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Shaw P, Dwivedi SKD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Rao G. VEGF signaling: Role in angiogenesis and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189079. [PMID: 38280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells, promoting neovascularization. While VEGF's role in angiogenesis is well-documented, its influence on the other aspects in tumor microenvironemt is less discussed. This review elaborates on VEGF's impact on intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including how VEGF affects pericyte proliferation and migration and mediates interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, resulting in PDL-1-mediated immunosuppression and Nrf2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The review discusses VEGF's involvement in intra-organelle crosstalk, tumor metabolism, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It also provides insights into current anti-VEGF therapies and their limitations in cancer treatment. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge concerning VEGF signaling and its impact, not only on angiogenesis but also on various other oncogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Inflammation- and Metastasis-Related Proteins Expression Changes in Early Stages in Tumor and Non-Tumor Adjacent Tissues of Colorectal Cancer Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184487. [PMID: 36139645 PMCID: PMC9497293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-tumor adjacent tissue plays a key role in colorectal cancer development, as well as chronic inflammation, but their role has not yet been dilucidated. In addition, inflammation is a process which is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, but their changes across the different colorectal cancer stages are not fully studied. Understanding how these processes participate in all colorectal cancer phases can be key to a better understanding of the disease. Abstract Chronic inflammation can induce malignant cell transformation, having an important role in all colorectal cancer (CRC) phases. Non-tumor adjacent tissue plays an important role in tumor progression, but its implication in CRC has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim was to analyze the expression of inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis-related proteins in both tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues from CRC patients by western blot. Tumor tissue presented an increase in metastasis and EMT-related proteins compared to non-tumor adjacent tissue, especially in stage II. Tumor tissue stage II also presented an increase in inflammatory-related proteins compared to other stages, which was also seen in non-tumor adjacent tissue stage II. Additionally, the relapse-free survival study of Vimentin and VEGF-B expression levels in stage II patients showed that the higher the expression levels of each protein, the lower 10-year relapse-free survival. These could suggest that some metastasis-related signalling pathways may be activated in stage II in tumor tissue, accompanied by an increase in inflammation. Furthermore, non-tumor adjacent tissue presented an increase of the inflammatory status that could be the basis for future tumor progression. In conclusion, these proteins could be useful as biomarkers of diagnosis for CRC at early stages.
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Raimondi A, Nichetti F, Peverelli G, Di Bartolomeo M, De Braud F, Pietrantonio F. Genomic markers of resistance to targeted treatments in gastric cancer: potential new treatment strategies. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:1047-1068. [PMID: 30041572 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, displaying a complex genomic landscape and an unfavorable outcome with standard therapies. Based on distinctive genomic alterations, novel targeted agents have been developed with the aim of personalizing treatments and improving patient outcome. However, a subgroup of patients is primarily treatment-resistant, and even in the initially sensitive population, secondary resistance emerges, thus limiting therapeutic benefit. In this review, we summarize the clinical data about standard targeted agents in gastric cancer, specifically anti-HER2 treatments and antivascular therapies. We also illustrate the available evidence regarding molecular mechanisms of resistance to these agents and we discuss potential strategies for new targeted treatments that could overcome such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Raimondi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Peverelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Di Bartolomeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology & Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology & Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy
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Xu Q, Chen J, Ni S, Tan C, Xu M, Dong L, Yuan L, Wang Q, Du X. Pan-cancer transcriptome analysis reveals a gene expression signature for the identification of tumor tissue origin. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:546-56. [PMID: 26990976 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of unknown primary, wherein metastatic disease is present without an identifiable primary site, accounts for ~3-5% of all cancer diagnoses. Despite the development of multiple diagnostic workups, the success rate of primary site identification remains low. Determining the origin of tumor tissue is, thus, an important clinical application of molecular diagnostics. Previous studies have paved the way for gene expression-based tumor type classification. In this study, we have established a comprehensive database integrating microarray- and sequencing-based gene expression profiles of 16 674 tumor samples covering 22 common human tumor types. From this pan-cancer transcriptome database, we identified a 154-gene expression signature that discriminated the origin of tumor tissue with an overall leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy of 96.5%. The 154-gene expression signature was first validated on an independent test set consisting of 9626 primary tumors, of which 97.1% of cases were correctly classified. Furthermore, we tested the signature on a spectrum of diagnostically challenging tumors. An overall accuracy of 92% was achieved on the 1248 tumor specimens that were poorly differentiated, undifferentiated or from metastatic tumors. Thus, we have identified a 154-gene expression signature that can accurately classify a broad spectrum of tumor types. This gene panel may hold a promise to be a useful additional tool for the determination of the tumor origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Canhelp Genomics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Shujuan Ni
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yu JP, Lu WB, Wang JL, Ni XC, Wang J, Sun ZQ, Sun SP. Pathologic response during chemo-radiotherapy and variation of serum VEGF levels could predict effects of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1111-6. [PMID: 25735340 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between pathologic tumor response to concurrent chemo- radiotherapy and variation of serum VEGF in patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty six patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy were enrolled. Endoscopic and pathologic examination was conducted before and four weeks afterwards. Serum level of VEGF was documented before, four weeks later and after chemo-radiotherapy. The relationship between pathologic response and the variation of serum level of VEGF and its influence on the prognosis were investigated. RESULTS Serum level of VEGF decreased remarkably during and after chemo-radiotherapy in patients whose pathologic response was severe (F=5.393, 4.587, P(0.05). There were no statistical differences of serum VEGF level before, during and after chemo-radiotherapy for patients whose pathologic response was moderate or mild. There were 18 (85.7%), 7 (53.8%) and 6 patients (50.0%) whose serum VEGF level dropped in the severe, moderate and mild group, respectively, with significant differences among these groups (p=0.046). Two year survival rates of patients with severe, moderate and mild pathologic response were 61.9%, 53.8% and 33.3% respectively, and no statistically difference between severe and mild group regarding OS (p=0.245) was tested. CONCLUSIONS Tumor pathologic response during chemo-radiotherapy and the changes of serum VEGF lever could predict curative effects of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China E-mail :
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Patel KR, Vajaria BN, Begum R, Patel JB, Shah FD, Joshi GM, Patel PS. VEGFA isoforms play a vital role in oral cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6321-32. [PMID: 25804797 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and prognostication. A key angiogenesis stimulator is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The present investigation aimed to study contribution of VEGFA isoforms in oral cancer progression. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were employed to analyze tissue VEGFA isoforms and serum VEGF levels, respectively, in 109 oral cancer cases and 50 controls. VEGF183 and VEGF165 were significantly downregulated in malignant tissues as compared to adjacent normal tissues. VEGF183 and VEGF189 were significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor size. VEGF165 was significantly higher in recurrent early stage tumors. Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in cases as compared to the controls and were associated with tumor differentiation. Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent advanced stage tumors. Further, patients with high levels of VEGF165 and serum VEGF levels had the worst prognosis. VEGFA isoform status and serum VEGF levels play a significant role in the progression as well as prognosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal R Patel
- Biochemistry Research Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Room No. 305, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380 016, Gujarat, India
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