Current concepts of oxygen therapy in neonates

Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Care: A Changing Global Landscape

With 98% of neonatal deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading health organizations continue to focus on global reduction of neonatal mortality. The presence of a skilled clinician at delivery has been shown to decrease mortality. However, there remain significant barriers to training and maintaining clinician skills and ensuring that facility-specific resources are consistently available to deliver the most essential, evidence-based newborn care. The dynamic nature of resource availability poses an additional challenge for essential newborn care educators in LMICs. With increasing access to advanced neonatal resuscitation interventions (ie, airway devices, code medications, umbilical line placement), the international health-care community is tasked to consider how to best implement these practices safely and effectively in lower-resourced settings. Current educational training programs do not provide specific instructions on how to scale these advanced neonatal resuscitation training components to match available materials, staff proficiency, and system infrastructure. Individual facilities are often faced with adapting content for their local context and capabilities. In this review, we discuss considerations surrounding curriculum adaptation to meet the needs of a rapidly changing landscape of resource availability in LMICs to ensure safety, equity, scalability, and sustainability.

Recent trends in the nanozeolites-based oxygen concentrators and their application in respiratory disorders

Medical-grade oxygen is the basic need for all medical complications, especially in respiratory-based discomforts. There was a drastic increase in the demand for medical-grade oxygen during the current pandemic. The non-availability of medical-grade oxygen led to several complications, including death. The oxygen concentrator was only the last hope for the patient during COVID-19 pandemic around the globe. The demands also are everlasting during other microbial respiratory infections. The yield of oxygen using conventional molecular zeolites in the traditional oxygen concentrator process is less than the yield noticed when its nano-form is used. Nanotechnology has enlightened hope for the efficient production of oxygen by such oxygen concentrators. Here in the current review work, the authors have highlighted the basic structural features of oxygen concentrators along with the current working principle. Besides, it has been tried to bridge the gap between conventional oxygen concentrators and advanced ones by using nanotechnology. Nanoparticles being usually within 100 nm in size have a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them suitable adsorbents for oxygen. Here authors have suggested the use of nano zeolite in place of molecular zeolites in the oxygen concentrator for efficient delivery of oxygen by the oxygen concentrators.

Global Burden, Epidemiologic Trends, and Prevention of Intrapartum-Related Deaths in Low-Resource Settings

Intrapartum-related neonatal deaths include live-born infants who die in the first 28 days of life from neonatal encephalopathy or die before onset of neonatal encephalopathy and have evidence of intrapartum injury. A smaller portion of the population in poorer countries has access to basic obstetric and postnatal care causing neonatal mortality rates to be higher. Presence of a skilled birth attendant and provision of basic emergency obstetric care can reduce intrapartum birth asphyxia by 40%. With the announcement of Sustainable Development Goals and global Every Newborn Action Plan, there is hope that interventions around continuum of care will save lives.