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Gonçalves FD, Almeida ML, Martins JM, Carvalho LH, Rodrigues JA, Ramos RM. Gas-diffusion microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD for the comprehensive analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds in wood-based panels. Talanta 2024; 272:125818. [PMID: 38402738 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a novel application of gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) for the comprehensive analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds released from wood-based panels. GDME is a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly technique that allows the simultaneous extraction and derivatization of volatile carbonyls directly from solid samples. Commercial particleboards were analysed together with particleboard panels specifically produced using controlled conditions, materials, and reagents, to evaluate the differences in the emission profile of volatile carbonyl compounds. The effect of different production parameters, such as the type of wood particle, resin, and moisture content, on the emission profile of volatile carbonyls from particleboards was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that GDME-HPLC-DAD could successfully differentiate particleboards according to their emission of carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, and other aliphatic carbonyls. Besides the differences on the emission of formaldehyde caused by the type of resin used, UF (urea-formaldehyde) and mUF (UF fortified with melamine), it was found that pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) particleboards exhibit higher emissions of compounds such as acetaldehyde or hexanal when compared to the higher emissions of compounds such as furfural or benzaldehyde on the recycled particleboards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Daniela Gonçalves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida L Almeida
- DEMad - Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal; LEPABE - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Martins
- DEMad - Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal; LEPABE - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa H Carvalho
- DEMad - Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal; LEPABE - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - José António Rodrigues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Miguel Ramos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Ude F, Schumann A, Telgheder U. Non-destructive, solvent-free quantification of wood preservatives in wood flour and wooden objects using GC-DTIMS. Talanta 2024; 268:125331. [PMID: 37918250 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative on-site detection methods for wood preservatives are of high value for the recycling industry and the occupational health and safety. Wood preservatives revealed as toxic to human and environment after decades of use. For the detection of contaminated wood and for processing of matured timber to particle boards a versatile detection method is needed. Especially historical wooden objects were treated with preservatives like pentachlorophenol, lindane or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This requires a non-destructive on-site detection method, that does not require specialized personnel. In this publication two methods are presented utilizing headspace sampling by solid-phase microextraction, subsequent separation using gas chromatography and detection by a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (SPME-HS-GC-DTIMS). One method enables the quantitative detection of pentachlorophenol in wood flour and wood chips as they are used in wood processing industries. A limit of detection of 0.1 mg/kg was achieved using DIN 32645, which can be even more lowered. The second method enables non-destructive detection of pentachlorophenol, lindane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and other preservatives in wooden objects. Therefore, samples were prepared, which show a significantly lower concentration than typical treated objects, and used next to real samples for method validation. With the method contamination of the real samples and of the prepared samples of low concentration were proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ude
- Schumann Analytics, Grimsehlstraße 62, Einbeck, 37574, Lower Saxony, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Achim Schumann
- Schumann Analytics, Grimsehlstraße 62, Einbeck, 37574, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ursula Telgheder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstraße 5, Essen, 45141, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Differential mobility spectrometers with tuneable separation voltage – Theoretical models and experimental findings. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zheng X, Wojcik R, Zhang X, Ibrahim YM, Burnum-Johnson KE, Orton DJ, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD, Baker ES. Coupling Front-End Separations, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Mass Spectrometry For Enhanced Multidimensional Biological and Environmental Analyses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:71-92. [PMID: 28301728 PMCID: PMC5627998 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used analytical technique for rapid molecular separations in the gas phase. Though IMS alone is useful, its coupling with mass spectrometry (MS) and front-end separations is extremely beneficial for increasing measurement sensitivity, peak capacity of complex mixtures, and the scope of molecular information available from biological and environmental sample analyses. In fact, multiple disease screening and environmental evaluations have illustrated that the IMS-based multidimensional separations extract information that cannot be acquired with each technique individually. This review highlights three-dimensional separations using IMS-MS in conjunction with a range of front-end techniques, such as gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, liquid chromatography, solid-phase extractions, capillary electrophoresis, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and microfluidic devices. The origination, current state, various applications, and future capabilities of these multidimensional approaches are described in detail to provide insight into their uses and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Roza Wojcik
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Xing Zhang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Richard D Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Erin S Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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Pavlačka M, Bajerová P, Kortánková K, Bláha J, Zástěra M, Mázl R, Ventura K. Analysis of explosives using differential mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhao WJ, Wang Y, Li J, Li LF, Wang Q, Han K, Zhang Y, Li X, Li P, Luo J, Wang X. Determination of melamine in milk and dairy products by microchip-based high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction. Food Chem 2015; 188:489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang X, Ibrahim YM, Chen TC, Kyle JE, Norheim RV, Monroe ME, Smith RD, Baker ES. Enhancing biological analyses with three dimensional field asymmetric ion mobility, low field drift tube ion mobility and mass spectrometry (μFAIMS/IMS-MS) separations. Analyst 2015; 140:6955-63. [PMID: 26140287 PMCID: PMC4586386 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional high throughput separations are ideal for analyzing distinct ion characteristics simultaneously in one analysis. We report on the first evaluation of a platform coupling a high speed field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry microchip (μFAIMS) with drift tube ion mobility and mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). The μFAIMS/IMS-MS platform was used to analyze biological samples and simultaneously acquire multidimensional FAIMS compensation fields, IMS drift times, and accurate ion masses for the detected features. These separations thereby increased the overall measurement separation power, resulting in greater information content and more complete characterization of the complex samples. The separation conditions were optimized for sensitivity and resolving power by the selection of gas compositions and pressures in the FAIMS and IMS separation stages. The resulting performance provided three dimensional separations, benefitting both broad complex mixture studies and targeted analyses by improving isomeric separations and allowing detection of species obscured by interfering peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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Cumeras R, Figueras E, Davis CE, Baumbach JI, Gràcia I. Review on ion mobility spectrometry. Part 1: current instrumentation. Analyst 2015; 140:1376-90. [PMID: 25465076 PMCID: PMC4331213 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01100g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and 'well-known' technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences in ion mobilities under an electric field. All IMS instruments operate with an electric field that provides space separation, but some IMS instruments also operate with a drift gas flow that provides also a temporal separation. In this review we will summarize the current IMS instrumentation. IMS techniques have received an increased interest as new instrumentation and have become available to be coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). For each of the eight types of IMS instruments reviewed it is mentioned whether they can be hyphenated with MS and whether they are commercially available. Finally, out of the described devices, the six most-consolidated ones are compared. The current review article is followed by a companion review article which details the IMS hyphenated techniques (mainly gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and the factors that make the data from an IMS device change as a function of device parameters and sampling conditions. These reviews will provide the reader with an insightful view of the main characteristics and aspects of the IMS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cumeras
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Schripp T, Etienne S, Fauck C, Fuhrmann F, Märk L, Salthammer T. Application of proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry for Indoor Air Quality research. INDOOR AIR 2014; 24:178-189. [PMID: 23869867 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the field of Indoor Air Quality research, the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demands instruments that are rapid, mobile, robust, highly sensitive and allow for simultaneous monitoring of multiple compounds. These instruments should also compensate for possible interferences from permanent gases and air humidity. Proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) has proved to be a valuable and promising technique that fits the mentioned requirements for a suitable online measuring device. In this study, five exemplary applications of PTR-MS are described: (i) release of paint additives during drying process, (ii) emission of VOCs from active hardcopy devices, (iii) reference material evaluation, (iv) diffusion studies, and (v) emission testing of building products. The examples are selected to illustrate possibilities and limitations of the PTR technique in this field of research. The quadruple-based PTR-QMS was able to determine the emission characteristics during the experiments, especially in case of depleting emission sources (e.g., reference material). This allows for chemometrical analysis of the measured release patterns and detection of underlying processes. However, PTR-QMS reaches a functional limit in case of compound identification. If identification of VOCs is necessary, the measurements need to be accompanied by GC/MS analytics or a PTR instrument with higher mass-resolution (e.g., PTR-TOF-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schripp
- Department Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer WKI, Braunschweig, Germany
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Determination of Hazardous Chemicals by Microchip-based Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometric Technique. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lo KM, Yung YL. Integration of Headspace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction with Gas Chromatography for Quantitative Analysis of Formaldehyde. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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