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Faur AC, Buzaș R, Lăzărescu AE, Ghenciu LA. Current Developments in Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors: From Structure to Artificial Intelligence. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:727. [PMID: 38929710 PMCID: PMC11204840 DOI: 10.3390/life14060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands tumors are uncommon neoplasms with variable incidence, heterogenous histologies and unpredictable biological behaviour. Most tumors are located in the parotid gland. Benign salivary tumors represent 54-79% of cases and pleomorphic adenoma is frequently diagnosed in this group. Salivary glands malignant tumors that are more commonly diagnosed are adenoid cystic carcinomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Because of their diversity and overlapping features, these tumors require complex methods of evaluation. Diagnostic procedures include imaging techniques combined with clinical examination, fine needle aspiration and histopathological investigation of the excised specimens. This narrative review describes the advances in the diagnosis methods of these unusual tumors-from histomorphology to artificial intelligence algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corina Faur
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, ”Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.C.F.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Roxana Buzaș
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostaseology, ”Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Emil Lăzărescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, ”Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.C.F.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Department of Functional Sciences, ”Victor Babeș”University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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2
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Nogueira TFD, Carneiro SGB, Wood LJA, Pegas JRP. Multiple familial trichoepithelioma: report of a disfiguring case. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:459-461. [PMID: 38403551 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
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Brambullo T, De Lazzari A, Franchi A, Trevisson E, Garau ML, Scarmozzino F, Vindigni V, Bassetto F. A Misdiagnosed Familiar Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2240. [PMID: 38673513 PMCID: PMC11050603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the report: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the growth of cylindromas, spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, or their combination. These neoplasms usually begin in the second decade and progressively increase in number and size over the years. Diagnosis necessitates consideration of family history, clinical examination, histological findings, and genetic analysis. The aim of this paper is to explore the clinical overlap between Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We aim to highlight the challenges associated with their differential diagnosis and emphasize the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. Case presentation: Hereby, we introduce the case of a 28-year-old male referred for suspicion of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who initially declined the recommended surgical excision for a scalp mass. After four years, he returned with larger masses of the scalp, and underwent excision of multiple masses, revealing cylindromas, spiradenomas, and spiradenocylindromas. Family history reported similar tumors in his father, who was also diagnosed with NF1 for the presence of multiple subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. Clinical overlap led to a genetic consultation, but testing for CYLD mutations yielded no significant variations. Despite this, the strong family history and consistent findings led to a revised diagnosis of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, correcting the initial misdiagnosis of NF1 syndrome. Conclusions: Thanks to the evolving landscape of BSS research over the past two decades, its molecular underpinnings, clinical presentation, and histopathological features are now clearer. However, a thorough family history assessment is mandatory when BSS is suspected. It is our belief that a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between specialists are essential when dealing with BSS. By sharing this case, we hope to underscore the importance of considering BSS as a differential diagnosis, especially in cases with atypical presentations or overlapping features with other syndromes like NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Brambullo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Alberto De Lazzari
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Arianna Franchi
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garau
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Federico Scarmozzino
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
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Wong KS. Proceedings of the 2024 North American Society of Head and Neck Pathology Companion Meeting, Baltimore, MD, March 24, 2024: Navigating Ancillary Studies in Basaloid/Blue Salivary Tumors. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:24. [PMID: 38526755 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basaloid salivary tumors can demonstrate significant morphologic overlap and be challenging to diagnose. METHODS A review of select ancillary studies in basaloid salivary tumors was performed. RESULTS A number of immunohistochemical stains, including PLAG1, HMGA2, β-catenin, MYB, and RAS Q61R, have been more recently incorporated into the diagnostic workup of basaloid salivary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Although reported variability in their performance has perhaps limited their widespread adoption, these immunohistochemical studies can nevertheless be useful in supporting pathologic diagnoses, particularly when considered in more specific differentials or when used as a panel with other markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine S Wong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kervarrec T, Sohier P, Pissaloux D, de la Fouchardiere A, Cribier B, Battistella M, Macagno N. Genetics of adnexal tumors: An update. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2023; 150:202-207. [PMID: 37270318 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous adnexal tumors form a vast heterogeneous group that include frequent entities that are mostly benign, as well as rare tumors that are occasionally malignant. In contrast to cutaneous tumors arising from the interfollicular epidermis that develop as a result of accumulation of UV-induced DNA damage (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), the oncogenesis of adnexal tumors is related to a broad spectrum of genetic mechanisms (e.g., point mutation, fusion genes, viral integration, etc.). In this setting, specific and recurrent genetic alterations have been progressively reported, and these allow better classification of these entities. For certain of them, immunohistochemical tools are now available, enabling precise integrated histological and molecular diagnosis since certain entities are linked to well-defined alterations. In this context, we aim in this review to summarize the main molecular tools currently available for the classification of adnexal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kervarrec
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - P Sohier
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre - University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - D Pissaloux
- Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - B Cribier
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Battistella
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre - Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - N Macagno
- CARADERM Network, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, AP-HM, University Hospital of la Timone, Marseille, France; University of Aix-Marseille, INSERM U1251, MMG, Marseille, France
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Guerreiro FP, Martins AI, Costa E Silva J, Teixeira N, Ramos JN. Multiple Trichoepithelioma Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e42930. [PMID: 37667697 PMCID: PMC10475157 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple trichoepithelioma syndrome is a rare entity, and little is known about its epidemiological features. Patients usually present with multiple nonsuspicious skin lesions. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment, and diagnosis is usually made after the first pathology report. Once the diagnosis is established, patients are kept under clinical surveillance, and surgery is performed again if tumor burden and/or size justifies it. The authors present a male patient who presented to our outpatient clinic for the first time in 36 years without any relevant medical history, medication, or allergies. The patient had complaints of multiple skin lesions spreading across the head and neck regions. Surgical excision of the affected area and resurfacing using local advancement flaps were performed. Pathology reports were always consistent with trichoepitheliomas. No pathology of spiradenoma or cylindroma was ever reported. Usually, tumors are small enough for simple excision and primary closure. However, in the presented case, the size of the tumor and the involvement of central facial aesthetic units demanded a more complex approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico P Guerreiro
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Ana I Martins
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Joana Costa E Silva
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Nelson Teixeira
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
| | - José N Ramos
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
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Rito M, Esteves S, Fonseca I. Basal Cell Adenoma and Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma: a 50-year Experience From a Single Institution. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1157-1166. [PMID: 35947346 PMCID: PMC9729486 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell adenoma (BCA) and adenocarcinoma (BCAd) are two of the least frequent salivary gland tumors. We describe the largest series of these neoplasms, spanning over a period of 50 years (1970-2020), diagnosed and treated in a single Institution. METHODS Sixty-eight cases were identified. Clinical and pathological data were collected and correlated with outcome. RESULTS Forty-one BCA and 27 BCAd were identified. BCA cases had almost pristine prognosis, with only a relapse in a tumor inadequately excised. Ten patients with BCAd developed metastases, and 14 died from the disease. The 2-year and 5-year survival was of 76% and 42%. CONCLUSIONS The importance of adequate excision is reinforced in BCA, with no recurrences occurring when margins were negative. Contrary to previous reports, BCAd was not associated with a good prognosis. A better understanding of the genetics of these neoplasms may identify therapeutic options when dealing with inoperable or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rito
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Susana Esteves
- Unidade de Investigação Clínica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Vollmer AS, Bertlich I, Haenssle HA. [Solitary reddish-blue nodule with telangiectasia on the face]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 74:1000-1002. [PMID: 37704900 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Vollmer
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Ines Bertlich
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Holger A Haenssle
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Gaudiello F, Costanzo L, Fabbrocini G, Patri A. Facial Trichoepitheliomas Revealing the Rare Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. Int J Trichology 2022; 14:224-225. [PMID: 37034546 PMCID: PMC10075353 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_108_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gaudiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Costanzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Patri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Letona-García NJ, Vasquez-Bonilla WO, Medina P, Porres-Paredes HS, Muñoz-Lara F. Síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler: una infrecuente enfermedad a tener en cuenta en la práctica dermatológica. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler (SBS) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante infrecuente, los pacientes con el SBS presentan mutaciones en el gen supresor tumoral CYLD, más frecuente en mujeres que hombres, entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida con una relación hombre:mujer de 1:6-9.6 y su incidencia exacta se desconoce. Clínicamente se presentan de manera simultánea cilindroma, tricoepiteliomas y espiroadenomas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 64 años, quien consultó por aparición de masas en cabeza, tronco y las cuatro extremidades de 10 años de evolución, posteriormente aparecieron lesiones en cuero cabelludo, donde el crecimiento tuvo una evolución más lenta y que llegaron a ulcerarse; busca atención medica hasta que las lesiones iniciaron a ulcerarse, por lo cual fue referida al Hospital General San Juan de Dios de la Ciudad de Guatemala, al servicio de dermatología, donde se le realizó hematología completa, química sanguínea, tomografía computarizada de cráneo y biopsia incisional en sacabocados de 4 mm de piel de frente, mentón, región preauricular derecha y pierna derecha, el estudio histopatológico de las lesiones cutáneas en las regiones preauricular derecha y de frente reporto cilindroma, piel de mentón tricoepitelioma y piel de pierna derecha espiroadenoma. Con los hallazgos clínicos, estudios de imagen y hallazgos histopatológico se llega al diagnóstico de síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler. El tratamiento fue la prescripción cuidados de piel y derivación a cirugía plástica para tratamiento quirúrgico reconstructivo y seguimiento por la consulta externa de dermatología y cirugía plástica. La presencia de cilindromas, tricoepiteliomas y espiroadenomas hacen pensar en un síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler, que tienden a tener presentaciones muy sugestivas, como el tumor en turbante y desfiguración de la región de la cabeza. El abordaje es multidisciplinario, sin un tratamiento definitivo y seguimiento para evaluar las posibles conversiones a malignidad de las lesiones ulceradas.
Palabras claves: Cilindroma, CYLD, Espiroadenoma, Histopatología.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter O. Vasquez-Bonilla
- Departamento de Patología. Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Pebbles Medina
- Departamento de Patología. Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | | | - Fausto Muñoz-Lara
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Tegucigalpa, Hondura
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Treatment of Malignant Adnexal Tumors of the Skin: A 12-Year Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040998. [PMID: 35205753 PMCID: PMC8870474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant adnexal cancers of the skin—extremely rare neoplasms—are mostly reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These carcinomas occur mainly in the middle-aged (50–60 years of age); they are mostly localized on the upper part of the body and are locally aggressive, infiltrate surrounding tissue, and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The patients’ outcomes depend on multiple prognostic factors, including the size of the primary tumor and its mitotic count. Surgical resection of the primary tumor with or without regional lymph nodes is the treatment method of choice; however, due to aggressive tumor behavior, perioperative treatment may be considered. The role and efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of skin adnexal malignancies are not yet fully defined. Some authors suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy may be considered in locally advanced and regional disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes and assess the efficacy of combined therapy in patients with adnexal malignancies. Our analysis covered all cases of cutaneous adnexal tumor patients diagnosed and provided with multidisciplinary treatment with surgery and radiotherapy since the beginning of 2009.
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Merlo G, Pesce M, Borra T, Orejuela I, Pasquali F, Panizza R, Ghiglione M, Grosso F. Malignant eccrine spiradenocylindroma and parotid gland involvement in brooke spiegler syndrome. Dermatol Reports 2022; 14:9418. [PMID: 36199911 PMCID: PMC9527686 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2022.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare disorder, characterized by the development of skin adnexal tumors, including cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, spiradenomas. Although these neoplasms are benign in most patients, a malignant transformation can rarely occur. Furthermore, an occasional association between cutaneous adnexal tumors and basal cell adenoma as well as adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland has been rarely described, with approximately 20 cases reported. We report a case of BSS presenting with a malignant eccrine spiradenocylindroma, in a patient with previous history of parotid basal cell tumor.
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Tiplica GS, Fritz K, Butacu AI, Ungureanu L, Sălăvăstru CM. Gutartige nichtmelanozytäre Hauttumoren bei Syndromen. Hautarzt 2022; 73:114-126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-04947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nagy N, Dubois A, Szell M, Rajan N. Genetic Testing in CYLD Cutaneous Syndrome: An Update. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:427-444. [PMID: 34744449 PMCID: PMC8566010 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s288274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS) is an inclusive label for the inherited skin adnexal tumour syndromes Brooke–Spiegler Syndrome (BSS-OMIM 605041), familial cylindromatosis (FC – OMIM 132700) and multiple familial trichoepitheliomas (MFT-OMIM 601606). All three syndromes arise due to germline pathogenic variants in CYLD, a tumour suppressor gene (OMIM 605018). CCS is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern, and has variable expressivity, both of the three syndromic phenotypes, and of the severity of tumour burden. Age-related penetrance figures are not precisely reported. The first tumours typically appear during puberty and progressively accumulate through adulthood. Penetrance is typically high, with equal numbers of males and females affected. Genetic testing is important for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis, genetic counselling and family planning, including preimplantation diagnosis. Additionally, identified CCS patients may be eligible for future clinical trials of non-surgical pre-emptive interventions that aim to prevent tumour growth. In this update, we review the clinical presentations of germline and mosaic CCS. An overview of the germline pathogenic variant spectrum of patients with CCS reveals more than 100 single nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions in coding exons, most frequently resulting in predicted truncation. In addition, a minority of patients have large deletions involving the CYLD gene, intronic pathogenic variants that affect splicing, or inversions. We discuss germline and somatic testing approaches. Somatic testing of tumour tissue, relevant in mosaic CCS, can reveal recurrently detected pathogenic variants when two or more tumours are tested. This can influence genetic testing of children, who may inherit this as a germline variant, and inform genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Finally, we discuss testing technologies that are currently used, their benefits and limitations, and future directions for genetic testing in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Eotvos Lorand Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Dubois
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Marta Szell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Eotvos Lorand Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Neil Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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15
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Bourlond F, Battistella M, Amici JM, Dousset L, Vergier B, Beylot-Barry M, Cribier B. Clinicopathologic analysis of trichoblastoma and comparison with nodular basal cell carcinoma. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 148:177-182. [PMID: 34176642 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoblastoma (TB) is an uncommon benign follicular tumour for which clinical data is limited since most reports originate from pathology studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical aspects of TB. METHODS This is an ancillary study of a prospective multicentre cohort of 2710 clinically suspected basal cell carcinoma (BCC), including 935 nodular BCCs. Sixty-two cases were TB: they were analysed and compared to 935 nodular BCCs. RESULTS TB mostly occurred in females (61% vs. 43% for BCC, P<0.01) of mean age 63 years. They were located on the head and neck, mainly on the nose and forehead, in 87% of cases. The mean size was 8.1mm, 77% were<10mm (55% of BCCs, P<0.001), 8% were ulcerated (vs. 21% of BCCs, P<0.02), and 47% persisted for more than 1 year (34% of BCCs, P<0.05). Most cases had a clinical presentation similar to nodular BCC, except for 5 small, flat, white papules and 1 anfractuous plaque. LIMITATIONS Cases originated from a series of tumours clinically suspected as BCCs. DISCUSSION Some 2.6% of tumours clinically diagnosed as BCC are in fact TB. TB occurs on the head, are more frequent in women, and are smaller and of longer duration than BCC. In most cases, clinical diagnosis on clinical grounds is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bourlond
- Dermatology Clinic, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - M Battistella
- Pathology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital AP-HP, Paris University, INSERM U976, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-M Amici
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Saint-André Hospital, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - L Dousset
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Saint-André Hospital, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - B Vergier
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - M Beylot-Barry
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Saint-André Hospital, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1053, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - B Cribier
- Dermatology Clinic, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
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16
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Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome: Familial Cylindromatosis, a Rare Variant of a Rare Familial Syndrome. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2021; 2021:7118260. [PMID: 34258080 PMCID: PMC8245218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7118260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brooke–Spiegler Syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal dominant familial disorder resulting in dermatologic neoplasms of copious nodular appendages. Here, we report a case of Familial Cylindromatosis (FC), a subtype of BSS, in a patient with the largest cylindroma of 7.4 × 5.6 × 3.8 cm on the scalp. The patient had undiagnosed cylindromas growing for 36 years at presentation; however, he did not seek out healthcare evaluation. Excision and pathologic investigation of three large masses from different body sites determined a shared phenotype of cylindromas. Subsequent evaluation of the patient's son separately, after primary patient excision, confirmed cylindroma development as well. The pathologic evidence of cylindromas in the patient with a new history of family incidence confirmed the diagnosis of the FC variant of BSS.
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17
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Surgical Treatment of Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:e356-e358. [PMID: 33177425 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome (BSS) is a very rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease which arises from heterozygous mutations in the CYLD gene. Patients with BSS are predisposed to multiple skin appendage tumors such as cylindromas, which are benign tumors occurring mainly on the scalp. The tumors mostly appear around puberty and usually show slow growth throughout life. Malignant cylindroma formation in BSS patients has been reported. Apart from the skin, major and minor salivary glands have rarely been involved.We here report a case of a 46-year-old female patient with BSS presenting with multiple aesthetically and functionally unpleasing cylindromas covering almost her entire hair-bearing scalp with further tumors on her face. Interestingly, her parotid glands were enlarged and showed multiple lesions with a diameter up to 18 to 20 mm. She was successfully treated by total subgaleal scalp excision and coverage through a dermal substitute and split thickness skin graft. Constant follow-up imaging was initiated to prevent unhindered tumor growth of salivary glands.
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18
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Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Apocrine and Eccrine Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105077. [PMID: 34064849 PMCID: PMC8151110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adnexal tumors of the skin are a rare group of benign and malignant neoplasms that exhibit morphological differentiation toward one or more of the adnexal epithelium types present in normal skin. Tumors deriving from apocrine or eccrine glands are highly heterogeneous and represent various histological entities. Macroscopic and dermatoscopic features of these tumors are unspecific; therefore, a specialized pathological examination is required to correctly diagnose patients. Limited treatment guidelines of adnexal tumor cases are available; thus, therapy is still challenging. Patients should be referred to high-volume skin cancer centers to receive an appropriate multidisciplinary treatment, affecting their outcome. The purpose of this review is to summarize currently available data on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment approach for apocrine and eccrine tumors.
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19
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Płachta I, Kleibert M, Czarnecka AM, Spałek M, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Rutkowski P. Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4759. [PMID: 33946233 PMCID: PMC8125718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but the malignant type can occur. Mainly middle-aged people (50-60 years of age) are affected. These carcinomas are mainly localized on the head and neck or torso. They can be locally aggressive and infiltrate surrounding tissue and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. In the minority of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed. Quick and relevant diagnosis is the basis of a treatment for all types of tumors. The patient's life expectancy depends on multiple prognostic factors, including the primary tumor size and its mitotic count. Patients should be referred to a specialized skin cancer center to receive optimal multidisciplinary treatment. This article tries to summarize all the information that is currently available about pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of follicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Płachta
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Mateusz Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
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20
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Bargiel J, Wyszyńska-Pawelec G, Gontarz M, Gąsiorowski K, Marecik T, Szczurowski P, Zapała J. Turban Tumor Syndrome: In Search of a Gold Standard - A Case Report. Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7:326-328. [PMID: 34307484 DOI: 10.1159/000514855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Turban tumor syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by predisposition to developing multiple adnexal tumors. It is the rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis that is associated with the mutation of the CYLD suppressor gene. We herein report rare TTS in an adult who suffered from numerous episodic ulcerations of the scalp tumors and frequent bleeding following a minor trauma. The plain radiograms of the skull excluded bone marrow infiltration, and no regional lymphadenopathy was noted. The patient underwent total scalp excision and split skin grafting under general anesthesia in a single-stage operation. Recovery was uneventful. No recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up. Due to a high recurrence rate and risk of neoplastic transformation, surgery should be considered as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bargiel
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wyszyńska-Pawelec
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Gontarz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gąsiorowski
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marecik
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Szczurowski
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Zapała
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
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21
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Bülau JE, Kreipe HH, Jessen E, von Hardenberg S, Auber B, Grohé C, Leo F. Pulmonary Cylindromas in CYLD Cutaneous Syndrome: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:e795-e798. [PMID: 33896728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Bülau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ellen Jessen
- Human Genetics, Laboratory Dr. Fenner & Kollegen, MVZ, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Leo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Molecular Pathology of Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Perspective. Adv Anat Pathol 2021; 28:81-93. [PMID: 33405400 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are an uncommon and widely heterogeneous group of tumors. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in efforts to reveal the molecular landscape of these tumors, although it is still limited and appears to be only the tip of the iceberg. Genomic aberrations, especially specific chromosomal rearrangements including CRTC1-MAML2 and CRTC3-MAML2 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, MYB-NFIB and MYBL1-NFIB fusions in adenoid cystic carcinoma, PLAG1 and HMGA2 alterations in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, ETV6-NTRK3 and ETV6-RET in secretory carcinoma, EWSR1-ATF1 and EWSR1-CREM in clear cell carcinoma, provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of various salivary gland neoplasms and help to better classify them. These genetic aberrations primarily serve as diagnostic tools in salivary gland tumor diagnosis; however, some also have promise as prognostic or predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes the latest developments in molecular pathology of salivary gland tumors with a focus on distinctive molecular characteristics.
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Abstract
Basal cell adenoma (BCA) and basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) are uncommon biphasic salivary gland tumors having morphologic similarities to other biphasic salivary gland neoplasms having differentiation toward the intercalated ducts of the salivary gland. Both tumors show mixtures of trabecular, tubular, solid, and membranous solid patterns. BCAC is separated from BCA primarily by the presence of invasion in the former. The diagnosis of BCA and BCAC is best carried out with hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and careful attention to detail of tumors in the differential diagnosis, including adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 5238 H Roy Carver Pavilion, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disorder with variable phenotypic expressivity that results in a variety of benign cutaneous face, scalp, and neck tumors with a histology profile of cylindroma, spiradenoma and trichoepithelioma. Reports of lymph node and distant metastasis are scarce. We present the first case of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome with metastasis to the cervical spine. An 86-year-old female with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome presented to the clinic with a finding of cervical spine lesion involving vertebral body, prevertebral, paraspinal, foraminal, and epidural spaces. The histopathology of the lesion showed benign cylindroma. Considering the location of the lesion and local invasion of neural structures, the malignant transformation of existing tumors could not be excluded. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome rarely presents with malignant transformation and distant metastatic spread. It is important to be aware of these rare cases while monitoring the disease and addressing clinical symptoms. This is to our knowledge the first case of metastatic spread of the cylindroma to the cervical spine resulting in local bone destruction and neural elements compromise. Physicians should be aware of this rare possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Cibull
- Pathology and Laboratory Services, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA
| | - Noam Stadlan
- Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.,Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HeathSystem, Chicago, USA
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25
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Abstract
Background: Brooke–Spiegler Syndrome is a rare genetic autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance. Its main feature consists of the development of multiple adnexal tumors that originate from the follicular-sebaceous-apocrine unit, most commonly: cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and spiradenomas. Case presentation: We present four cases of Brooke–Spiegler Syndrome found in our clinic, as well as their clinicopathological traits and the surgical techniques used in their management. The familial history of three of the presented cases supports the genetic component of the disease. Cylindromas, spiradenomas and trichoepitheliomas coexisted in one of the cases presented. The therapeutic options used were electrocautery, CO2 laser, as well as tumor debulking followed by closure with metal staples. Discussion: The treatment remains a challenge and must be individualized based on the type, location and number of the lesions. Conservative methods such as CO2 laser and tumor debulking accompanied by closure with metal staples remain a viable option taking into account the large number of lesions. As patients usually develop multiple neoplasms throughout their lifetime, repeated procedures may be needed. Conclusion: Considering the few numbers of Brooke–Spiegler syndrome cases in the current literature, the authors report these patients in order to increase awareness and to help establish the most appropriate approach in managing the disease.
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26
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Srikantharajah T, Skovby F, Behrendt N, Jemec GBE, Saunte DM. Can we clinically identify patients at risk of malignant transformation of skin tumors in Brooke–Spiegler syndrome? ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2020.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Cui Z, Kang H, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. CYLD Alterations in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:14-24. [PMID: 32883697 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme, are associated with the formation of tumors in CYLD cutaneous syndrome. Genome sequencing efforts have revealed somatic CYLD alterations in multiple human cancers. Moreover, in cancers commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), CYLD alterations are preferentially observed in the HPV-positive versus HPV-negative form of the disease. The CYLD enzyme cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin from substrate proteins, resulting in the disassembly of key protein complexes and the inactivation of growth-promoting signaling pathways, including pathways mediated by NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Loss-of-function CYLD alterations lead to aberrant activation of these signaling pathways, promoting tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. This review summarizes the association and potential role of CYLD somatic mutations in HPV-positive cancers, with particular emphasis on the role of these alterations in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Potential therapeutic strategies for patients whose tumors harbor CYLD alterations are also discussed. IMPLICATIONS: Alterations in CYLD gene are associated with HPV-associated cancers, contribute to NF-κB activation, and are implicated in invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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28
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Carton de Tournai D, Vandernoot I, Marangoni M, Faverly D, Diaz M, Casagranda A, Berlingin E, Van Maldergem L. CYLD-related cutaneous syndrome: variable p.Pro482fs*6 phenotype in five individuals from two unrelated families. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e81-e83. [PMID: 32678957 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Carton de Tournai
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Mons, Belgium.,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Vandernoot
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Mons, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Marangoni
- Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Faverly
- Center of Morphological Pathology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Diaz
- Department of Oncology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - A Casagranda
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - E Berlingin
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - L Van Maldergem
- Clinical Investigation Center 1431, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France.,Center of Human Genetics, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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29
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Thomas LW, Pham CT, Coakley B, Lee P. Treatment of Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome Trichoepitheliomas with Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:41-44. [PMID: 32983336 PMCID: PMC7492015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome (BSS) can present with benign cylindromas, spiradenomas, spiradenocylindromas, and trichoepithelioma. Therapy options include excision, electrocautery, CO2 laser ablation, dermabrasion, and radiofrequency. Here, we present a patient with BSS with multiple trichoepitheliomas who was successfully treated with erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser therapy and review similar cases of BSS treated with a YAG laser modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan W Thomas
- All authors are with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, in Irvine, California
| | - Christine T Pham
- All authors are with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, in Irvine, California
| | - Brandon Coakley
- All authors are with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, in Irvine, California
| | - Patrick Lee
- All authors are with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, in Irvine, California
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30
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Aslan Kayiran M, Karadağ AS, Küçük Y, Çobanoğlu Şimşek B, Erdemir VA, Akdeniz N. Are clinicians successful in diagnosing cutaneous adnexal tumors? a retrospective, clinicopathological study. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:832-843. [PMID: 32283901 PMCID: PMC7379409 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2002-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CAT) are rare tumors originating from the adnexal epithelial parts of the skin. Due to its clinical and histopathological characteristics comparable with other diseases, clinicians and pathologists experience difficulties in its diagnosis.We aimed to reveal the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the retrospectively screened cases and to compare the prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses of clinicians. Materials and methods The data of the last 5 years were scanned and patients with histopathological diagnosis of CAT were included in the study. Results A total of 65 patients, including 39 female and 26 male patients aged between 8 and 88, were included in the study. The female to male ratio was 1.5, and the mean age of the patients was 46.15 ± 21.8 years. The benign tumor rate was 95.4%, whereas the malignant tumor rate was 4.6%. 38.5% of the tumors were presenting sebaceous, 35.4% of them were presenting follicular, and 18.5% of them were presenting eccrine differentiation. It was most commonly seen in the head-neck region with a rate of 66.1%. When clinical and histopathological prediagnoses were compared, prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses were compatible in 45% of the cases. Most frequently, it was the basal cell carcinoma, epidermal cyst, and sebaceous hyperplasia identified in preliminary diagnoses. Conclusion Cutaneous adnexal tumors are very important, as they can accompany different syndromes and may be malignant. Due to difficulties in its clinical diagnosis, histopathological examination must be performed from suspicious lesions for definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Aslan Kayiran
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Serap Karadağ
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Küçük
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengü Çobanoğlu Şimşek
- Department of Pathology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vefa Asli Erdemir
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Akdeniz
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
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31
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Cengiz FP, Kelahmetoglu O, Yildiz P, Yenigun A, Emiroglu N, Akarslan TC, Shbair A, Seker M, Tekce E, Onsun N. A case of multiple familial trichoepitelioma with malignant transformation successfully treated with Vismodegib. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13569. [PMID: 32401420 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma P Cengiz
- Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kelahmetoglu
- Department of Plastic and Esthetic Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yildiz
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yenigun
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazan Emiroglu
- Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahsin C Akarslan
- Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdallah Shbair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Seker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Tekce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nahide Onsun
- Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Sarikaya Solak S, Yalcıntepe S, Atahan C, Nagy N, Can N. A novel nonsense mutation of the CYLD gene in a Turkish family with multiple familial trichoepithelioma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:508-511. [PMID: 31833565 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sarikaya Solak
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - S Yalcıntepe
- Department of, Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - C Atahan
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - N Nagy
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - N Can
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.,Department of, Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Jo VY, Krane JF. Ancillary testing in salivary gland cytology: A practical guide. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 126 Suppl 8:627-642. [PMID: 30156767 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland cytology is challenging, and historically the role of ancillary testing has been limited. However, numerous molecular/genetic advances in the understanding of salivary gland neoplasms during the last decade have facilitated the development of many useful diagnostic markers, such as PLAG1 and HMGA2 immunohistochemistry for pleomorphic adenoma and ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization for secretory carcinoma. Numerous salivary gland neoplasms are characterized by specific molecular/genetic alterations, many of which can be identified on cytologic preparations by karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or immunohistochemical surrogates. Next-generation sequencing also has potential diagnostic applications, although to the authors' knowledge it currently has no routine role in salivary cytology. The primary goal of salivary fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is to facilitate appropriate clinical management. Ancillary testing has greatly enhanced the ability for accurate classification as per The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology and allows for the definitive diagnosis of many salivary FNA specimens, and also may resolve diagnostic uncertainty for FNAs that may be classified in The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology categories of salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential or suspicious for malignancy. This review provides an updated discussion of the molecular/genetic features of the more commonly encountered salivary neoplasms by FNA, and discusses the application of available diagnostic immunohistochemical and molecular tests in salivary gland cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey F Krane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bell AH, Prieto VG, Ferrarotto R, Goepfert RP, Myers JN, Weber R, Bell D. Magnifying glass on spiradenoma and cylindroma histogenesis and tumorigenesis using systematic transcriptome analysis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:14-23. [PMID: 31128548 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spiradenoma and cylindroma are related sweat gland tumors. To delineate their histogenesis, gene profiles, and their potential drivers, we performed a whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis of fourteen samples of spiradenoma/cylindroma in comparison to normal samples. A total of 12 spiradenomas, 5 cylindromas, 3 hybrid spiradenomas/cylindromas and 2 adnexal carcinomas were included in this study. 1335 characteristic genes and transcripts expressed over all 14 spiradenoma/cylindroma tumors were identified, and two groups of expression profiles were observed. Highest upregulated top 7 gene signatures characterized benign tumors with developmental and differentiation related genes, and carcinomas with top 7 genes mainly related to signaling, reorganization and metabolism of membranes. Immunohistochemistry of protein expressions validated 4 upregulated genes (ODAM, HOXB13, MYB and SOX10) considered important and as potential biomarkers for spiradenomas and cylindromas. We further compared the transcriptome of eccrine adnexal tumors with the transcriptome of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to identify the overlapping genes that may indicate histogenesis. There were 36 specific genes overlapping between adnexal carcinomas and the epithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, and 27 specific genes overlapping benign adnexal tumors with the myoepithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, At this point there is no known specific biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma and cylindroma in small samples or biopsies within the context of morphological overlap with ACC. In conclusion, spiradenomas and cylindromas are characterized by overexpressed developmental genes, where LHX2 and activated WNT signaling possibly drive associated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim H Bell
- Department of Research Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan P Goepfert
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randal Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Seethala RR, Altemani A, Ferris RL, Fonseca I, Gnepp DR, Ha P, Nagao T, Skalova A, Stenman G, Thompson LDR. Data Set for the Reporting of Carcinomas of the Major Salivary Glands: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:578-586. [PMID: 30500293 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0422-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose goal is to develop evidence-based, internationally agreed-upon standardized data sets for each anatomic site, to be used throughout the world. Providing global standardization of pathology tumor classification, staging, and other reporting elements will lead to achieving the objective of improved patient management and enhanced epidemiologic research. Salivary gland carcinomas are relatively uncommon, and as such, meaningful data about the many histologic types are not easily compared. Morphologic overlap between tumor types makes accurate classification challenging, but there are often significant differences in patient outcomes. Therefore, issues related to tumor type, tumor grading, high-grade transformation, extent of invasion, number and size of nerves affected, and types of ancillary studies are discussed in the context of daily application to specimens from these organs. This review focuses on the data set developed for salivary gland carcinomas with discussion of the key core and noncore elements developed for inclusion by an international expert panel of head and neck and oral-maxillofacial pathologists and surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja R Seethala
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Dr Seethala) and Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology (Dr Ferris), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Altemani); the Pathological Anatomy Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa & Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal (Dr Fonseca); Head and Neck Pathology, Rye Brook, New York (Dr Gnepp); the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Ha); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Nagao); the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic (Dr Skalova); the Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (Dr Stenman); and the Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
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Véleine Y, Chiriac S, Pouzet L, Jayyosi L, Correia N, François C. [Free latissimus dorsi flap lacing and local care in two-stage scalp reconstruction]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2019; 64:380-383. [PMID: 30827572 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Surgical treatment of large and multiple lesions of irradiated scalp may require subtotal scalp exeresis and reconstruction in two-stage free flap surgery: harvesting and placing the flap first, then scalp removing and defect covering in a second step. This strategy raises the question of how to care the flap between the two surgeries. We report an original technique of free latissimus dorsi flap lacing. A 70-year-old male, afflicted with familial cylindromatosis and treated by brachytherapy 18years ago, received a free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in two-stage surgery, allowing 25×25cm pathological scalp exeresis. During first step, suture clips were fixed in two rows around the future scalp defect, in order to be used as anchors for the flap lacing. Braided wire were chosen for a better steerability, and to prevent knots untightening. Thus, the flap were placed in "anatomical" place, next to the scalp, pending secondary procedure. This situation permitted to avoid flap or pedicle compression or plication, and to ease flap care. The wires were tighten as shoelaces, allowing them to be undone and done as desired. The two-stage free latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction of scalp large defect permitted us to assess the flap reliability before final reconstruction. The lacing solution allowed us regular local care and convenient flap handling, while favoriting its optimal placing next to its future location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Véleine
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - S Chiriac
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - L Pouzet
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - L Jayyosi
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - N Correia
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - C François
- Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital Maison-Blanche, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France; EA 3801, université de Champagne-Ardenne, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
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Andersson MK, Kölby L, Nilsson JA, Stenman G. Clinical, genetic and experimental studies of the Brooke–Spiegler (CYLD) skin tumor syndrome. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2019; 53:71-75. [DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2018.1547736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias K. Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wollina U, Schönlebe J. Giant Mushroom-Like Cutaneous Cylindroma of the Head. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1868-1870. [PMID: 30455764 PMCID: PMC6236036 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dermal cylindroma is a rare benign skin tumour. CASE REPORT: We report a giant stalked, mush-room-like cylindroma of the head-and-neck region in a 73-year-old female patient. A tumour was surgically removed, and the defect could be closed by a cheek transposition flap. CONCLUSION: The mushroom-like growth pattern has yet not been described for cylindroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schönlebe
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University, Institute of Pathology "Georg Schmorl", Dresden, Germany
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Monteiro AF, Saraiva Gil F, Rato M, Osório T, Tavares E. An extremely rare association of multiple familial trichoepitheliomas and hereditary multiple osteochondromas. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:e157-e159. [PMID: 30246361 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Monteiro
- Dermatovenereology Department, Hospital de Santarém EPE, Santarém, Portugal
| | | | - Margarida Rato
- Dermatovenereology Department, Hospital de Santarém EPE, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Tomás Osório
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo, EPE - Hospital José Joaquim Fernandes, Beja, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Tavares
- Dermatovenereology Department, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
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40
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Patra S, Sethuraman G, Kumar R. Turban Tumor: A Classical Presentation of Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. Indian Dermatol Online J 2018; 9:284-285. [PMID: 30050828 PMCID: PMC6042198 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_320_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Patra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G Sethuraman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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41
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Mohiuddin W, Laun J, Cruse W. Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. EPLASTY 2018; 18:ic14. [PMID: 30093932 PMCID: PMC6062842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Mohiuddin
- aDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jake Laun
- bDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla,Correspondence:
| | - Wayne Cruse
- bDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
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42
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Parren LJMT, Giehl K, van Geel M, Frank J. Phenotype variability in tumor disorders of the skin appendages associated with mutations in the CYLD gene. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:599-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cutaneous Adnexal Cylindroma of Breast: Epithelial Immunoreactivities for GATA-3, Mammaglobin, and E-Cadherin Do Not Equate to a Mammary Ductal Neoplasm. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018:4039545. [PMID: 29651355 PMCID: PMC5831977 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4039545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindromas are benign epithelial neoplasms derived from cutaneous eccrine adnexal structures. These tumors are most commonly encountered on the head, neck, and scalp of older women. In rare instances, solitary cylindromas may arise at other body sites. In the current case, a cylindroma of the skin of the breast was diagnosed by complete excision. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the tumor cells to be immunoreactive with cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 7, p63, and SOX10. The neoplastic cells were also noted to be immunoreactive with markers typically expected to be positive in ductal epithelium of the breast including GATA3, mammaglobin, and E-cadherin. The case emphasizes the importance of correlating clinical setting, imaging studies, patient history, and careful microscopic evaluation in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. This case also illustrates the point that not all “breast” tumors that are confirmed to be positive for GATA3, mammaglobin, and E-cadherin are derived from mammary ducts.
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Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: A Review of Dermatological Manifestations and Other Symptoms. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:87-101. [PMID: 28695430 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis with malignant potential characterized by cutaneous and extracutaneous stigmata. Aberrations in the folliculin (FLCN) gene, which is located on chromosome 17, have been discovered in individuals with this condition. Over 150 unique mutations have been identified in BHD. The skin lesions associated with this condition include fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, perifollicular fibromas, and acrochordons. Extracutaneous features of the syndrome typically include the lung (spontaneous pneumothorax and cysts) and the kidney (neoplasms). The only malignancies associated with BHD are renal cancers; however, other tumors have been observed in individuals with BHD. In this article, the skin lesions associated with this condition are reviewed, lung and renal manifestations associated with this syndrome are presented, and malignancies occurring in these patients are summarized.
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45
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Hrdinka M, Gyrd-Hansen M. The Met1-Linked Ubiquitin Machinery: Emerging Themes of (De)regulation. Mol Cell 2017; 68:265-280. [PMID: 29053955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, LUBAC, is the only known mammalian ubiquitin ligase that makes methionine 1 (Met1)-linked polyubiquitin (also referred to as linear ubiquitin). A decade after LUBAC was discovered as a cellular activity of unknown function, there are now many lines of evidence connecting Met1-linked polyubiquitin to NF-κB signaling, cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. We now know that Met1-linked polyubiquitin has potent signaling functions and that its deregulation is connected to disease. Indeed, mutations and deficiencies in several factors involved in conjugation and deconjugation of Met1-linked polyubiquitin have been implicated in immune-related disorders. Here, we discuss current knowledge and recent insights into the role and regulation of Met1-linked polyubiquitin, with an emphasis on the mechanisms controlling the function of LUBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matous Hrdinka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Distinctive Patterns of CTNNB1 (β-Catenin) Alterations in Salivary Gland Basal Cell Adenoma and Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 40:1143-50. [PMID: 27259009 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland basaloid neoplasms are diagnostically challenging. Limited publications report that some basal cell adenomas harbor CTNNB1 mutations, and nuclear β-catenin expression is prevalent. We evaluated β-catenin expression in basal cell adenomas and adenocarcinomas in comparison with salivary tumors in the differential diagnosis and performed targeted genetic analysis on a subset of cases. β-catenin immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded whole sections from 73 tumors. Nuclear staining was scored semiquantitatively by extent and intensity. DNA was extracted from 6 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples (5 basal cell adenomas, 1 basal cell adenocarcinoma) for next-generation sequencing. Nuclear β-catenin staining was present in 18/22 (82%) basal cell adenomas; most were diffuse and strong and predominant in the basal component. Two of 3 basal cell adenocarcinomas were positive (1 moderate focal; 1 moderate multifocal). All adenoid cystic carcinomas (0/20) and pleomorphic adenomas (0/20) were negative; 2/8 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas showed focal nuclear staining. Most β-catenin-negative tumors showed diffuse membranous staining in the absence of nuclear staining. Four of 5 basal cell adenomas had exon 3 CTNNB1 mutations, all c.104T>C (p.I35T). Basal cell adenocarcinoma showed a more complex genomic profile, with activating mutations in PIK3CA, biallelic inactivation of NFKBIA, focal CYLD deletion, and without CTNNB1 mutation despite focal β-catenin expression. Nuclear β-catenin expression has moderate sensitivity (82%) for basal cell adenoma but high specificity (96%) in comparison with its morphologic mimics. CTNNB1 mutation was confirmed in most basal cell adenomas tested, and findings in basal cell adenocarcinoma suggest possible tumorigenic mechanisms, including alterations in PI3K and NF-κB pathways and transcriptional regulation.
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47
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Kennedy RA, Thavaraj S, Diaz-Cano S. An Overview of Autosomal Dominant Tumour Syndromes with Prominent Features in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:364-376. [PMID: 28110467 PMCID: PMC5550396 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several autosomal dominant inherited tumour syndromes demonstrate prominent features in the oral and maxillofacial region. Although multiple organ systems are frequently involved, the target organs more frequently affected are the skin (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Muir-Torre syndrome), gastrointestinal tract (Peutz-Jegher syndrome and Gardner syndrome) or endocrine system (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome). In some syndromes, the disease is multisystem with skin index lesions presenting in the head and neck (Cowden syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex). The pertinent features of these syndromes are reviewed with a systems-based approach, emphasising their clinical impact and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kennedy
- Head and Neck Pathology, King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s & St, NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK ,Head and Neck Pathology, Guy’s Hospital, Floor 4, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Head and Neck Pathology, King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s & St, NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Salvador Diaz-Cano
- Department of Histopathology, King’s College Hospital, London, SE5 9R UK
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