The quality of international mobility experiences, general self-efficacy and job search self-efficacy: A time-lagged investigation

Psychosocial interventions affecting global perceptions of control in people with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review

PURPOSE

Perceived control is an important construct for the psychological well-being of people affected by chronic conditions, and higher perceived control is associated with better outcomes. Psychosocial interventions have been trialled in these populations to improve both global and specific perceptions of control. However, most interventions involving people with Parkinson's have focused on single-domain forms of control, while those addressing global perceived control are yet to be reviewed. This study aimed to identify and map the types of psychosocial interventions in individuals with Parkinson's which have included forms of global perceived control as an outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Scoping review based on a search across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate.

RESULTS

From an initial return of 4388 citations, 12 citations were eventually included. These consisted of 8 quantitative and 4 qualitative studies, and covered 4 overarching categories of psychosocial interventions. Mixed results were found for cognitive, educational, and physical interventions, while a randomised controlled trial on mindfulness-based lifestyle programme showed more preliminary positive evidence.

CONCLUSIONS

Further rigorous research is required on the topic to build on these preliminary findings. In the meantime, clinicians may need to consider programmes which proved effective with populations similar to people with Parkinson's.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPerceived control is a psychological construct important for people with chronic illnesses, which can be targeted by psychosocial interventions.This article reviewed psychosocial interventions targeting global forms of perceived control in Parkinson's.Mixed results were reported for the cognitive, educational, and physical interventions identified, while a randomised controlled trial on a mindfulness-based lifestyle programme showed more promising evidence.In the meantime, clinicians may need to consider programmes found to be effective with people with similar conditions to Parkinson's.

Job search in a difficult labour market: linking goal orientation to job search strategies and outcomes with the moderating role of self-control

This study addresses how goal orientation relates to different job search strategies to increase the chance of finding employment and quality jobs. We integrate the goal orientation theory with self-control to examine how the orientation of goals (i.e., performance-prove goal orientation (PPGO), performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) and learning goal orientation (LGO)) are associated with job search strategies (i.e., Focused Job Search Strategy- FJSS, Exploratory Job Search Strategy-EJSS, and Haphazard Job Search Strategy-HJSS) and how self-control moderates the process. In a three-wave study (nT1= 859; nT2 = 720; nT3 = 418), the hypotheses were tested using unemployed job seekers in Ghana. The results from the structural equation model show that learning goal oriented job seekers were inclined to search more focused and exploratory but engaged in less haphazard search. While PPGO facilitated EJSS, job seekers with PAGO searched more haphazardly but their search behaviour was less focused and exploratory. In addition, EJSS contributed to attending more job interviews, but HJSS decreased the chance of obtaining job interviews. Also, the interviews attended were associated with job offered, which in turn led to obtaining employment. Both FJSS and EJSS were related to employment quality but HJSS decreased employment quality. Interestingly, individual differences in self-control were found to moderate the relation between goal orientation and job search strategy. The use of EJSS was found to be more beneficial in difficult labour markets.

Social interaction matters to job search over the long haul

Based on social cognitive, reasoned action, and basic needs theories, this study examines whether co-rumination with others about the job search mediates the positive relation between state negative affect and job search intentions. In addition, we looked at how this positive indirect effect interacts with the social support received from different sources (such as friends, family, and significant others) at the beginning and six months after the initial job search process. Using a sample of 87 graduates (job seekers) from a Portuguese masters program, we used multilevel modeling to test this moderated mediation. Ages ranged from 22 to 53 years old (M = 29.45; SD = 7.60). Data were collected using measures to assess negative affect, co-rumination, perceived social support, and job search intentions. We found an indirect effect of state negative affect on job search intentions; when job seekers perceive higher levels of social support from significant others at the beginning of the job search, the positive, mediating role of co-rumination in this relationship is increased. Further, for a sub-sample of six-month job seekers, this positive indirect effect increased when there was also an increased perception of social support from family. Discussion focuses on implications for theory and practice and the role of co-rumination for unemployed people during job search.