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Kumar V, Rattan V, Rai S. Congenital Maxillomandibular Syngnathia: Review of Literature and Proposed New Classification System. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2021; 20:19-36. [PMID: 33584038 PMCID: PMC7855147 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-019-01308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maxillomandibular fusion (syngnathia) is a rare craniofacial anomaly. It occurs as either fibrous (synechiae) or bony (synostosis) fusion of jaw or fusion of mandible to zygoma, tuberosity, hard palate and temporal bone. There are several documentations delineating this condition but owing to its varying presentation, association with both intraoral and extraoral anomalies and syndromes, reviewing it has been as uphill task. The non-unanimous description of cases in the literature and the use of different nomenclatures make it difficult to classify this condition. METHODS Extensive search of the literature was done from the year 1936 to 2018 which included a total of 118 cases with 62 cases of bony fusion, 48 cases of fibrous fusion and 8 cases of combined fusion, i.e., fibrous on one site and bony on another side. RESULTS This paper proposes a novel, simple and explicit classification system on the basis of nature of fusing tissues, location and extent, association with syndrome after reviewing the existing literature. Furthermore, this review reports 4 new cases of syngnathia along with their clinical, radiographic features and their management protocol. CONCLUSIONS This classification can be generalized to all the cases of syngnathia and can further facilitate in its appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sachin Rai
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Balse N, Ladani P, Jayakar B, Sailer H. Case report on congenital syngnathia: Surgery and a 4-year follow-up. JOURNAL OF CLEFT LIP PALATE AND CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jclpca.jclpca_24_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Oral malformation with complete maxillomandibular bone fusion (Congenital Syngnathia). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:325-326. [PMID: 29673683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Syngnathia is a congenital fusion of the upper and lower jaws. Its occurrence poses a significant challenge to feeding and its management is challenging to both the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Reports in the literature are mainly clinical reports or case series. To the knowledge of the authors and from the available literature, this is only the fourth report from Nigeria. The presentation and successful management of a Nigerian female neonate with congenital syngnathia is described and reviewed with literature.
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Syngnathia Between the Palate and Mouth Floor, Cleft Palate, and Funnel Chest. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:e762-e763. [PMID: 28005814 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syngnathia is a rare malformation involving soft tissue and/or bony adhesions between the maxilla and mandible. Less than 40 patients have been reported in the literature. Here the authors report a 6-month-old infant diagnosed as syngnathia of the palate and mouth floor combined with cleft palate and funnel chest in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Henan Provincial People's Hospital in January 2015. The authors discussed and evaluated the diagnostic and treatment difficulties on surgical and anesthetic procedure. There is no standard treatment protocol, but early treatment is necessary to improve airway functions and infant feeding, and to support proper nutrition for the growth of maxillofacial region.
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Tak HJ, Park TJ, Piao Z, Lee SH. Separate development of the maxilla and mandible is controlled by regional signaling of the maxillomandibular junction during avian development. Dev Dyn 2016; 246:28-40. [PMID: 27756109 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syngnathia is a congenital craniofacial disorder characterized by bony or soft tissue fusion of upper and lower jaws. Previous studies suggested some causative signals, such as Foxc1 or Bmp4, cause the disruption of maxillomandibular identity, but their location and the interactive signals involved remain unexplored. We wanted to examine the embryonic origin of syngnathia based on the assumption that it may be located at the separation between the maxillary and mandibular processes. This region, known as the maxillomandibular junction (MMJ), is involved in segregation of cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme into the presumptive upper and lower jaws. RESULTS Here we investigated the role of Fgf, Bmp, and retinoid signaling during development of MMJ in chicken embryos. By changing the levels of these signals with bead implants, we induced syngnathia with microstomia on the treated side, which showed increased Barx1 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression. Redistribution of proliferating cells was also observed at the proximal region to maxillary and mandibular arch around MMJ. CONCLUSIONS We propose that interactive molecular signaling by Fgfs, Bmps, and retinoids around MMJ is required for normal separation of the maxilla and mandible, as well as the proper positioning of beak commissure during early facial morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 246:28-40, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Tak
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Park
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhenngu Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, GuangZhou City, China
| | - Sang-Hwy Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Lima LB, Barbosa de Paulo LF, Silva CJ, Mendes VC, Simamoto-Júnior PC, Durighetto AF. Congenital oral synechia and ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum: Case report and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 90:196-199. [PMID: 27729131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital intraoral synechias are adhesions of intraoral structures involving soft tissue. These conditions and another anomaly called ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, which is partial fusion of the eyelid margins by bands of tissue, are rarely reported in the literature. The association of both anomalies of the craniomaxillofacial region is an even more unusual finding. PURPOSE This article adds more information to the literature by reporting a case of a neonate with a rare association of bilateral synechia between the jaws, fusion of buccal mucosa to the ridges and between the tongue and palate, and ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum in both eyes, without any other facial or systemic malformation. METHODS A literature review of similar cases published in PUBMED/MEDLINE was conducted followed by a discussion and comparison to the new case. CONCLUSION The rare association of these congenital defects, without the presence of syndromic symptoms, could be diagnosed and treated easily with good prognostic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Barbosa de Paulo
- Program of Specific Care in Oral Disease (PROCEDE), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Jordão Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cézar Simamoto-Júnior
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993-2015). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29:409-15. [PMID: 27439984 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-11-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features and results of treatment of true ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in dogs. METHODS This study was a retrospective case series. Ten client-owned dogs that were presented for inability to open the mouth or a severely decreased range of motion of the temporomandibular joint were included. Information on the surgical procedures performed and the perioperative complications were documented. Three-dimensional printing of the skull was performed in four dogs. RESULTS Two dogs were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint ankylosis and seven dogs with pseudoankylosis. One dog had evidence of combined temporomandibular joint ankylosis and pseudoankylosis. Of the seven dogs with pseudoankylosis, six had an osseous fusion involving the zygomatic arch and mandible. Surgical treatment was performed in nine dogs and a revision surgery was needed in one dog. Follow-up ranged from five months to eight years (mean: 48.6 months). Eight out of nine dogs that were treated surgically regained the ability to open their mouth, but six dogs never regained a fully normal temporomandibular joint range of motion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Temporomandibular joint ankylosis and pseudoankylosis are uncommon in the dog. Surgical treatment for temporomandibular joint ankylosis or pseudoankylosis in dogs is a successful option and carries a prognosis dependent on patient-specific abnormalities. Computed tomography complemented with three-dimensional printing is valuable for understanding the extent of abnormalities and for preoperative planning.
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Li X, Liu H, Gu S, Liu C, Sun C, Zheng Y, Chen Y. Replacing Shox2 with human SHOX leads to congenital disc degeneration of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:345-54. [PMID: 24248941 PMCID: PMC3945842 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists in the glenoid fossa arising from the otic capsule through intramembranous ossification, the fibrocartilaginous disc and the condyle, which is derived from the secondary cartilage by endochondral ossification. We have reported previously that cranial neural-crest-specific inactivation of the homeobox gene Shox2, which is expressed in the mesenchymal cells of the maxilla-mandibular junction and later in the progenitor cells and perichondrium of the developing chondyle, leads to dysplasia and ankylosis of the TMJ and that replacement of the mouse Shox2 with the human SHOX gene rescues the dysplastic and ankylosis phenotypes but results in a prematurely worn out articular disc. In this study, we investigate the molecular and cellular bases for the prematurely worn out articular disc in the TMJ of mice carrying the human SHOX replacement allele in the Shox2 locus (termed Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI)). We find that the developmental process and expression of several key genes in the TMJ of Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI) mice are similar to that of controls. However, the disc of the Shox2 (SHOX-KI/KI) TMJ exhibits a reduced level of Collagen I and Aggrecan, accompanied by increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases and a down-regulation of Ihh expression. Dramatically increased cell apoptosis in the disc was also observed. These combinatory cellular and molecular defects appear to contribute to the observed disc phenotype, suggesting that, although human SHOX can exert similar functions to mouse Shox2 in regulating early TMJ development, it apparently has a distinct function in the regulation of those molecules that are involved in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Shuping Gu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Reddy MP, Raghu SR. Congenital fusion of jaw and ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum: malformation and multiple systems anomaly. Indian J Plast Surg 2013; 45:557-9. [PMID: 23450463 PMCID: PMC3580361 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital fusion of jaw and its association with ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum is reported but is a quite rare congenital benign anomaly. It may be unilateral or bilateral and can present with a single system or multiple systems involvement. This report concentrates on describing the clinical features of above disease, likely aetiological causes, and embryogenesis with classification, diagnostic, and, treatment modality, anesthesia problems and review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika P Reddy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K G F College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Hegab A, ElMadawy A, Shawkat W. Congenital maxillomandibular fusion: a report of three cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1248-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genaro KF, Passos DCBDOF, Berretin-Felix G, Trindade Júnior AS. Atividade muscular da mastigação na anquilose temporomandibular. REVISTA CEFAC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462012005000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: devido à presença de importante disfunção mastigatória em casos com anquilose da articulação temporomandibular (ATM), este trabalho analisou a abertura bucal e a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos mastigatórios para detectar mudanças nesses parâmetros após a cirurgia de liberação da anquilose mandibular. MÉTODO: em 7 indivíduos com anquilose temporomandibular, entre 7 e 30 anos (mediana=9 anos), foi mensurada a distância interincisal máxima ativa (DIMA) e registrada a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos masseteres e temporais durante a contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) e a mastigação habitual, comparando-se os dados pré e pós cirúrgicos pelo teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: maiores valores foram observados para a DIMA após a cirurgia (p=0,0277); o índice de assimetria, não mostrou diferença entre os dois momentos avaliados para ambos os músculos estudados; os valores da EMG durante a CVIM diminuíram após a cirurgia para os músculos masseter direito (p=0,0179) e esquerdo (p=0,0179), mas não para os temporais; não houve modificação nos valores EMG para os músculos estudados, durante a mastigação. CONCLUSÃO: a cirurgia para liberação da anquilose da ATM resultou em aumento da abertura bucal e diminuição da amplitude dos potenciais de ação gerados durante a contração voluntária isométrica máxima para o músculo masseter, em ambos os lados; não modificou o índice de assimetria dos músculos masseter e temporal, bem como a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo temporal, bilateralmente, durante a contração isométrica máxima e músculos masseter e temporal durante a mastigação habitual.
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Bozdag S, Erdeve O, Konas E, Tuncbilek G, Dilmen U. Management of serious isolated gingival synechia in a newborn: case report and review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 40:1428-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saghafinia M, Motamedi MHK, Piryaie M, Rafati H, Saghafi A, Jalali A, Madani SJ, Kolahdehi RB. Survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a major referral center. Saudi J Anaesth 2011; 4:68-71. [PMID: 20927265 PMCID: PMC2945517 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.65131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to assess the demographics, clinical parameters and outcomes of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), by the code blue team at our center to compare with other centers. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from all adult patients who underwent CPR at our hospital from 2007 to 2008. CPR was performed on 290 patients and it was given 313 times. Clinical outcomes of interest were survival at the end of CPR and survival at discharge from the hospital. Factors associated with survival were evaluated via binomial and chi square-tests. Results: Of the 290 patients included, 95 patients (30.4%) had successful CPR. However, only 35 patients (12%) were alive at discharge. The majority requiring CPR were above 60 years of age (61.7%). Males required CPR more than females. There were 125 women (43.1%) and 165 males (56.9%) aged 3 to 78 (average 59.6) years. Majority (179) of the cases (61.7%) were above 60 years of age. Regarding the various wards, 54 cases (17.3%) were in the internal medicine ward, 63 cases (20.1%) in the surgery ward, 1 case (0.3%) in the clinic, 11 cases (3.5%) in the paraclinic, 116 cases (37.1%) in the emergency (ER), 55 cases (17.5%) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Coronary Care Unit (CCU), and 13 cases (4.2%) were in other wards. Cardiac massage was done in 133 cases (42.5%), defibrillation only via electroshock 3 cases (1%), and both were used in177 cases (56.5%). The ER had the most cases of CPR. Both cardiac massage and electroshock defibrillation were needed in most cases. Conclusion: In-hospital CPR for cardiopulmonary arrest was associated with 30.4% success at our center at the end of CPR but only 12% were alive at discharge. Duration of CPR >10 minutes was predictive of significantly decreased survival to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Saghafinia
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Intra oral epithelial bands in a new born: report of two cases and review of literature. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011; 11:351-3. [PMID: 23997492 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-011-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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El-Hakim I, Al-Sebaei M, Abuzennada S, AlYamani A. Congenital fusion of the maxilla and mandible (congenital bony syngnathia). Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:933-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nazerani S, Motamedi MHK, Keramati MR, Nazerani T. Upper extremity resurfacing via an expanded latissimus dorsi musculocutaneus flap for large circumferential defects: the "spiral" reconstruction technique. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2010; 5:115-20. [PMID: 21286355 PMCID: PMC2994632 DOI: 10.1007/s11751-010-0090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an expanded latissimus dorsi musculocutaneus (LDMC) flap to treat circumferential upper extremity defects via resurfacing and “spiral reconstruction” in 5 patients during a 17-year period. Five patients with different indications for tissue expansion from burns to congenital hairy nevi were operated. The expansion was done in a longitudinal direction, and a rectangular tissue expander (TE) was inserted under the LD muscle to expand the flap in a longitudinal direction thereby forming a “long” flap rather than a “wide” one. After excising the circumferential lesion, the expanded “elongated” flap was wrapped spirally around the extremity to cover the defect; the donor site was closed as usual. The 5 patients we treated via LDMC flaps in a spiral fashion were free of complications, and all were satisfied with the outcome. All the flaps survived and the spiral reconstruction allowed for a tension-free donor site closure and near complete recipient coverage. This technique is indicated for large circumferential extremity skin defects and deformities. Application of expanded LDMC flaps in a spiral fashion can be used by the reconstructive surgeon to resurface large circumferential upper extremity lesions when indicated. The idea of a long and thinned expansion flap must be in a longitudinal direction and we need this long expanded and thin flap to “spiral” it around the extremity to cover a large defect. The “spiral” flap coverage introduced here for large circumferential extremity defects enables the surgeon to cover the defect with simultaneous donor site closure and good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Nazerani
- Deptartment of Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Africa Expressway, Golestan St., Giti Blvd. No. 11, 19667 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Tara Nazerani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Fallahi HR, Naeini M, Mahmoudi M, Javaherforoosh F. Congenital zygomatico-maxillo-mandibular fusion: a brief case report and review of literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:930-3. [PMID: 20466517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital maxillomandibular fusion (syngnathia) is rare. The first case was reported in 1936. By 2004, only 25 cases of syngnathia had been reported including 6 cases with fusion of the ascending rami of the mandible with the maxilla and zygomatic complex. This report concerns a 6-month-old girl with a type of congenital fusion of the ascending rami of the mandible with the upper alveolar arch and zygomatic complex that leads to restriction of mouth opening. The clinical features of this anomaly and a brief review of literature are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Fallahi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Villanueva-García D, Contreras-Masse G, Villa-Guillén M, Ramón-García G, Murguía-De Sierra T. Syngnathism in an infant born to consanguineous parents. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2303-5. [PMID: 19725127 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gu S, Wei N, Yu L, Fei J, Chen Y. Shox2-deficiency leads to dysplasia and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Mech Dev 2008; 125:729-42. [PMID: 18514492 PMCID: PMC3010750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique synovial joint whose development differs from the formation of other synovial joints. Mutations have been associated with the developmental defects of the TMJ only in a few genes. In this study, we report the expression of the homeobox gene Shox2 in the cranial neural crest derived mesenchymal cells of the maxilla-mandibular junction and later in the progenitor cells and undifferentiated chondrocytes of the condyle as well as the glenoid fossa of the developing TMJ. A conditional inactivation of Shox2 in the cranial neural crest-derived cells causes developmental abnormalities in the TMJ, including dysplasia of the condyle and glenoid fossa. The articulating disc forms but fuses with the fibrous layers of the condyle and glenoid fossa, clinically known as TMJ ankylosis. Histological examination indicates a delay in development in the mutant TMJ, accompanied by a significantly reduced rate of cell proliferation. In situ hybridization further demonstrates an altered expression of several key osteogenic genes and a delayed expression of the osteogenic differentiation markers. Shox2 appears to regulate the expression of osteogenic genes and is essential for the development and function of the TMJ. The Shox2 conditional mutant thus provides a unique animal model of TMJ ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Gu
- Section of Oral Biology The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus, OH 43210
- Shanghai Research Center for Biomodel Organism Pudong, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Na Wei
- Section of Oral Biology The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ling Yu
- Division of Developmental Biology Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Biomodel Organism Pudong, Shanghai, PR China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Section of Oral Biology The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus, OH 43210
- Division of Developmental Biology Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118
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