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Pedersen SG, Anke A, Friborg O, Ørbo MC, Løkholm MT, Kirkevold M, Heiberg G, Halvorsen MB. Metacognitive beliefs, mood symptoms, and fatigue four years after stroke: An explorative study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305896. [PMID: 38917133 PMCID: PMC11198774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between metacognition and mood symptoms four years post-stroke and examined fatigue as a potential moderator for this relationship. METHODS A number of 143 participants completed a survey that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (functional status) four years after stroke. Multiple regression analyses adjusting for demographic and stroke-specific covariates were performed with anxiety and depression as dependent variables and fatigue as a moderator. RESULTS The proportions of participants satisfying the caseness criteria for anxiety and depression were 20% and 19%, respectively, and 35% reported severe fatigue. Analysed separately, all MCQ-30 subscales contributed significantly to anxiety, whereas only three MCQ-30 subscales contributed significantly to depression. In the adjusted analyses, the MCQ-30 subscales 'positive beliefs' (p < 0.05) and 'uncontrollability and danger' (p < 0.001), as well as fatigue (p < 0.001) and functional status at four years (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Similarly, the MCQ-30 subscales 'cognitive confidence' (p < 0.05) and 'self-consciousness' (p < 0.05), as well as fatigue (p < 0.001), stroke severity at baseline (p < 0.01), and functional status at four years (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with depression symptoms. Fatigue did not significantly moderate the relationship between any MCQ-30 subscale and HADS scores. CONCLUSION Maladaptive metacognitions were associated with the mood symptoms of anxiety and depression, independent of fatigue, even after controlling for demographic and stroke-specific factors. Future studies should implement longitudinal designs to determine whether metacognitions precede anxiety or depression after a stroke, and more strongly indicate the potential of metacognitive therapy for improving the mental health of individuals after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne G. Pedersen
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Audny Anke
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Model and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marte C. Ørbo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mari T. Løkholm
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Kirkevold
- Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Model and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Heiberg
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne B. Halvorsen
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu R, Zhang H, Feng C, Wu X, Pan Z, Li W, Jia L. The impact of telecom industry employees' stress perception on job burnout: moderated mediation model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1623. [PMID: 38890592 PMCID: PMC11186259 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of the telecommunications industry in the post-COVID-19 era has brought tremendous pressure to employees making them a high-risk group for job burnout. However, prior research paid less attention to the burnout of employees. Furthermore, social support and gender have separate effects on job burnout. This study explores the mechanism of stress perception on job burnout and examines the roles of social support and gender amid it. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to August 2023 in mainland China. A total of 39,507 were recruited by random sampling and online questionnaires, and 28,204 valid questionnaires were retained. SPSS (version 26.0) and PROCESS (Model 4 & 7) were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis. RESULT Stress perception can positively predict the level of job burnout of employees in the telecommunications industry, and social support plays a partial mediating role, accounts for 8.01% of the total effect, gender moderates the first half of the path in this mediation model. At the same pressure level, female can perceive more social support than male. CONCLUSIONS Under high pressure background, employees' job burnout varies depending on gender and the perception of social support. Therefore, telecommunications industry managers should adopt decompression measures and targeted social support resources for different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hanzhong Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chunyuan Feng
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xueyi Wu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Deloitte Consulting (Shanghai) Co Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Picciotto G, Fabio RA. Does stress induction affect cognitive performance or avoidance of cognitive effort? Stress Health 2024; 40:e3280. [PMID: 37306658 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that acute psychosocial stress impairs cognitive abilities, but recent studies suggest that this may be due to a decrease in willingness to engage in cognitive effort rather than a direct effect on performance. The aim of the present study was to replicate this last research and verify the influence of acute stress on avoidance of cognitive effort and cognitive performance. Fifty young, healthy individuals (26 females, 24 males) aged between 18 and 40 years were randomly assigned to two groups: a stress condition and a control condition. We used a Demand Selection Task paradigm (DST), in which participants chose between performing tasks that required either high or low cognitive effort. Stress was induced through the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and measured with both subjective and psychophysiological measurements. The results indicated that acute stress significantly increased participants' preference for less demanding behaviors, while no significant alterations in cognitive performance in task change activities were found. This study offers new perspectives on how stress affects behavior and decision-making in everyday life.
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Rupp LH, Keinert M, Böhme S, Schindler-Gmelch L, Eskofier B, Schuller B, Berking M. Sadness-Based Approach-Avoidance Modification Training for Subjective Stress in Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e50324. [PMID: 38032725 PMCID: PMC10722377 DOI: 10.2196/50324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key vulnerability factor in mental health problems is chronic stress. There is a need for easy-to-disseminate and effective interventions to advance the prevention of stress-related illnesses. App-based stress management trainings can fulfill this need. As subjectively experienced stress may be influenced by dysfunctional beliefs, modifying their evaluations might reduce subjective stress. Approach-avoidance modification trainings (AAMT) can be used to modify stimulus evaluations and are promising candidates for a mobile stress intervention. As the standard training reactions of the AAMT (swiping and joystick motion) have little valence, emotions could be incorporated as approach and avoidance reactions to enhance the effectiveness of AAMTs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a mobile emotion-enhanced AAMT that engages users to display sadness to move stress-enhancing beliefs away and display positive emotions to move stress-reducing beliefs toward themselves (emotion-based AAMT using sadness and positive emotions [eAAMT-SP]). We explored the clinical efficacy of this novel intervention. METHODS We allocated 30 adult individuals with elevated stress randomly to 1 of 3 conditions (eAAMT-SP, a swipe control condition, and an inactive control condition). We evaluated the feasibility of the intervention (technical problems, adherence, usability, and acceptability). To explore the clinical efficacy of the intervention, we compared pretest-posttest differences in perceived stress (primary clinical outcome) and 3 secondary clinical outcomes (agreement with and perceived helpfulness of dysfunctional beliefs, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms) among the conditions. RESULTS The predetermined benchmarks of 50% for intervention completion and 75% for feasibility of the study design (completion of the study design) were met, whereas the cutoff for technical feasibility of the study design (95% of trials without technical errors) was not met. Effect sizes for usability and acceptability were in favor of the eAAMT-SP condition (compared with the swipe control condition; intelligibility of the instructions: g=-0.86, distancing from dysfunctional beliefs: g=0.22, and approaching functional beliefs: g=0.55). Regarding clinical efficacy, the pretest-posttest effect sizes for changes in perceived stress were g=0.80 for the comparison between the eAAMT-SP and inactive control conditions and g=0.76 for the comparison between the eAAMT-SP and swipe control conditions. Effect sizes for the secondary clinical outcomes indicated greater pretest-posttest changes in the eAAMT-SP condition than in the inactive control condition and comparable changes in the swipe control condition. CONCLUSIONS The findings regarding the feasibility of the intervention were satisfactory except for the technical feasibility of the intervention, which should be improved. The effect sizes for the clinical outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the therapeutic potential of the intervention. The findings suggest that extending the AAMT paradigm through the use of emotions may increase its efficacy. Future research should evaluate the eAAMT-SP in sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00023007; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00023007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Helene Rupp
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Keinert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Böhme
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lena Schindler-Gmelch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn Schuller
- Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Massimino S, Rinella S, Guerrera CS, Di Corrado D, Astuto R, Sorbello A, Reina F, Perciavalle V, Buscemi A, Coco M. Self-Efficacy and the Digit Ratio in a Group of Sports University Students. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:97. [PMID: 37489310 PMCID: PMC10366832 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-efficacy is one's awareness of being able to cope optimally with different situations. Perceived self-efficacy is a belief that closely involves emotional and personological functioning. In fact, when one perceives oneself as capable, the likelihood of success increases significantly. The aim of this research was to verify a possible correlation between self-efficacy and the Digit Ratio (2D:4D), referred to as prenatal androgen levels, and whether these correlate with some psychological variables, considering possible gender differences. This study involved 56 sports university students, whose 2D:4D ratio was calculated. Moreover, self-assessment questionnaires: the Self-efficacy Scale (SES), the Big Five Questionnaire-2 (BFQ-2), the Profile of Mood State (POMS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administered. The data show that the perceived levels of self-efficacy seem to be influenced by an innate predisposition linked to prenatal androgen values to which the subjects were exposed during uterine life (2D:4D). This negative correlation indicates that the higher the value of the digit ratio, the more likely it is that the level of perceived self-efficacy will be lower. Finally, the degree of perceived self-efficacy also seems to depend on the levels of subjective anxiety, understood both as a personological disposition and a contingent condition, and the latter also seems to be influenced by prenatal androgen levels, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Massimino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Rinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Romina Astuto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Sorbello
- Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Francesca Reina
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Buscemi
- Study Center of Italian Osteopathy and Horus Social Cooperative, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Marinella Coco
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
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