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Soeroso NN, Ananda FR, Sitanggang JS, Vinolina NS. The role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in determining survival rates of lung cancer patients in the population of North Sumatra, Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:853. [PMID: 37427014 PMCID: PMC10329197 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.113303.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gaining a better understanding of molecular alterations in the pathogenesis of lung cancer reveals a significant change in approach to the management and prognosis of lung cancer. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified and have different roles related to survival rates in lung cancer patients. This study aims to determine the role of KRAS, EGFR, and TP53 mutations in the survival rate of lung cancer patients in the population of North Sumatra. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study involving 108 subjects diagnosed with lung cancer from histopathology specimens. DNA extractions were performed using FFPE followed by PCR examinations for assessing the expressions of EGFR, RAS, and TP53 protein. Sequencing analysis was carried out to determine the mutations of EGFR exon 19 and 21, RAS protein exon 2, and TP53 exon 5-6 and 8-9. Data input and analysis were conducted using statistical analysis software for Windows. The survival rate analysis was presented with Kaplan Meier. Results: 52 subjects completed all procedures in this study. Most of the subjects are male (75%), above 60 years old (53.8%), heavy smokers (75%), and suffer from adenocarcinoma type of lung cancer (69.2%). No subjects showed KRAS exon 2 mutations. Overall survival rates increased in patients with EGFR mutations (15 months compared to 8 months; p=0.001) and decreased in patients with TP53 mutations (7 months compared to 9 months; p=0.148). Also, there was increasing Progression-Free Survival in patients with EGFR mutations (6 months compared to 3 months) ( p=0.19) and decreasing PFS in patients with TP53 mutations (3 months compared to 6 months) ( p=0.07). Conclusions: There were no KRAS mutations in this study. EGFR mutations showed a higher survival rate, while TP53 mutations showed a lower survival rate in overall survival and progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni Novisari Soeroso
- Thoracic Oncology Division, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Fannie Rizki Ananda
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
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Cronin-Fenton D, Dalvi T, Movva N, Pedersen L, Hansen H, Fryzek J, Hedgeman E, Mellemgaard A, Rasmussen TR, Shire N, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Nørgaard M. PD-L1 expression, EGFR and KRAS mutations and survival among stage III unresected non-small cell lung cancer patients: a Danish cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16892. [PMID: 34413420 PMCID: PMC8377072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, KRAS (KRASm) and EGFR (EGFRm) mutations may influence non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. We aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression, KRASm, and EGFRm and survival among stage III unresected NSCLC patients. Using Danish registries, we collected data on stage III unresected NSCLC patients diagnosed 2001–2012 and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from pathology archives. We assessed PD-L1 expression in tumors and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) by immunohistochemistry (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ge$$\end{document}≥ 1% threshold for PD-L1+). We genotyped KRAS and EGFR. Follow-up extended from 120 days post-diagnosis to death, emigration, or 31/12/2014. We computed median survival using Kaplan–Meier methods, and hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression associating the biomarkers with death, adjusting for confounders. Among 305 patients, 48% had adenocarcinoma; 38% squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-nine percent had PD-L1+ tumors—51% stage IIIA and 26% KRASm. Few (2%) patients had EGFRm. Median survival in months was 14.7 (95% CI = 11.8–17.9) and 13.4 (95% CI = 9.5–16.3) in PD-L1+ and PD-L1− tumors, respectively. KRASm was not associated with death (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.74–1.51 versus wildtype). PD-L1+ tumors yielded a HR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.63–1.10); PD-L1+ ICs a HR = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.39–0.68). Tumor expression of PD-L1 did not influence survival. PD-L1+ ICs may confer survival benefit in stage III unresected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Cronin-Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hanh Hansen
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Torben R Rasmussen
- Danish Lung Cancer Group, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Prognostic effect of VEGF gene variants in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:433-440. [PMID: 30977010 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical and pathological characteristics are still considered prognostic markers in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients but they cannot explain all interindividual variability. Tumoral angiogenesis mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for the progression and metastasis of the disease. We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of genetic variants within the VEGF pathway in patients with metastatic NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively included 170 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. A comprehensive panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes belonging to the VEGF pathway (VEGFA, VEGFR1/FLT1, VEGFR2/KDR, GRB2, ITGAV, KISS1, KRAS, PRKCE, HIF1α, MAP2K4, MAP2K6, and MAPK11) were genotyped in blood DNA samples. SNPs were evaluated for association with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In multivariate analyses adjusted for patient characteristics, we found that VEGFA rs2010963 and VEGFR2 rs2071559 were significantly associated with OS [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.7 (0.5-0.9); p = 0.026 and HR 1.5 (1.1-2.3); p = 0.025, respectively]. Additionally, ITGAV rs35251833 and MAPK11 rs2076139 were significantly associated with PFS [HR 2.5 (1.4-4.3; p = 0.002 and HR 0.6 (0.5-0.9); p = 0.013, respectively]. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the potential clinical value of germline variants in VEGFA and VEGFR2 and show for the first time variants in ITGAV and MAPK11 as promising prognostic markers in metastatic NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Gulluni F, De Santis MC, Margaria JP, Martini M, Hirsch E. Class II PI3K Functions in Cell Biology and Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:339-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Margaria JP, Ratto E, Gozzelino L, Li H, Hirsch E. Class II PI3Ks at the Intersection between Signal Transduction and Membrane Trafficking. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E104. [PMID: 30884740 PMCID: PMC6468456 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids by the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) is crucial in controlling membrane lipid composition and regulating a wide range of intracellular processes, which include signal transduction and vesicular trafficking. In spite of the extensive knowledge on class I PI3Ks, recent advances in the study of the three class II PI3Ks (PIK3C2A, PIK3C2B and PIK3C2G) reveal their distinct and non-overlapping cellular roles and localizations. By finely tuning membrane lipid composition in time and space among different cellular compartments, this class of enzymes controls many cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival and migration. This review focuses on the recent developments regarding the coordination of membrane trafficking and intracellular signaling of class II PI3Ks through the confined phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Ratto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Gozzelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Zhang SM, Zhu QG, Ding XX, Lin S, Zhao J, Guan L, Li T, He B, Zhang HQ. Prognostic value of EGFR and KRAS in resected non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3393-3404. [PMID: 30237741 PMCID: PMC6138965 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of EGFR and KRAS mutations in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported. However, conflicting results were reported in these studies. The effect of mutations in these two genes in resected NSCLC remains controversial. Methods We searched Internet databases for studies reporting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected NSCLC patients with EGFR or KRAS mutations. A meta-analysis calculating the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for DFS and OS was used to measure the association of EGFR or KRAS mutations with the prognosis of patients after surgery. Results A total of 9,635 patients from 32 studies were included in this analysis. The combined HR for EGFR mutations on DFS was 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.90, p=0.001) and on OS was 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.80, p<0.00001). In addition, the combined HR for KRAS mutations on DFS was 1.5 (95% CI 1.15–1.96, p=0.002) and on OS was 1.49 (95% CI 1.28–1.73, p<0.00001). Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and bias analysis proved the stability of the results. Conclusion The analysis showed that EGFR mutations were significantly associated with DFS and OS. These findings indicated that surgically treated NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations were inclined to exhibit a prolonged DFS and OS. In addition, the results indicated that KRAS mutations predicted worse DFS and OS in patients with resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Qing-Ge Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Xiao Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Song Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Lei Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Bing He
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
| | - Hu-Qin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710049, China, ;
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Xu Y, Zhang F, Pan X, Wang G, Zhu L, Zhang J, Wen D, Lu S. Xenograft tumors derived from malignant pleural effusion of the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer as models to explore drug resistance. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:19. [PMID: 29764505 PMCID: PMC5993147 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions show dramatic responses to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, after 10–12 months, secondary mutations arise that confer resistance. We generated a murine xenograft model using patient-derived NSCLC cells isolated from the pleural fluid of two patients with NSCLC to investigate the mechanisms of resistance against the ALK- and EGFR-targeted TKIs crizotinib and osimertinib, respectively. Methods Genotypes of patient biopsies and xenograft tumors were determined by whole exome sequencing (WES), and patients and xenograft-bearing mice received targeted treatment (crizotinib or osimertinib) accordingly. Xenograft mice were also treated for prolonged periods to identify whether the development of drug resistance and/or treatment responses were associated with tumor size. Finally, the pathology of patients biopsies and xenograft tumors were compared histologically. Results The histological characteristics and chemotherapy responses of xenograft tumors were similar to the actual patients. WES showed that the genotypes of the xenograft and patient tumors were similar (an echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK (EML4–ALK) gene fusion (patient/xenograft: CTC15035EML4–ALK) and EGFR L858R and T790M mutations (patient/xenograft: CTC15063EGFR L858R, T790M)). After continuous crizotinib or osimertinib treatment, WES data suggested that acquired ALK E1210K mutation conferred crizotinib resistance in the CTC15035EML4–ALK xenograft, while decreased frequencies of EGFR L858R and T790M mutations plus the appearance of v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) G7V mutations and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha (PIK3C2A) A86fs frame shift mutations led to osimertinib resistance in the CTC15063EGFR L858R, T790M xenografts. Conclusions We successfully developed a new method of generating drug resistance xenograft models from liquid biopsies using microfluidic technology, which might be a useful tool to investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance in NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0284-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd, 887 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd, 887 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guan Wang
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Danyi Wen
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd, 887 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Genetic variants in the VEGF pathway as prognostic factors in stages II and III colon cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:556-564. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-017-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang L. Screening and Biosensor-Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2420. [PMID: 29065541 PMCID: PMC5677261 DOI: 10.3390/s17102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lung cancer helps to reduce the cancer death rate significantly. Over the years, investigators worldwide have extensively investigated many screening modalities for lung cancer detection, including computerized tomography, chest X-ray, positron emission tomography, sputum cytology, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. However, these techniques are not suitable for patients with other pathologies. Developing a rapid and sensitive technique for early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgently needed. Biosensor-based techniques have been recently recommended as a rapid and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of lung tumor markers. This paper reviews the recent development in screening and biosensor-based techniques for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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