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Miyaji N, Miwa K, Yamashita K, Motegi K, Wagatsuma K, Kamitaka Y, Yamao T, Ishiyama M, Terauchi T. Impact of irregular waveforms on data-driven respiratory gated PET/CT images processed using MotionFree algorithm. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:665-674. [PMID: 37796394 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MotionFree® (AMF) is a data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) algorithm for image processing that has recently been introduced into clinical practice. The present study aimed to verify the accuracy of respiratory waveform and the effects of normal and irregular respiratory motions using AMF with the DDG algorithm. METHODS We used a NEMA IEC body phantom comprising six spheres (37-, 28-, 22-, 17-, 13-, and 10 mm diameter) containing 18F. The sphere-to-background ratio was 4:1 (21.2 and 5.3 kBq/mL). We acquired PET/CT images from a stationary or moving phantom placed on a custom-designed motion platform. Respiratory motions were reproduced based on normal (sinusoidal or expiratory-paused waveforms) and irregular (changed amplitude or shifted baseline waveforms) movements. The "width" parameters in AMF were set at 10-60% and extracted data during the expiratory phases of each waveform. We verified the accuracy of the derived waveforms by comparing those input from the motion platform and output determined using AMF. Quantitative accuracy was evaluated as recovery coefficients (RCs), improvement rate, and %change that were calculated based on sphere diameter or width. We evaluated statistical differences in activity concentrations of each sphere between normal and irregular waveforms. RESULTS Respiratory waveforms derived from AMF were almost identical to the input waveforms on the motion platform. Although the RCs in each sphere for expiratory-paused and ideal stationary waveforms were almost identical, RCs except the expiratory-paused waveform were lower than those for the stationary waveform. The improvement rate decreased more for the irregular, than the normal waveforms with AMF in smaller spheres. The %change was improved by decreasing the width of waveforms with a shifted baseline. Activity concentrations significantly differed between normal waveforms and those with a shifted baseline in spheres < 28 mm. CONCLUSIONS The PET images using AMF with the DDG algorithm provided the precise waveform of respiratory motions and the improvement of quantitative accuracy in the four types of respiratory waveforms. The improvement rate was the most obvious in expiratory-paused waveforms, and the most subtle in those with a shifted baseline. Optimizing the width parameter in irregular waveform will benefit patients who breathe like the waveform with the shifted baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Miyaji
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi, Fukushima-Shi, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan.
| | - Kenta Miwa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi, Fukushima-Shi, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamashita
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Motegi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Wagatsuma
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuto Kamitaka
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tensho Yamao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi, Fukushima-Shi, Fukushima, 960-8516, Japan
| | - Mitsutomi Ishiyama
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 9Th Ave, Seattle, Washington, 98101, USA
| | - Takashi Terauchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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Fukai S, Daisaki H, Shimada N, Ishiyama M, Umeda T, Yamashita K, Miyaji N, Takiguchi T, Kawakami H, Terauchi T. Evaluation of data-driven respiratory gating for subcentimeter lesions using digital PET/CT system and three-axis motion phantom. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 9. [PMID: 36541506 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aca90d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction.The application of data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) for subcentimeter lesions with respiratory movement remains poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to clarify DDG application for subcentimeter lesions and the ability of digital Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) system combined with DDG to detect these lesions under three-axis respiration.Methods.Discovery MI PET/CT system and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom with Micro Hollow Sphere (4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 13 mm) were used. The NEMA phantom was filled with18F-FDG solutions of 42.4 and 5.3 kBq/ml for each hot sphere and background region. The 3.6 s cycles of three-axis respiratory motion were reproduced using the motion platform UniTraQ. The PET data acquisition was performed in stationary and respiratory-moving states. The data were reconstructed in three PET groups: stationary (NM-PET), no gating with respiratory movement (NG-PET), and DDG gating with respiratory movement (DDG-PET) groups. For image quality, percent contrast (QH); maximum, peak, and mean standardized uptake value (SUV); background region; and detectability index (DI) were evaluated in each PET group. Visual assessment was also conducted.Results.The groups with respiratory movement had deteriorated QHand SUVs compared with NM-PET. Compared with NG-PET, DDG-PET has significantly improved QHand SUVs in spheres above 6 mm. The background region showed no significant difference between groups. The SUVmax, SUVpeak, and QHvalues of 8 mm sphere were highest in NM-PET, followed by DDG-PET and NG-PET. In visual assessment, the spheres above 6 mm were detected in all PET groups. DDG application did not detect new lesions, but it increased DI and visual score.Conclusions. The application of principal component analysis (PCA)-based DDG algorithm improves both image quality and quantitative SUVs in subcentimeter lesions measuring above 6 mm. Although DDG application cannot detect new subcentimeter lesions, it increases the visual indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Fukai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Graduate School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Daisaki
- Graduate School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsutomi Ishiyama
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takuro Umeda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamashita
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyaji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takiguchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kawakami
- APEX Medical, Inc., Kuramae Myouken-ya Building 5F, 3-17-4 Kuramae, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111-0051, Japan
| | - Takashi Terauchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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Bailly P, Bouzerar R, Galan R, Meyer ME. Phantom study of an in-house amplitude-gating respiratory method with silicon photomultiplier technology positron emission tomography/computed tomography. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 221:106907. [PMID: 35660941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this phantom study was to determine whether breathing-synchronized, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based PET/CT has a suitable acquisition time for routine clinical use. METHODS Acquisitions were performed in list mode on a 4-ring SiPM-based PET/CT system. The experimental setup consisted of an external respiratory tracking device placed on a commercial dynamic thorax phantom containing a sphere filled with [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose. Three-dimensional sinusoidal motion was imposed on the sphere. Data were processed using frequency binning and amplitude binning (the "DMI" and "OFFLINE" methods, respectively). PET sinograms were reconstructed with a Bayesian penalized likelihood algorithm. RESULTS Respiratory gating from a 150‑sec acquisition was successful. The DMI and OFFLINE methods gave similar activity profiles but both were slightly shifted in space; the latter profile was closest to the reference acquisition. CONCLUSION With SiPM PET/CT systems, the amplitude-based processing of breathing-synchronized data is likely to be feasible in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bailly
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
| | - Roger Bouzerar
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Romain Galan
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Marc-Etienne Meyer
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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Grootjans W, Rietbergen DDD, van Velden FHP. Added Value of Respiratory Gating in Positron Emission Tomography for the Clinical Management of Lung Cancer Patients. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:745-758. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tsai YJ, Lu Y, Wu J, Liu H, Schleyer P, Casey M, Liu C. Performance Evaluation of Amplitude and Phase Respiratory Gating Methods on Continuous-Bed-Motion Whole-Body PET Studies. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3075383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Ichikawa H. [[Nuclear Medicine] 4. Phantom Studies in Oncology]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:637-645. [PMID: 35718453 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2022-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ichikawa
- Department of Radiology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Abstract
PET/CT has become a preferred imaging modality over PET-only scanners in clinical practice. However, along with the significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy and patient throughput, pitfalls on PET/CT are reported as well. This review provides a general overview on the potential influence of the limitations with respect to PET/CT instrumentation and artifacts associated with the modality integration on the image appearance and quantitative accuracy of PET. Approaches proposed in literature to address the limitations or minimize the artifacts are discussed as well as their current challenges for clinical applications. Although the CT component can play an important role in assisting clinical diagnosis, we concentrate on the imaging scenarios where CT is used to provide auxiliary information for attenuation compensation and scatter correction in PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Tsai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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8
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Sato R, Odagiri H, Ikawa M, Sasaki H, Takanami K, Sato K, Usui A, Saito H. [Examination of Optimal Window Size and Acquisition Time of Respiratory-gated PET Image: Phantom Study with a SiPM-based PET/CT Scanner]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 76:795-801. [PMID: 32814734 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2020_jsrt_76.8.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phantom study aimed to determine the optimal acquisition window size for phase-based respiratory gating in silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and its acquisition time in respiratory-gated imaging with the optimal window size. METHODS Images of a moving NEMA IEC Body Phantom SetTM with hot spheres were acquired. First, the tumor volume and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of images reconstructed using a different window size were evaluated to define the optimal window size. Second, the quality of the images reconstructed using the optimal window size and different acquisition times was evaluated using the detectability score of the 10-mm hot sphere and physical indices. RESULTS The volume and the SUVmax of the 10-mm hot sphere were improved when the window size was narrow, and there were no significant differences among images reconstructed using a window size narrower than 20%. To reconstruct an image using the 20% window size, an acquisition time of 5 min was required to visualize the 10-mm hot sphere. CONCLUSIONS The optimal window size for phase-based respiratory gating is 20%. Further, an acquisition time of 5 min should be taken for respiratory-gated imaging with the 20% window size on SiPM-based FDG-PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Image Analysis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (Current address: Department of Radiology, Tokyo University Hospital)
| | | | - Manami Ikawa
- Department of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Image Analysis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihito Usui
- Department of Diagnostic Image Analysis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Haruo Saito
- Department of Diagnostic Image Analysis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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9
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Polycarpou I, Soultanidis G, Tsoumpas C. Synthesis of Realistic Simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:703-711. [PMID: 29533892 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2768130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the performance of different positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction and motion compensation methods requires accurate and realistic representation of the anatomy and motion trajectories as observed in real subjects during acquisitions. The generation of well-controlled clinical datasets is difficult due to the many different clinical protocols, scanner specifications, patient sizes, and physiological variations. Alternatively, computational phantoms can be used to generate large data sets for different disease states, providing a ground truth. Several studies use registration of dynamic images to derive voxel deformations to create moving computational phantoms. These phantoms together with simulation software generate raw data. This paper proposes a method for the synthesis of dynamic PET data using a fast analytic method. This is achieved by incorporating realistic models of respiratory motion into a numerical phantom to generate datasets with continuous and variable motion with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived motion modeling and high resolution MRI images. In this paper, data sets for two different clinical traces are presented, 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA. This approach incorporates realistic models of respiratory motion to generate temporally and spatially correlated MRI and PET data sets, as those expected to be obtained from simultaneous PET-MRI acquisitions.
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Frood R, McDermott G, Scarsbrook A. Respiratory-gated PET/CT for pulmonary lesion characterisation-promises and problems. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170640. [PMID: 29338327 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-deoxy-2-(18Fluorine)-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT is an integral part of lung carcinoma staging and frequently used in the assessment of solitary pulmonary nodules. However, a limitation of conventional three-dimensional PET/CT when imaging the thorax is its susceptibility to motion artefact, which blurs the signal from the lesion resulting in inaccurate representation of size and metabolic activity. Respiratory gated (four-dimensional) PET/CT aims to negate the effects of motion artefact and provide a more accurate interpretation of pulmonary nodules and lymphadenopathy. There have been recent advances in technology and a shift from traditional hardware to more streamlined software methods for respiratory gating which should allow more widespread use of respiratory-gating in the future. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence surrounding four-dimensional PET/CT in pulmonary lesion characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Frood
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Garry McDermott
- 2 Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Scarsbrook
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , United Kingdom.,3 Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
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Frood R, Prestwich R, Tsoumpas C, Murray P, Franks K, Scarsbrook A. Effectiveness of Respiratory-gated Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Radiotherapy Planning in Patients with Lung Carcinoma - A Systematic Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:225-232. [PMID: 29397271 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A systematic review of the literature evaluating the clinical use of respiratory-gated (four-dimensional; 4D) fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) compared with non-gated (three-dimensional; 3D) PET/CT for radiotherapy planning in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, SCOPUS and clinicaltrials.gov databases was undertaken for articles comparing 3D and 4D PET/CT tumour volume or 4D PET/CT for radiotherapy planning. PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Thirteen studies compared tumour volumes at 3D and 4D PET/CT; eight reported significantly smaller volumes (6.9-44.5%), three reported significantly larger volumes at 4D PET/CT (16-50%), one reported no significant difference and one reported mixed findings. Six studies, including two that reported differences in tumour volumes, compared target volumes or studied geographic misses. 4D PET/CT target volumes were significantly larger (19-40%) when compared with 3D PET/CT in all but one study, where they were smaller (3.8%). One study reported no significance in 4D PET/CT target volumes when compared with 4D CT, whereas another study reported significantly larger volumes (38.7%). CONCLUSION The use of 4D PET/CT leads to differences in target volume delineation compared with 3D PET/CT. These differences vary depending upon technique and the clinical impact currently remains uncertain. Correlation of pretreatment target volumes generated at 3D and 4D PET/CT with postsurgical histology would be ideal but technically challenging. Evaluation of patient outcomes based on 3D versus 4D PET/CT derived treatment volumes warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - R Prestwich
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - C Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Franks
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Scarsbrook
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) images often contain errors due to cardiac, respiratory, and patient motion during relatively long image acquisition. Advanced motion compensation techniques may improve PET spatial resolution, eliminate potential artifacts, and ultimately improve the research and clinical capabilities of PET. RECENT FINDINGS Combined cardiac and respiratory gating has only recently been implemented in clinical PET systems. Considering that the gated image bins contain much lower counts than the original PET data, they need to be summed after correcting for motion, forming motion-corrected, high-count image volume. Furthermore, automated image registration techniques can be used to correct for motion between CT attenuation scan and PET acquisition. While motion correction methods are not yet widely used in clinical practice, approaches including dual-gated non-rigid motion correction and the incorporation of motion correction information into the reconstruction process have the potential to markedly improve cardiac PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Rubeaux
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam Alessio
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Old Fisheries Center, Room 222, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Box 357987, Seattle, WA, 98195-7987, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Taper A238, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd Ste. A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Jafari Tadi M, Teuho J, Lehtonen E, Saraste A, Pänkäälä M, Koivisto T, Teräs M. A novel dual gating approach using joint inertial sensors: implications for cardiac PET imaging. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:8080-8101. [PMID: 28880843 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa8b09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique which may be considered as the state of art for the examination of cardiac inflammation due to atherosclerosis. A fundamental limitation of PET is that cardiac and respiratory motions reduce the quality of the achieved images. Current approaches for motion compensation involve gating the PET data based on the timing of quiescent periods of cardiac and respiratory cycles. In this study, we present a novel gating method called microelectromechanical (MEMS) dual gating which relies on joint non-electrical sensors, i.e. tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope. This approach can be used for optimized selection of quiescent phases of cardiac and respiratory cycles. Cardiomechanical activity according to echocardiography observations was investigated to confirm whether this dual sensor solution can provide accurate trigger timings for cardiac gating. Additionally, longitudinal chest motions originating from breathing were measured by accelerometric- and gyroscopic-derived respiratory (ADR and GDR) tracking. The ADR and GDR signals were evaluated against Varian real-time position management (RPM) signals in terms of amplitude and phase. Accordingly, high linear correlation and agreement were achieved between the reference electrocardiography, RPM, and measured MEMS signals. We also performed a Ge-68 phantom study to evaluate possible metal artifacts caused by the integrated read-out electronics including mechanical sensors and semiconductors. The reconstructed phantom images did not reveal any image artifacts. Thus, it was concluded that MEMS-driven dual gating can be used in PET studies without an effect on the quantitative or visual accuracy of the PET images. Finally, the applicability of MEMS dual gating for cardiac PET imaging was investigated with two atherosclerosis patients. Dual gated PET images were successfully reconstructed using only MEMS signals and both qualitative and quantitative assessments revealed encouraging results that warrant further investigation of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Jafari Tadi
- Turku PET Center, University of Turku, Finland. Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Finland
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Takeshita T, Morita K, Tsutsui Y, Kidera D, Mikasa S, Maebatake A, Akamatsu G, Miwa K, Baba S, Sasaki M. The influence of respiratory motion on the cumulative SUV-volume histogram and fractal analyses of intratumoral heterogeneity in PET/CT imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:393-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Miwa K. [Management of respiratory motion in FDG-PET/CT: respiratory-gated and deep-inspiration breath-hold techniques]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2014; 70:1344-52. [PMID: 25410343 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2014_jsrt_70.11.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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