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Bartnykaitė A, Savukaitytė A, Ugenskienė R, Daukšaitė M, Korobeinikova E, Gudaitienė J, Juozaitytė E. Associations of MDM2 and MDM4 Polymorphisms with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040866. [PMID: 33669778 PMCID: PMC7922970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDM2 and MDM4 have been associated with various cancers. However, the influence on clinical characteristics of breast cancer has not been sufficiently investigated yet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between SNPs in MDM2 (rs2279744, rs937283, rs937282) and MDM4 (rs1380576, rs4245739) and I-II stage breast cancer. For analysis, the genomic DNA was extracted from 100 unrelated women peripheral blood. Polymorphisms were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. The study showed that MDM2 rs937283 and rs937282 were significantly associated with estrogen receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. SNPs rs1380576 and rs4245739, located in MDM4, were significantly associated with status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Our findings suggest that rs937283 AG, rs937282 CG, rs1380576 CC, and rs4245739 AA genotypes were linked to hormonal receptor positive breast cancer and may be useful genetic markers for disease assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Bartnykaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3-703-778-7317
| | - Aistė Savukaitytė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Rasa Ugenskienė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Daukšaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Erika Korobeinikova
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Jurgita Gudaitienė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Elona Juozaitytė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
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Diakite B, Kassogue Y, Dolo G, Wang J, Neuschler E, Kassogue O, Keita ML, Traore CB, Kamate B, Dembele E, Nadifi S, Murphy RL, Doumbia S, Hou L, Maiga M. p.Arg72Pro polymorphism of P53 and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:206. [PMID: 33076844 PMCID: PMC7574232 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The effect of the p.Arg72Pro variant of the P53 gene on the risk of development ofbreast cancer remains variable in populations. However, the use ofstrategies such aspoolingage-matched controls with disease may provide a consistent meta-analysis. Our goal was to perform a meta-analysis in order to assess the association of p.Arg72Pro variant of P53 gene with the risk of breast cancer. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Genetics Medical Literature, Harvard University Library, Web of Science and Genesis Library were used to search articles. Case-control studies with age-matched on breast cancer havingevaluated the genotype frequencies of the TP53 p.Arg72Pro polymorphism were selected. The fixed and random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) were calculated using pooled odds ratio of 95% CI to determine the risk of disease. Inconsistency was calculated to determine heterogeneity among the studies. The publication bias was estimated using the funnel plot. Results Twenty-one publications with 7841 cases and 8876 controls were evaluated in this meta-analysis. Overall, our results suggested that TP53 p.Arg72Pro was associated with the risk of breast cancer for the dominant model (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02–1.16, P = 0.01) and the additive model (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.17, P = 0.03), but not for the recessive model (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.97–1.18, P = 0.19). According to the ethnic group analysis, Pro allele was associated with the risk of breast cancer in Caucasians for the dominant model and additive model (P = 0.02), and Africans for the recessive model and additive model (P = 0.03). Conclusions This meta-analysis found a significant association between TP53 p.Arg72Pro polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer. Individuals carrying at least one Pro allele were more likely to have breast cancer than individuals harboring the Arg allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brehima Diakite
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali. .,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali. .,Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Yaya Kassogue
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali.,Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Guimogo Dolo
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jun Wang
- Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, IL60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Erin Neuschler
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Oumar Kassogue
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Cheick B Traore
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bakarou Kamate
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali
| | - Etienne Dembele
- Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, IL60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Sellama Nadifi
- Hassan II University Aïn chock, 20000, Casablanca,19, Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad,, Morocco
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, IL60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Teaching Hospital Center of Point G, 333, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lifang Hou
- Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, IL60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, 1805, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies Sciences de Bamako (USTTB), Hamdallaye ACI, 2000, Bamako, Mali.,Preventive Medicine Department, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, IL60611, Chicago, USA
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Jalilvand A, Yari K, Aznab M, Rahimi Z, Salahshouri Far I, Mohammadi P. A case-control study on the SNP309T → G and 40-bp Del1518 of the MDM2 gene and a systematic review for MDM2 polymorphisms in the patients with breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23529. [PMID: 32951271 PMCID: PMC7755803 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The current research was conducted to study the association between the SNP309 and del1518 polymorphisms with the breast cancer in the patients with the Kurdish ethnic background from western Iran. Also, a systematic review of the relevant case‐control studies on the MDM2 polymorphisms in the patients with breast cancer was performed. Methodology Two mL of peripheral blood was taken from 100 patients with breast cancer and 100 healthy individuals. The frequencies of MDM2 SNP309 and del1518 genotypes and alleles were determined using the PCR‐RFLP and PCR methods, respectively. Results The frequency of the TT, TG, and GG of MDM2‐SNP309 genotypes in the patients was obtained as 23%, 52%, and 25%, and they were equal to 22%, 40%, and 38% in the control group, respectively. Also, considering the MDM2‐del1518 polymorphism, the frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del genotypes were equal to 52%, 41%, and 7% in the breast cancer group and they were equal to 62, 30, and 8% in the control group, respectively. Analysis of the results indicated that the GG genotype plays a protective role for the breast cancer in the recessive model (GG vs TT + TG) of SNP309 (χ2 = 3.916, P = .048, and OR = 0.54). Conclusion Our findings revealed that the GG genotype of MDM2‐SNP309 can play a protective role in the breast cancer disease. Also, our systematic review indicated that the SNP309, SNP285, and del1518 of MDM2 gene in different populations mostly did not have a significant association with the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Jalilvand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Yari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Zagros Bioidea Co, Razi University Incubator, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozaffar Aznab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncologist-Hematologist, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshouri Far
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Mukhopadhyay P, Guha U, Ganguly K, Bhattacharjee S, Sengupta M. A meta-analysis and in silico analysis of polymorphic variants conferring breast cancer risk in the Indian subcontinent. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2121-2142. [PMID: 32744066 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic association studies on breast cancer on the Indian subcontinent have yielded conflicting results, and the precise effect of these variants on breast cancer pathogenesis is not known. Methods: Genomic variants, as obtained from selected studies from the Indian subcontinent, were subjected to random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analysis. Functional annotation of the relevant variants was done through a tried and tested in silico pipeline. Results: We found rs4646903/CYP1A1, rs1799814/CYP1A1, rs61886492/GCPII, del2/GSTM1, rs4680/COMT and rs1801394/MTRR to be associated with breast cancer. The del2/GSTM1 holds the association in premenopausal women. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent analysing the extent of association of variants across populations followed by their functional annotation in the disease pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pramiti Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Udayan Guha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Near Netaji Subhas Sanatorium Post Office, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
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Yilmaz M, Tas A, Donmez G, Kacan T, Silig Y. Significant Association of the MDM2 T309G Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk in a Turkish Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1059-1062. [PMID: 29699057 PMCID: PMC6031795 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be important etiological factors. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) T309G interacts with p53 and mutations in p53 are present in approximately 50% of all cancers. However, it has been reported that effect of the polymorphism on breast cancer risk may vary in different populations. Here, we therefore investigated whether there is an association between MDM2 T309G (rs2279744) polymorphism and breast cancer in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: We analysed 110 patients with breast cancer and 138 matched? controls. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction and restriction length fragment polymorphism methods were used. Results: A significant difference was observed between case and control groups with regard to the distribution of the MDM2 T309G polymorphism (p<0.05). There was a significantly higher frequency of the TT genotype in the control group (p=0.028; OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.09-5.37). However, we did not find any relationships among tumor grade and metastasis status and this polymorphism. Conclusion: This study indicates that the MDM2 T309G polymorphism GG genotype and the TG+GG combination may be risk factors for breast cancer in our Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yilmaz
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Cumhuriyet University of Tourism Faculty, Sivas, Turkey.
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Panciani PP, Giordana MT, Gallone S, Muratori A, Rotunno R, Migliorati K, Spena G, Ducati A, Fontanella M. Blood-tissue analysis of TP53 polymorphisms and survival of patients with glioma. J Neurosurg Sci 2018; 65:8-13. [PMID: 29308633 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.18.04284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TP53 in the pathogenesis of glioma is still debated. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of several TP53 SNPs in the risk of glioma and their possible role as prognostic biomarkers of overall and progression-free survival. METHODS We examined 12 SNPs in TP53 from peripheral blood and neoplastic tissue of patients with a diagnosis of glioma who underwent surgery from 2012 to 2015. Direct genomic sequencing of TP53 was performed to detect the presence of polymorphisms. We compared data with a matched cancer-free control group and the NCBI SNPs database. Overall and progression-free survival were analyzed in patients with glioblastoma subjected to gross total resection and concomitant radio-chemotherapy. RESULTS No association was observed with glioma susceptibility and overall survival. Two new SNPs were detected: c.97-46 G>A (intron 3) and c.783-31 A>G (intron 7). The number of SNPs observed was higher (21.4%) in blood than in tumoral samples. We observed a significant reduction in progression-free survival in patients with at least one exonic SNP. CONCLUSIONS We can hypothesize an involvement of TP53 SNPs in response mechanisms to adjuvant treatment that may affect progression-free survival. Moreover, our blood-tissue combined study revealed a significant difference in SNPs between blood and tumoral samples, probably due to glioma heterogeneity and genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria T Giordana
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Unit of Clinical Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Muratori
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rotunno
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Karol Migliorati
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ducati
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Fontanella
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Association of rs2279744 and rs117039649 promoter polymorphism with the risk of gynecological cancer: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9554. [PMID: 29480845 PMCID: PMC5943879 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested that rs2279744 is associated with rs117039649 polymorphism, which can increase the risk of gynecological cancers, including cervical, ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer. The results are inconsistent so that we performed a meta-analysis of current literature to clarify the impacts of these polymorphisms on gynecological cancer. METHODS Eligible articles were identified through an exhaustive search of relevant databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Springer Link, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Weipu database for the period up to July 2016. Data about the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cancer risk were refined from the selected articles as well as other information about cases and controls, and all of them were extracted by 2 independent researchers and pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated. RESULTS This analysis included 24 articles, 27 case-control studies of rs2279744 polymorphism and 3 case-control studies of rs117039649 polymorphism. Significant association with the risk of gynecological cancer was observed for both SNPs. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity and cancer type (cervical, ovarian, breast, and endometrial) also showed a positive relationship between rs2279744 polymorphism and gynecological cancer risk in Caucasian; and there was also a notable association between rs2279744 polymorphism and cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS We found that rs2279744 (SNP309) and rs117039649 (SNP285) were both associated with the risk of gynecological cancers. Subgroup analysis showed that rs2279744 (SNP309) was associated with the risk of gynecological cancers in Caucasian and Asian according to the ethnicity and cancer type, especially for endometrial cancer.
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Sherborne AL, Lavergne V, Yu K, Lee L, Davidson PR, Mazor T, Smirnoff IV, Horvai AE, Loh M, DuBois SG, Goldsby RE, Neglia JP, Hammond S, Robison LL, Wustrack R, Costello JF, Nakamura AO, Shannon KM, Bhatia S, Nakamura JL. Somatic and Germline TP53 Alterations in Second Malignant Neoplasms from Pediatric Cancer Survivors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1852-1861. [PMID: 27683180 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are severe late complications that occur in pediatric cancer survivors exposed to radiotherapy and other genotoxic treatments. To characterize the mutational landscape of treatment-induced sarcomas and to identify candidate SMN-predisposing variants, we analyzed germline and SMN samples from pediatric cancer survivors.Experimental Design: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing on radiation-induced sarcomas arising from two pediatric cancer survivors. To assess the frequency of germline TP53 variants in SMNs, Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze germline TP53 in 37 pediatric cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) without any history of a familial cancer predisposition syndrome but known to have developed SMNs.Results: WES revealed TP53 mutations involving p53's DNA-binding domain in both index cases, one of which was also present in the germline. The germline and somatic TP53-mutant variants were enriched in the transcriptomes for both sarcomas. Analysis of TP53-coding exons in germline specimens from the CCSS survivor cohort identified a G215C variant encoding an R72P amino acid substitution in 6 patients and a synonymous SNP A639G in 4 others, resulting in 10 of 37 evaluable patients (27%) harboring a germline TP53 variant.Conclusions: Currently, germline TP53 is not routinely assessed in patients with pediatric cancer. These data support the concept that identifying germline TP53 variants at the time a primary cancer is diagnosed may identify patients at high risk for SMN development, who could benefit from modified therapeutic strategies and/or intensive posttreatment monitoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1852-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sherborne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vincent Lavergne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Katharine Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Leah Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Philip R Davidson
- Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tali Mazor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ivan V Smirnoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew E Horvai
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mignon Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Program and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Goldsby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sue Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rosanna Wustrack
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alice O Nakamura
- Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean L Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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