and represent a great challenge as many patients have cancer recurrence and severe side effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-established (antineoplastic or cytotoxic) chemotherapy and immunosuppressant drug used to treat different types of cancer, but its usage requires high doses causing severe side effects. Therefore, we need a novel drug with high antitumor efficacy in addition to safety. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) and sorafenib alone or in combination on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. Sixty adult female Swiss-albino mice were divided equally into 6 groups as follows: control, SEC, MTX, ZnO-NPs, sorafenib, and ZnO-NPs+sorafenib; all treatments continued for 4 weeks. ZnO-NPs were characterized by TEM, zeta potential, and SEM mapping. Data showed that ZnO-NPs synergized with sorafenib as a combination therapy to execute more effective and safer anticancer activity compared to monotherapy as showed by a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in tumor weight, tumor cell viability, and cancer tissue glutathione amount as well as by significant increase (P < 0.001) in tumor growth inhibition rate, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species generation, the release of cytochrome c, and expression of the apoptotic gene caspase-3 in the tumor tissues with minimal changes in the liver, renal, and hematological parameters. Therefore, we suggest that ZnO-NPs might be a safe candidate in combination with sorafenib as a more potent anticancer. The safety of this combined treatment may allow its use in clinical trials.
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14
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Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010014. [PMID: 31861541 PMCID: PMC7016809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally, accounting for approximately 800,000 deaths annually. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, comprising approximately 80% of cases. Murine models of HCC, such as chemically-induced models, xenograft models, and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, are valuable tools to reproduce human HCC biopathology and biochemistry. These models can be used to identify potential biomarkers, evaluate potential novel therapeutic drugs in pre-clinical trials, and develop molecular target therapies. Considering molecular target therapies, a novel approach has been developed to create genetically engineered murine models for HCC, employing hydrodynamics-based transfection (HT). The HT method, coupled with the Sleeping Beauty transposon system or the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool, has been used to rapidly and cost-effectively produce a variety of HCC models containing diverse oncogenes or inactivated tumor suppressor genes. The versatility of these models is expected to broaden our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms underlying human hepatocarcinogenesis, allowing the study of premalignant and malignant liver lesions and the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review recent advances in GEM models of HCC with an emphasis on new technologies.
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15
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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16
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Lefley D, Howard F, Arshad F, Bradbury S, Brown H, Tulotta C, Eyre R, Alférez D, Wilkinson JM, Holen I, Clarke RB, Ottewell P. Development of clinically relevant in vivo metastasis models using human bone discs and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:130. [PMID: 31783893 PMCID: PMC6884811 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-stage breast cancer preferentially metastasises to bone; despite advances in targeted therapies, this condition remains incurable. The lack of clinically relevant models for studying breast cancer metastasis to a human bone microenvironment has stunted the development of effective treatments for this condition. To address this problem, we have developed humanised mouse models in which breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) metastasise to human bone implants with low variability and high frequency. Methods To model the human bone environment, bone discs from femoral heads of patients undergoing hip replacement surgery were implanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. For metastasis studies, 7 patient-derived xenograft tumours (PDX: BB3RC32, ER+ PR+ HER2−; BB2RC08, ER+ PR+ ER2−; BB6RC37, ER− PR− HER2− and BB6RC39, ER+ PR+ HER2+), MDA-MB-231-luc2, T47D-luc2 or MCF7-Luc2 cells were injected into the 4th mammary ducts and metastases monitored by luciferase imaging and confirmed on histological sections. Bone integrity, viability and vascularisation were assessed by uCT, calcein uptake and histomorphometry. Expression profiling of genes/proteins during different stages of metastasis were assessed by whole genome Affymetrix array, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Importance of IL-1 was confirmed following anakinra treatment. Results Implantation of femoral bone provided a metabolically active, human-specific site for tumour cells to metastasise to. After 4 weeks, bone implants were re-vascularised and demonstrated active bone remodelling (as evidenced by the presence of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and calcein uptake). Restricting bone implants to the use of subchondral bone and introduction of cancer cells via intraductal injection maximised metastasis to human bone implants. MDA-MB-231 cells specifically metastasised to human bone (70% metastases) whereas T47D, MCF7, BB3RC32, BB2RC08, and BB6RC37 cells metastasised to both human bone and mouse bones. Importantly, human bone was the preferred metastatic site especially from ER+ PDX (100% metastasis human bone compared with 20–75% to mouse bone), whereas ER-ve PDX developed metastases in 20% of human and 20% of mouse bone. Breast cancer cells underwent a series of molecular changes as they progressed from primary tumours to bone metastasis including altered expression of IL-1B, IL-1R1, S100A4, CTSK, SPP1 and RANK. Inhibiting IL-1B signalling significantly reduced bone metastasis. Conclusions Our reliable and clinically relevant humanised mouse models provide significant advancements in modelling of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lefley
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Faith Howard
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Fawaz Arshad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Steven Bradbury
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Hannah Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Claudia Tulotta
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rachel Eyre
- Manchester Breast Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Denis Alférez
- Manchester Breast Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Manchester Breast Centre, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Nishizawa T, Nakano K, Fujii E, Komura D, Kuroiwa Y, Ishimaru C, Monnai M, Aburatani H, Ishikawa S, Suzuki M. In vivo effects of mutant RHOA on tumor formation in an orthotopic inoculation model. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1745-1754. [PMID: 31485674 PMCID: PMC6775816 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) mutations are driver genes in diffuse‑type gastric cancers (DGCs), and we previously revealed that RHOA mutations contribute to cancer cell survival and cell migration through their dominant negative effect on Rho‑associated kinase (ROCK) signaling in vitro. However, how RHOA mutations contribute to DGC development in vivo is poorly understood. In the present study, the contribution of RHOA mutations to tumor morphology was investigated using an orthotopic xenograft model using the gastric cancer cell line MKN74, in which wild‑type (WT) or mutated (Y42C and Y42S) RHOA had been introduced. When we conducted RNA sequencing to distinguish between the genes expressed in human tumor tissues from those in mouse stroma, the expression profiles of the tumors were clearly divided into a Y42C/Y42S group and a mock/WT group. Through gene set enrichment analysis, it was revealed that inflammation‑ and hypoxia‑related pathways were enriched in the mock/WT tumors; however, cell metabolism‑ and cell cycle‑related pathways such as Myc, E2F, oxidative phosphorylation and G2M checkpoint were enriched in the Y42C/Y42S tumors. In addition, the gene set related to ROCK signaling inhibition was enriched in the RHOA‑mutated group, which indicated that a series of events are related to ROCK inhibition induced by RHOA mutations. Histopathological analysis revealed that small tumor nests were more frequent in RHOA mutants than in the mock or WT group. In addition, increased blood vessel formation and infiltration of macrophages within the tumor mass were observed in the RHOA mutants. Furthermore, unlike mock/WT, the RHOA‑mutated tumor cells had little antitumor host reaction in the invasive front, which is similar to the pattern of mucosal invasion in clinical RHOA‑mutated DGC. These transcriptome and pathological analyses revealed that mutated RHOA functionally contributes to the acquisition of DGC features, which will accelerate our understanding of the contribution of RHOA mutations in DGC biology and the development of further therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishizawa
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8510, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kuroiwa
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Chisako Ishimaru
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Monnai
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247‑8530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8510, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Department of Research, Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8904, Japan
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18
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RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis shows anti-tumor actions of melatonin in a breast cancer xenograft model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:966. [PMID: 30700756 PMCID: PMC6353949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic anti-cancer molecule that controls cancer growth by multiple mechanisms. RNA-Seq can potentially evaluate therapeutic response and its use in xenograft tumor models can differentiate the changes that occur specifically in tumor cells or in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Melatonin actions were evaluated in a xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer. Balb/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were treated with melatonin or vehicle. RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina HiSeq. 2500 and data were mapped against human and mouse genomes separately to differentiate species-specific expression. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect clusters of highly co-expressed genes. Melatonin treatment reduced tumor growth (p < 0.01). 57 DE genes were identified in murine cells, which represented the TME, and were mainly involved in immune response. The WGCNA detected co-expressed genes in tumor cells and TME, which were related to the immune system among other biological processes. The upregulation of two genes (Tnfaip8l2 and Il1f6) by melatonin was validated in the TME, these genes play important roles in the immune system. Taken together, the transcriptomic data suggests that melatonin anti-tumor actions occur through modulation of TME in this xenograft tumor model.
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19
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Li P, Liu Q, Wang X, Huang G, Song S. 18F-Deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Monitoring of Dynamic Growth Characteristics of Walker-256 Tumor Models in 3 Different Locations in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:558-564. [PMID: 30659557 PMCID: PMC6347917 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the ideal method of establishing subcutaneous, breast, and liver tumor models using the same Walker-256 cells, and investigated the dynamic growth characteristics using ¹⁸F-deoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), which provides basic information for choosing an experimental animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS We established tumor models in 3 locations (subcutaneous, breast, and liver) in W256 Sprague-Dawley rats. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed from 6 days to 18 days after injecting the cells subcutaneously. Tumor volume of interest (VOI), maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), and average standard uptake value (SUVavg) were obtained from the image. The difference of the growth characteristics in tumor volume and SUVs among the 3 groups were compared. Histopathology of the tumors was also analyzed. RESULTS The tumors in subcutaneous location grew fastest, followed by tumors located in the breast, and tumors in the liver grew slowest. Significant differences in tumor VOI (p=0.01) were observed. ¹⁸F-FDG uptake of the subcutaneous and breast tumors increased until day 10 and then decreased subsequently. ¹⁸F-FDG uptake of the liver tumor reached a peak at day 10, and necrosis peaked at day 12. The histopathology analysis results indicated that the necrosis was mainly located in the center of tumors while the viable tissues were located on the periphery. Similarly, CD 31 and Ki-67 were mainly expressed on the tumor periphery. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous, breast, and liver tumor models were easy to establish using Walker-256 cells. They showed fast growth and high uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG. These kinds of tumor models were optimal in evaluating anti-tumor efficacy by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, but it may be essential to determine the best time-points at which to use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Sydney (SJTU-USYD) Joint Research Alliance for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Sydney (SJTU-USYD) Joint Research Alliance for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Sydney (SJTU-USYD) Joint Research Alliance for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Sydney (SJTU-USYD) Joint Research Alliance for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Sydney (SJTU-USYD) Joint Research Alliance for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Hadjidemetriou M, Al-Ahmady Z, Buggio M, Swift J, Kostarelos K. A novel scavenging tool for cancer biomarker discovery based on the blood-circulating nanoparticle protein corona. Biomaterials 2019; 188:118-129. [PMID: 30343255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent discrepancy between the significant investment towards plasma biomarker discovery and the very low number of biomarkers currently in clinical use stresses the need for discovery technologies. The discovery of protein biomarkers present in human blood by proteomics is tremendously challenging, owing to the large dynamic concentration range of blood proteins. Here, we describe the use of blood-circulating lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a scavenging tool to comprehensively analyse the blood proteome. We aimed to exploit the spontaneous interaction of NPs with plasma proteins once injected in the bloodstream, known as 'protein corona', in order to facilitate the capture of tumor-specific molecules. We employed two different tumor models, a subcutaneous melanoma model (B16-F10) and human lung carcinoma xenograft model (A549) and comprehensively compared by mass spectrometry the in vivo protein coronas formed onto clinically used liposomes, intravenously administered in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. The results obtained demonstrated that blood-circulating liposomes surface-capture and amplify a wide range of different proteins including low molecular weight (MW) and low abundant tumor specific proteins (intracellular products of tissue leakage) that could not be detected by plasma analysis, performed in comparison. Most strikingly, the NP (liposomal) corona formed in the xenograft model was found to consist of murine host response proteins, as well as human proteins released from the inoculated and growing human cancer cells. This study offers direct evidence that the in vivo NP protein corona could be deemed as a valuable tool to enrich the blood proteomic analysis and to allow the discovery of potential biomarkers in experimental disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Zahraa Al-Ahmady
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Buggio
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Swift
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Biological, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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21
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Wang R, Deng J, He D, Yang E, Yang W, Shi D, Jiang Y, Qiu Z, Webster TJ, Shen Y. PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles for combined X-ray radiation and photothermal therapy in vitro and enhanced CT imaging in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 16:195-205. [PMID: 30597210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Up until now, hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) with a spherical cavity have garnered much interest as theranostic agents in cancer therapy due to their high X-ray absorption and photothermal conversion ability. Herein, we describe the design of PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles (mPEG@HGNPs) for combined X-ray radiation and photothermal therapy in vitro and enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging in vivo using a breast tumor model. In vitro results revealed that mPEG@HGNPs could achieve a synergistic antitumor effect when irradiated by combined X-ray radiation and 808 nm near infrared laser light. Furthermore, mPEG@HGNPs exhibited a favorable tumor targeting effect and good CT contrast enhancement in both xenografted and orthotopic breast tumor models, due to the stealth effect of PEG which increased the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. These results suggest that mPEG@HGNPs may serve as multifunctional nanocomposites for cancer combination therapy and, thus, should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ershuang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanni Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Shen J, Zhou W, Bi N, Song YM, Zhang FQ, Zhan QM, Wang LH. MicroRNA-886-3P functions as a tumor suppressor in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1185-1192. [PMID: 30230945 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1491505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease and miRNAs may play an important role in modulating SCLC progression. We have previously screened 924 miRNAs and found that miR-886-3P was negatively associated with SCLC survival. In the current study, we further investigated the role of miR-886-3P mimic in regulating SCLC cell phenotypic alteration in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo. We found that transfection of miR-886-3P mimic significantly inhibited SCLC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, and induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) by suppressing TGF-ß1 synthesis in vitro. Furthermore, intra-tumor injection of miR-886-3P mimic lead to necrosis and suppression of tumor invasion to the surrounding tissue in the subcutaneous xenograft tumor, and intra-vein injection of miR-886-3P mimic suppressed xenograft lung cancer growth in vivo. These findings suggested that miR-886-3P functions as a tumor suppressor in SCLC and thus, it might be a potential therapeutic molecule in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , Peking Union medical College Hospital Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Nan Bi
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Peking Union medical College Hospital Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yong-Mei Song
- b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , Peking Union medical College Hospital Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fu-Quan Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Qi-Min Zhan
- b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , Peking Union medical College Hospital Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lv-Hua Wang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Peking Union medical College Hospital Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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23
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Kranz M, Bergmann R, Kniess T, Belter B, Neuber C, Cai Z, Deng G, Fischer S, Zhou J, Huang Y, Brust P, Deuther-Conrad W, Pietzsch J. Bridging from Brain to Tumor Imaging: (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-[ 18F]Fluspidine for Investigation of Sigma-1 Receptors in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:E702. [PMID: 29558382 PMCID: PMC6017399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig1R) are highly expressed in various human cancer cells and hence imaging of this target with positron emission tomography (PET) can contribute to a better understanding of tumor pathophysiology and support the development of antineoplastic drugs. Two Sig1R-specific radiolabeled enantiomers (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-[18F]fluspidine were investigated in several tumor cell lines including melanoma, squamous cell/epidermoid carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and glioblastoma. Dynamic PET scans were performed in mice to investigate the suitability of both radiotracers for tumor imaging. The Sig1R expression in the respective tumors was confirmed by Western blot. Rather low radiotracer uptake was found in heterotopically (subcutaneously) implanted tumors. Therefore, a brain tumor model (U87-MG) with orthotopic implantation was chosen to investigate the suitability of the two Sig1R radiotracers for brain tumor imaging. High tumor uptake as well as a favorable tumor-to-background ratio was found. These results suggest that Sig1R PET imaging of brain tumors with [18F]fluspidine could be possible. Further studies with this tumor model will be performed to confirm specific binding and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Belter
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Caetano-Oliveira R, Gomes MA, Abrantes AM, Tavares-Silva E, Oliveira MC, Laranjo M, Queirós DB, Casalta-Lopes J, Pires S, Carvalho L, Gouveia R, Santos PR, Priolli DG, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Revisiting colorectal cancer animal model - An improved metastatic model for distal rectosigmoid colon carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:89-99. [PMID: 29628185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent and fatal cancer in Western countries. Understanding its biology with different incidence along the colon and rectum, genetic profile and how these factors contribute to local/distant progression, has been hampered by the lack of a suitable CRC model. We report a reproducible model, using human CRC cell lines (CL) (WiDr, LS1034, C2BBe1) injected (1 × 107 cells/animal) in RNU rats (n = 55) which underwent cecostomy and descending colostomy with mucosal-cutaneous fistula of the sigmoid colon. CL were characterized by immunohistochemistry: CK20, CDX2, P53, vimentin, Ki67, CD44, CD133, E-cadherin, β-catenin and CEA; cancer stem cells-immune system interaction was studied and tumor progression was assessed with nuclear medicine imaging (99mTc-MIBI). Animals developed locally invasive tumors and with WiDr neural invasion was registered. Cancer stem cells were detected in WiDr (CD44 positive). All the cell lines stimulated the immune system, being WiDr the most aggressive. Imaging studies demonstrated tumor uptake. With this CRC model we can study the microenvironment role and tumor-stroma interactions. All CL developed primary disease, but only the WiDR established neural invasion which may represent a metastatic pathway. This model can help unveiling the underlying metastatic mechanisms, and ultimately test better therapeutic approaches for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano-Oliveira
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Pathology Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edgar Tavares-Silva
- Surgery A Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Débora Basílio Queirós
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salomé Pires
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Gouveia
- Thanatology Service of the National Institute of Legal Medicine (Center Delegation), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues Santos
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Denise Gonçalves Priolli
- Postgraduate Program Strictu Senso in Health Science, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Surgery A Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Kong J, Luo Y, Jin D, An F, Zhang W, Liu L, Li J, Fang S, Li X, Yang X, Lin B, Liu T. A novel microfluidic model can mimic organ-specific metastasis of circulating tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78421-78432. [PMID: 27191997 PMCID: PMC5346650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A biomimetic microsystem might compensate costly and time-consuming animal metastatic models. Herein we developed a biomimetic microfluidic model to study cancer metastasis. Primary cells isolated from different organs were cultured on the microlfuidic model to represent individual organs. Breast and salivary gland cancer cells were driven to flow over primary cell culture chambers, mimicking dynamic adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to endothelium in vivo. These flowing artificial CTCs showed different metastatic potentials to lung on the microfluidic model. The traditional nude mouse model of lung metastasis was performed to investigate the physiological similarity of the microfluidic model to animal models. It was found that the metastatic potential of different cancer cells assessed by the microfluidic model was in agreement with that assessed by the nude mouse model. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the metastatic inhibitor AMD3100 inhibited lung metastasis effectively in both the microfluidic model and the nude mouse model. Then the microfluidic model was used to mimick liver and bone metastasis of CTCs and confirm the potential for research of multiple-organ metastasis. Thus, the metastasis of CTCs to different organs was reconstituted on the microfluidic model. It may expand the capabilities of traditional cell culture models, providing a low-cost, time-saving, and rapid alternative to animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Jin
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan An
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lilu Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shimeng Fang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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26
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Basel MT, Narayanan S, Ganta C, Shreshta TB, Marquez A, Pyle M, Hill J, Bossmann SH, Troyer DL. Developing a xenograft human tumor model in immunocompetent mice. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:256-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Hanušová V, Caltová K, Svobodová H, Ambrož M, Skarka A, Murínová N, Králová V, Tomšík P, Skálová L. The effects of β-caryophyllene oxide and trans-nerolidol on the efficacy of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells and breast tumor-bearing mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:828-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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28
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Guo J, Cai J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yang P, Wang Z. Establishment of two ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft mouse models for in vivo imaging: A comparative study. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1199-1208. [PMID: 28902355 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic tumor animal models are optimal for preclinical research of novel therapeutic interventions. The aim of the present study was to compare two types of ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft (OCOX) mouse models, i.e. cellular orthotopic injection (COI) and surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI), regarding xenograft formation rate, in vivo imaging, tumor growth and metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. The tumor formation and progression were monitored by bioluminescent in vivo imaging. Cell proliferation and migration abilities were detected by EdU and scratch assays, respectively. Expression of α-SMA, CD34, MMP2, MMP9, vimentin, E-cadherin and Ki67 in tumor samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. As a result, we successfully established COI- and SOI-OCOX mouse models using ovarian cancer cell lines ES2 and SKOV3. The tumor formation rate in the COI and SOI models were 87.5 and 100%, respectively. Suspected tumor cell leakage occurred in 37.5% of the COI models. The SOI xenografts grew faster, held larger primary tumors, and were more metastatic than the COI xenografts. The migration and proliferation properties of the cells that generated SOI xenografts were significantly starker than those deriving COI xenografts in vitro. The tumor cells in SOI xenografts exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype and proliferated more actively than those in the COI xenografts. Additionally, compared with the COI tumors, the SOI tumors contained more cancer associated fibroblasts, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and 9. In conclusion, SOI is a feasible and reliable technique to establish OCOX mouse models mimicking the clinical process of ovarian cancer growth and metastasis, although SOI is more technically difficult and time-consuming than COI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yapei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
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29
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Havelek R, Muthna D, Tomsik P, Kralovec K, Seifrtova M, Cahlikova L, Hostalkova A, Safratova M, Perwein M, Cermakova E, Rezacova M. Anticancer potential of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids evaluated by screening with a panel of human cells, real-time cellular analysis and Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:121-132. [PMID: 28756149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, twenty-two Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were screened for their anticancer potential. All isolates were evaluated for antiproliferative activities on a panel of 17 human cell types of different tissue origin using WST-1 assay. In addition, we determined the antiproliferative effect with a real-time cell analysis xCELLigence system. Thereafter, to evaluate the barely known in vivo anticancer potential of the most potent molecule haemanthamine, a preliminary study was performed using an Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice model. The results showed that haemanthamine, lycorine and haemanthidine exerted the highest antiproliferative activity. The mean growth percent (GP) value after a single-dose 10 μM treatment was for haemanthamine 21%, for lycorine 21% and for haemanthidine 27% that of untreated control cells (100%). Furthermore, haemanthamine, lycorine and haemanthidine exhibited significant cytotoxicities against all the tested cell lines with individual IC50 values in the micromolar range. Dynamic real-time measures of impedance by xCELLigence indicated that these three compounds suppress cell proliferation after 10 h of treatment at a concentration of 10 μM or higher. Regrettably, in a follow-up in vivo antitumor activity study, haemanthamine showed no statistically significant reduction in the tumor size with no prolongation of survival time of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these results provide a new clue and guidance for exploiting Amaryllidaceae alkaloids as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Darina Muthna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tomsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kralovec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Seifrtova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlikova
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Hostalkova
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Safratova
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Perwein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cermakova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rezacova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
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30
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In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the VO-chrysin complex on a new three-dimensional osteosarcoma spheroids model and a xenograft tumor in mice. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:1009-1020. [PMID: 27696106 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary tumor of bone, occurring predominantly in the second decade of life. High-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgical resection have improved prognosis, with long-term survival for patients with localized disease. Vanadium is an ultra-trace element that after being absorbed accumulates in bone. Besides, vanadium compounds have been studied during recent years to be considered as representative of a new class of non-platinum antitumor agents. Moreover, flavonoids are a wide family of polyphenolic compounds that display many interesting biological effects. Since coordination of ligands to metals can improve the pharmacological properties, we report herein, for the first time, the in vitro and in vivo effects of an oxidovanadium(IV) complex with the flavonoid chrysin on the new 3D human osteosarcoma and xenograft osteosarcoma mice models. The pharmacological results show that VOchrys inhibited the cell viability affecting the shape and volume of the spheroids and VOchrys suppressed MG-63 tumor growth in the nude mice without inducing toxicity and side effects. As a whole, the results presented herein demonstrate that the antitumor action of the complex was very promissory on human osteosarcoma models, whereby suggesting that VOchrys is a potentially good candidate for future use in alternative antitumor treatments.
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Frajacomo FTT, de Souza Padilha C, Marinello PC, Guarnier FA, Cecchini R, Duarte JAR, Deminice R. Solid Ehrlich carcinoma reproduces functional and biological characteristics of cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2016; 162:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of the anticancer activity of diruthenium-2, a new trithiolato arene ruthenium complex [(η6-p-MeC6H4Pr i )2Ru2(μ-S-p-C6H4OH)3]Cl. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:643-50. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thompson HJ, Neuhouser ML, Lampe JW, McGinley JN, Neil ES, Schwartz Y, McTiernan A. Effect of low or high glycemic load diets on experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1416-26. [PMID: 26778091 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High glycemic load diets have been associated with increased breast cancer risk in population-based studies, but the evidence is mixed. This investigation determined whether diets differing in glycemic load affected the carcinogenic process using a preclinical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Human diets, formulated to differ 2-fold in glycemic load, were evaluated in the 1-methyl-nitrosourea-induced (37.5 mg/kg) mammary carcinogenesis model. Cancer incidence (23.3 versus 50.0%, p = 0.032), multiplicity, (0.40 versus 1.03, p = 0.030) and burden, (0.62 versus 1.19 g/rat, p = 0.037) were reduced in the low versus high glycemic load diets, respectively. However, the low glycemic protective effect was attenuated when two purified diets that differed in resistant starch and simulated the glycemic effects of the human diets were fed. Protection was associated with alterations in markers of cell growth regulation. CONCLUSION Our findings show that human low or high glycemic load dietary patterns differentially affect the carcinogenic response in a nondiabetic rodent model for breast cancer. However, factors that are associated with these patterns, in addition to dietary carbohydrate availability, appear to account for the differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - John N McGinley
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Neil
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Animal models of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. Cancer Lett 2016; 387:114-120. [PMID: 26850374 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. Investigating the mechanisms of liver metastasis and control of disease progression are important strategies for improving survival of these patients. Liver metastasis is a multi-step process and relevant models representing these steps are necessary to understand the mechanism of liver metastasis and establish appropriate treatments. Recently, the development of animal models for use in metastasis research has greatly increased; however, there is still a lack of models that sufficiently represent human cancer. Thus, in order to select an optimal model for of a given study, it is necessary to fully understand the characteristics of each animal model. In this review, we describe the mouse models currently used for colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, their characteristics, and their pros and cons. This may help us specify the mechanism of liver metastasis and provide evidence relevant to clinical applications.
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35
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Schmidt KM, Geissler EK, Lang SA. Subcutaneous Murine Xenograft Models: A Critical Tool for Studying Human Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1464:129-137. [PMID: 27858362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3999-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous tumor models are widely used in angiogenesis research. Due to the relative simplicity, these mouse models are ideal for the evaluation of molecular hypotheses. In addition, these models are frequently used to assess anti-angiogenic efficacy during drug development. Finally, subcutaneous models can be performed with either xenogeneic or syngeneic tumors, both harboring advantages and drawbacks. Herein, we describe the use of subcutaneous xenograft models in anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ozaki S, Vuyyuru R, Kageyama K, Terai M, Ohara M, Cheng H, Manser T, Mastrangelo MJ, Aplin AE, Sato T. Establishment and Characterization of Orthotopic Mouse Models for Human Uveal Melanoma Hepatic Colonization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:43-56. [PMID: 26613897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare type of melanoma, although it is the most common primary ocular malignant tumor in adults. Nearly one-half the patients with primary UM subsequently develop systemic metastasis, preferentially to the liver. Currently, no treatment is effective for UM hepatic metastasis, and the prognosis is universally poor. The main challenge in designing a treatment strategy for UM hepatic metastasis is the lack of suitable animal models. We developed two orthotopic mouse models for human UM hepatic metastases: direct hepatic implantation model (intrahepatic dissemination model) and splenic-implantation model (hematogenous dissemination model) and investigated the tumorgenesis in the liver. A human UM cell line, established from a hepatic metastasis and nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient γ mice, were used for development of in vivo tumor models. In the direct hepatic implantation model, a localized tumor developed in the liver in all cases and intrahepatic dissemination was subsequently seen in about one-half of cases. However, in the splenic implantation model, multiple hepatic metastases were observed after splenic implantation. Hepatic tumors subsequently seeded intra-abdominal metastasis; however, lung metastases were not seen. These findings are consistent with those observed in human UM hepatic metastases. These orthotopic mouse models offer useful tools to investigate the biological behavior of human UM cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ozaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure-shi, Japan
| | - Raja Vuyyuru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Masahiro Ohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanyin Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tim Manser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Kabel AM, Omar MS, Balaha MF, Borg HM. Effect of metformin and adriamycin on transplantable tumor model. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:498-505. [PMID: 26276089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adriamycin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic used in treatment of many types of cancer. Metformin is antidiabetic drug and is under investigation for treatment of cancer. The aim of this work was to study the effect of each of adriamycin and metformin alone and in combination on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) in mice. Eighty BALB/C mice were divided into four equal groups: SEC group, SEC+adriamycin, SEC+metformin, SEC+adriamycin+metformin. Tumor volume, survival rate, tissue catalase, tissue reduced glutathione, tissue malondialdehyde, tissue sphingosine kinase 1 activity, tissue caspase 3 activity and tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha were determined. A part of the tumor was examined for histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Adriamycin or metformin alone or in combination induced significant increase in the survival rate, tissue catalase, reduced glutathione and tissue caspase 3 activity with significant decrease in tumor volume, tissue malondialdehyde, tissue sphingosine kinase 1 activity and tumor necrosis factor alpha and alleviated the histopathological changes with significant increase in Trp53 expression and apoptotic index compared to SEC group. In conclusion, the combination of adriamycin and metformin had a better effect than each of these drugs alone against transplantable tumor model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Omar
- Division of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Balaha
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hany M Borg
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Yuan ZQ, Li JZ, Liu Y, Chen WL, Yang SD, Zhang CG, Zhu WJ, Zhou XF, Liu C, Zhang XN. Systemic delivery of micelles loading with paclitaxel using N-succinyl-palmitoyl-chitosan decorated with cRGDyK peptide to inhibit non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:141-51. [PMID: 26188316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare efficient cRGDyK peptide-decorated micelles for the targeted therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An amphiphilic copolymer N-succinyl-palmitoyl-chitosan (SPCS) was synthesized and characterized. cRGDyK peptide is a ligand that can target tumors via specific binding integrin receptor overexpressed on tumor neovascularization and cells. cRGDyK-functionalized SPCS micelles loaded with paclitaxel (PTX/cRGDyK-SPCS) were prepared by film dispersion method and then characterized according to morphology, size, and zeta potential. PTX/cRGDyK-SPCS micelles presented pH-triggered drug release behavior under acidic conditions. The accumulation of micelles detected by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that cRGDyK-SPCS micelles were easily taken up by A549 cells marked with the luciferase gene (luc-A549). Meanwhile, co-localization of the micelles and lysosomes was recorded dynamically using a live cell station. MTT assays and cell apoptosis studies revealed that cell viability was significantly inhibited by PTX/cRGDyK-SPCS micelles. More importantly, in vivo animal studies showed that cRGDyK-SPCS micelles mainly accumulated in the orthotopic tumor site. PTX/cRGDyK-SPCS micelles exhibited better anti-tumor activity in subcutaneous and orthotopic lung tumors compared with PTX/SPCS micelles and Taxol(®). These results suggested that PTX/cRGDyK-SPCS micelles had better cancer targeting capacity and superior anti-tumor efficacy. Thus, these micelles have great potential as novel carriers in delivering anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-zhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-liang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-di Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-ge Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-feng Zhou
- College of Radiological Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- The hospital of Suzhou People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-nong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Ding ZY, Luo XM, Liu J, Zhong WN, Deng GH, Xia XY, Deng YT, Wei YQ, Jiang Y. Mannan-modified adenovirus targeting TERT and VEGFR-2: A universal tumour vaccine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11275. [PMID: 26085010 PMCID: PMC4471666 DOI: 10.1038/srep11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs) express mannan receptors (MR) on their surface, which can be exploited in cancer therapy by designing immune-stimulatory viruses coated with mannan-modified capsids that then bind to DCs and initiate a potent immune response. Although the combination of anti-angiogenesis and cancer immunotherapy agents has a synergistic antitumor effect, more effective strategies for delivering such combinations are still required. Here we report the design and application of mannan-modified adenovirus that expresses both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are reactive to TERT and VEGFR-2 are capable of mounting an anti-tumour response in murine breast and colon tumour models and in a lung metastatic model. Compared with mannan-modified TERT adenovirus vaccine or mannan-modified VEGFR-2 adenovirus vaccine alone, the combined vaccine showed remarkably synergistic anti-tumour immunity in these models. Both TERT- and VEGFR-2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were identified in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay, and the CTL activity against tumour cells was significantly elevated in the combined vaccine group. Furthermore, CTL-mediated toxicity was blocked by anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the combined mannan-modified TERT and VEGFR-2 adenovirus confers potent anti-tumour immunity by targeting both tumour cells and intratumoural angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China [2] Department of East Ward Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Mei Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Ning Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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40
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Tomšík P, Muthná D, Řezáčová M, Mičuda S, Ćmielová J, Hroch M, Endlicher R, Červinková Z, Rudolf E, Hann S, Stíbal D, Therrien B, Süss-Fink G. [(p-MeC6H4Pr )2Ru2(SC6H4-p-Bu )3]Cl (diruthenium-1), a dinuclear arene ruthenium compound with very high anticancer activity: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Mishra DK, Creighton CJ, Zhang Y, Chen F, Thrall MJ, Kim MP. Ex vivo four-dimensional lung cancer model mimics metastasis. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1149-56. [PMID: 25701100 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a four-dimensional (4D) lung cancer model that forms perfusable tumor nodules. We determined if the model could be modified to mimic metastasis. METHODS We modified the 4D lung cancer model by seeding H1299, A549, or H460 cells through the trachea only to the left lobes of the acellular lung matrix. The model was modified so that the tumor cells can reach the right lobes of the acellular lung matrix only through the pulmonary artery as circulating tumor cells (CTC). We determined the gene expressions of the primary tumor, CTCs, and metastatic lesions using the Human OneArray chip. RESULTS All cell lines formed a primary tumor in the left lobe of the ex vivo 4D lung cancer model. The CTCs were identified in the media and increased over time. All cell lines formed metastatic lesions with H460 forming significantly more metastatic lesions than H1299 and A549 cells. The CTC gene signature predicted poor survival in lung cancer patients. Unique genes were significantly expressed in CTC compared with the primary tumor and metastatic lesion. CONCLUSIONS The 4D lung cancer model can isolate tumor cells in 3 phases of tumor progression. This 4D lung cancer model may mimic the biology of lung cancer metastasis and may be used to determine its mechanism and potential therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva K Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fengju Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Thrall
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Min P Kim
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
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Husmann K, Arlt MJE, Jirkof P, Arras M, Born W, Fuchs B. Primary tumour growth in an orthotopic osteosarcoma mouse model is not influenced by analgesic treatment with buprenorphine and meloxicam. Lab Anim 2015; 49:284-93. [PMID: 25650386 DOI: 10.1177/0023677215570989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the treatment of bone pain in animal models of bone cancer. In the present study, the orthotopic 143-B human osteosarcoma xenotransplantation model was used to address the following questions: (1) Can repetitive analgesic treatment extend the experimental period by prolonging the time to reach humane endpoints and (2) Does repetitive analgesic treatment affect bone tumour development and metastasis? The analgesics, buprenorphine and meloxicam, were either applied individually or in combination at 12 h intervals as soon as the animals began to avoid using the tumour cell injected leg. While control mice treated with NaCl showed continuous body weight loss, the major criterion previously for terminating the experiments, animals treated with analgesic substances did not. The control mice had to be sacrificed 26 days after tumour cell injection, whereas the groups of animals with the different pain treatments were euthanized after an additional eight days. Importantly, primary intratibial tumour growth was not affected in any of the experimental groups by any of the pain treatment procedures. Between days 26 and 34 after tumour cell injection an increase of about 100% of the number of lung metastases was found for the groups treated with buprenorphine alone or together with meloxicam, but not for the group treated with meloxicam alone. In summary, the results indicated that both buprenorphine and meloxicam are suitable analgesics for prolonging the experimental periods in an experimental intratibial osteosarcoma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Husmann
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M J E Arlt
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Arras
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Born
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Fuchs
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Alamo P, Gallardo A, Di Nicolantonio F, Pavón MA, Casanova I, Trias M, Mangues MA, Lopez-Pousa A, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Bardelli A, Céspedes MV, Mangues R. Higher metastatic efficiency of KRas G12V than KRas G13D in a colorectal cancer model. FASEB J 2014; 29:464-76. [PMID: 25359494 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although all KRas (protein that in humans is encoded by the KRas gene) point mutants are considered to have a similar prognostic capacity, their transformation and tumorigenic capacities vary widely. We compared the metastatic efficiency of KRas G12V (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog with valine mutation at codon 12) and KRas G13D (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog with aspartic mutation at codon 13) oncogenes in an orthotopic colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Following subcutaneous preconditioning, recombinant clones of the SW48 CRC cell line [Kras wild-type (Kras WT)] expressing the KRas G12V or KRas G13D allele were microinjected in the mouse cecum. The percentage of animals developing lymph node metastasis was higher in KRas G12V than in KRas G13D mice. Microscopic, macroscopic, and visible lymphatic foci were 1.5- to 3.0-fold larger in KRas G12V than in KRas G13D mice (P < 0.05). In the lung, only microfoci were developed in both groups. KRas G12V primary tumors had lower apoptosis (7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.0 per field, P = 0.02), higher tumor budding at the invasion front (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.04), and a higher percentage of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-overexpressing intravasated tumor emboli (49.8 ± 9.4% vs. 12.8 ± 4.4%, P < 0.001) than KRas G13D tumors. KRas G12V primary tumors showed Akt activation, and β5 integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and Serpine-1 overexpression, whereas KRas G13D tumors showed integrin β1 and angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2) overexpression. The increased cell survival, invasion, intravasation, and specific molecular regulation observed in KRas G12V tumors is consistent with the higher aggressiveness observed in patients with CRC expressing this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alamo
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Torino, Italy
| | - Miguel Angel Pavón
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Trias
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Departments of General and Digestive Surgery
| | | | - Antonio Lopez-Pousa
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Torino, Italy; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain;
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Terp MG, Ditzel HJ. Application of proteomics in the study of rodent models of cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:640-52. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel G. Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Oncology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
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Fahim DK, Tatsui CE, Suki D, Gumin J, Lang FF, Rhines LD. Orthotopic murine model of a primary malignant bone tumor in the spine: functional, bioluminescence, and histological correlations. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 21:378-85. [PMID: 24971476 DOI: 10.3171/2014.5.spine13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT There is currently no reproducible animal model of human primary malignant bone tumors in the spine to permit laboratory investigation of the human disease. Therefore, the authors sought to adapt their previously developed orthotopic model of spinal metastasis to a model for primary malignant bone tumors of the spine. METHODS A transperitoneal surgical approach was used to implant osteosarcoma (Krib-1) into the L-3 vertebral body of nude mice via a drill hole. Motor function was evaluated daily using the previously validated qualitative key milestones of tail dragging, dorsal stepping, hindlimb sweeping, and paralysis. A subset of these animals was euthanized upon reaching the various milestones, and the spines were removed, sectioned, and stained. The degree of spinal cord compression was correlated with the occurrence of milestones and assessed by a ratio between the neural elements divided by the area of the spinal canal. Another subset of animals received stably transfected Krib-1 cells with the luciferase gene, and bioluminescence was measured at 10, 20, and 30 days postimplantation. RESULTS Osteosarcoma xenografts grew in all animals according to a reliable and reproducible time course; the mean time for development of behavioral milestones was noted in relation to the day of implantation (Day 1). Tail dragging (Milestone 1) occurred on Day 19.06 (95% CI 16.11-22.01), dorsal stepping (Milestone 2) occurred on Day 28.78 (95% CI 26.79-30.77), hindlimb sweeping (Milestone 3) occurred on Day 35.61 (95% CI 32.9-38.32), and paralysis of the hindlimb (Milestone 4) occurred on Day 41.78 (95% CI 39.31-44.25). These clinically observed milestones correlated with increasing compression of the spinal cord on histological sections. The authors observed a progressive increase in the local bioluminescence (in photons/cm²/sec) of the implanted level over time with a mean of 2.17 (range 0.0-8.61) at Day 10, mean 4.68 (range 1.17-8.52) at Day 20, and mean 5.54 (range 1.22-9.99) at Day 30. CONCLUSIONS The authors have developed the first orthotopic murine model of a primary malignant bone tumor in the spine, in which neurological decline reproducibly correlates with tumor progression as evidenced by pathological confirmation and noninvasive bioluminescence measurements. Although developed for osteosarcoma, this model can be expanded to study other types of primary malignant bone tumors in the spine. This model will potentially allow animal testing of targeted therapies against specific primary malignant tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fahim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Craveiro RB, Ehrhardt M, Holst MI, Pietsch T, Dilloo D. In comparative analysis of multi-kinase inhibitors for targeted medulloblastoma therapy pazopanib exhibits promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy. Oncotarget 2014; 5:7149-61. [PMID: 25216529 PMCID: PMC4196191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the recent advances in cytotoxic therapies, 30% of children diagnosed with medulloblastoma. succumb to the disease. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are warranted. Here we demonstrate that Pazopanib a clinically approved multi-kinase angiogenesis inhibitor (MKI) inhibits proliferation and apoptosis in medulloblastoma cell lines. Moreover, Pazopanib profoundly attenuates medulloblastoma cell migration, a prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. In keeping with the observed anti-neoplastic activity of Pazopanib, we also delineate reduced phosphorylation of the STAT3 protein, a key regulator of medulloblastoma proliferation and cell survival. Finally, we document profound in vivo activity of Pazopanib in an orthotopic mouse model of the most aggressive c-myc amplified human medulloblastoma variant. Pazopanib reduced the growth rate of intracranial growing medulloblastoma and significantly prolonged the survival. Furthermore, to put these results into a broader perspective we analysed Pazopanib side by side with the MKI Sorafenib. Both compounds share a similar target profile but display different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics with distinct cytotoxic activity in different tumor entities. Thus, we identified Pazopanib as a new promising candidate for a rational clinical assessment for targeted paediatric medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michael Ehrhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Martin I Holst
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Dilloo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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Varna M, Bertheau P, Legrès L. Tumor Microenvironment in Human Tumor Xenografted Mouse Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-7229.2014.03.03.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Martell RE, Brooks DG, Wang Y, Wilcoxen K. Discovery of novel drugs for promising targets. Clin Ther 2014; 35:1271-81. [PMID: 24054704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once a promising drug target is identified, the steps to actually discover and optimize a drug are diverse and challenging. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to provide a road map to navigate drug discovery. METHODS Review general steps for drug discovery and provide illustrating references. RESULTS A number of approaches are available to enhance and accelerate target identification and validation. Consideration of a variety of potential mechanisms of action of potential drugs can guide discovery efforts. The hit to lead stage may involve techniques such as high-throughput screening, fragment-based screening, and structure-based design, with informatics playing an ever-increasing role. Biologically relevant screening models are discussed, including cell lines, 3-dimensional culture, and in vivo screening. The process of enabling human studies for an investigational drug is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Drug discovery is a complex process that has significantly evolved in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Martell
- TESARO Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts; Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Alamo P, Gallardo A, Pavón MA, Casanova I, Trias M, Mangues MA, Vázquez E, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Céspedes MV. Subcutaneous preconditioning increases invasion and metastatic dissemination in mouse colorectal cancer models. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:387-96. [PMID: 24487410 PMCID: PMC3944498 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse colorectal cancer (CRC) models generated by orthotopic microinjection of human CRC cell lines reproduce the pattern of lymphatic, haematological and transcoelomic spread but generate low metastatic efficiency. Our aim was to develop a new strategy that could increase the metastatic efficiency of these models. We used subcutaneous implantation of the human CRC cell lines HCT116 or SW48 prior to their orthotopic microinjection in the cecum of nude mice (SC+ORT). This subcutaneous preconditioning significantly enhanced metastatic dissemination. In the HCT116 model it increased the number and size of metastatic foci in lymph nodes, lung, liver and peritoneum, whereas, in the SW48 model, it induced a shift from non-metastatic to metastatic. In both models the number of apoptotic bodies in the primary tumour in the SC+ORT group was significantly reduced compared with that in the direct orthotopic injection (ORT) group. Moreover, in HCT116 tumours the number of keratin-positive tumour buddings and single epithelial cells increased at the invasion front in SC+ORT mice. In the SW48 tumour model, we observed a trend towards a higher number of tumour buds and single cells in the SC+ORT group but this did not reach statistical significance. At a molecular level, the enhanced metastatic efficiency observed in the HCT116 SC+ORT model was associated with an increase in AKT activation, VEGF-A overexpression and downregulation of β1 integrin in primary tumour tissue, whereas, in SW48 SC+ORT mice, the level of expression of these proteins remained unchanged. In summary, subcutaneous preconditioning increased the metastatic dissemination of both orthotopic CRC models by increasing tumour cell survival and invasion at the tumour invasion front. This approach could be useful to simultaneously study the mechanisms of metastases and to evaluate anti-metastatic drugs against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alamo
- Oncogenesis and Antitumour Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SantPau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Esmaeili M, Bathen TF, Engebråten O, Mælandsmo GM, Gribbestad IS, Moestue SA. Quantitative (31)P HR-MAS MR spectroscopy for detection of response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in breast cancer xenografts. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1973-81. [PMID: 23878023 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phospholipid metabolites are of importance in cancer studies, and have been suggested as candidate metabolic biomarkers for response to targeted anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to develop a phosphorus ((31) P) high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol for quantification of phosphorylated metabolites in intact cancer tissue. METHODS (31) P spectra were acquired on a 14.1 T spectrometer with a triplet (1) H/(13) C/(31) P MAS probe. Quantification of metabolites was performed using the PULCON principle. Basal-like and luminal-like breast cancer xenografts were treated with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235, and the impact of treatment on the concentration of phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphoethanolamine was evaluated. RESULTS In basal-like xenografts, BEZ235 treatment induced a significant decrease in phosphoethanolamine (-25.6%, P = 0.01) whilst phosphocholine (16.5%, P = 0.02) and glycerophosphocholine (37.3%, P < 0.001) were significantly increased. The metabolic changes could partially be explained by increased levels of phospholipase A2 group 4A (PLA2G4A). CONCLUSION (31) P high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful method for quantitative assessment of metabolic responses to PI3K inhibition. Using the PULCON principle for quantification, the levels of phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine could be evaluated with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Esmaeili
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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