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Vishwakarma R, Dey S, Samuchiwal S, Malik A. A biphasic photobioreactor system for consecutive extraction of lipids and carotenoids from pre-hydrolysed microalgae and evaluation of its biodiesel potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115681. [PMID: 36925037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A green extraction method is developed using partially hydrolysed microalgal cells grown in biocompatible solvent for simultaneous cultivation and extraction of bioproducts from a highly efficient permeabilized microalgal cell with enhanced biomass and lipid content for potential use in biodiesel production. Incomplete digestion of cell wall was achieved by regulating the incubation time of the enzymatic pretreatment of the microalgal cells. 15.77% increase in lipid content was seen when untreated cells were cultured with biocompatible solvent, while cultivation of these enzymatically pretreated cells with biocompatible solvent, the lipid content increased by 53.33% and 22% higher carotenoid content was observed as compared to conventional extraction. The total fatty acids obtained after 1st and 2nd extractions in untreated samples were 67.82%, while those in enzymatically partially digested samples were 91.94%. The untreated and partially enzymatically predigested strain showed suitable properties for quality biodiesel production as per international recommendations. The cost benefit analysis of the overall process showed the use of biocompatible solvent coupled to enzymatically predigested biomass was a favorable option as compared to conventional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Vishwakarma
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Saptarshi Dey
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Saurabh Samuchiwal
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Lee Y, Park R, Miller SM, Li Y. Genetic compensation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1069-1080. [PMID: 35727866 PMCID: PMC9545326 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic compensation has been proposed to explain phenotypic differences between gene knockouts and knockdowns in several metazoan and plant model systems. With the rapid development of reverse genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi in microalgae, it is increasingly important to assess whether genetic compensation affects the phenotype of engineered algal mutants. While exploring triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathways in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, it was discovered that knockout of certain genes catalyzing rate-limiting steps of TAG biosynthesis, type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes (DGTTs), triggered genetic compensation under abiotic stress conditions. Genetic compensation of a DGTT1 null mutation by a related PDAT gene was observed regardless of the strain background or mutagenesis approach, for example, CRISPR/Cas 9 or insertional mutagenesis. However, no compensation was found in the PDAT knockout mutant. The effect of PDAT knockout was evaluated in a Δvtc1 mutant, in which PDAT was upregulated under stress, resulting in a 90% increase in TAG content. Knockout of PDAT in the Δvtc1 background induced a 12.8-fold upregulation of DGTT1 and a 272.3% increase in TAG content in Δvtc1/pdat1 cells, while remaining viable. These data suggest that genetic compensation contributes to the genetic robustness of microalgal TAG biosynthetic pathways, maintaining lipid and redox homeostasis in the knockout mutants under abiotic stress. This work demonstrates examples of genetic compensation in microalgae, implies the physiological relevance of genetic compensation in TAG biosynthesis under stress, and provides guidance for future genetic engineering and mutant characterization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
| | - Rudolph Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Stephen M. Miller
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
- Department of Marine BiotechnologyUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21202USA
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Moreno Martínez P, Ortiz-Martínez V, Sánchez Segado S, Salar-García M, de los Ríos A, Hernández Fernández F, Lozano-Blanco L, Godínez C. Deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of fatty acids from microalgae biomass: recovery of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Cheng P, Li Y, Wang C, Guo J, Zhou C, Zhang R, Ma Y, Ma X, Wang L, Cheng Y, Yan X, Ruan R. Integrated marine microalgae biorefineries for improved bioactive compounds: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152895. [PMID: 34998757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae offer a promising feedstock for biofuels and other valuable compounds for biorefining and carry immense potential to contribute to a clean energy and environment future. However, it is currently not economically feasible to use marine algae to produce biofuels, and the potential bioactive chemicals account for only a small market share. The production of algal biomass with multiple valuable chemicals is closely related to the algal species, cultivation conditions, culture systems, and production modes. Thus, higher requirements for screening of dominant algal strains, developing integrated technologies with the optimum culture conditions, efficient cultivation systems, and production modes to exploit algal biomass for biorefinery applications, are all needed. This review summarizes the screening of dominant microalgae, discusses the environmental conditions that may affect the growth, as well as the culture systems and production modes, and further emphasizes the valorization options of the algal biomass, which should help to offer a sustainable approach to run a profitable marine algae production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yiwei Ma
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Brennan B, Regan F. In-situ lipid and fatty acid extraction methods to recover viable products from Nannochloropsis sp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142464. [PMID: 33113682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis sp. has received increased attention by researchers in recent years due to its complexity and abundance of lipid structures. The lipids of this microalgae species have been identified to contain large quantities of neutral lipids which are capable of producing raw materials for nutraceuticals, food additives and biofuels. The production of biodiesel has received the greatest attention as there is an increase in global demand for both more fuel and more environmentally sustainable methods to produce such resources. The greatest challenges facing industries to mass produce viable products from microalgae involve the degradation of the cell wall and extracting the fatty acid of interest due to high costs. Various studies have shown that the extraction lipids from the microalgae can greatly influence the overall fatty acid composition. Different extraction methods can result in recovering higher quantities of either saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biodiesel production requires higher quantities of saturated fatty acids and monosaturated fatty acids as increased quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids result in oxidation which decreases the performance of the biodiesel. Whereas, polyunsaturated fatty acids are required in order to produce pharmaceuticals and food additives such as omega 3. This review will focus on how different in-situ extraction methods for lipid and fatty acid recovery, influence the fatty acid composition of various Nannochloropsis species (oculate, gaditana, salina and oceanica). The mechanical methods (microwave, ultrasonic and supercritical‑carbon dioxide) of extraction for Nannochloropsis sp. will be critically evaluated. The use of enzymes will also be addressed, for their ability to extract fatty acids in a more environmentally friendly manner. This paper will report on the viable by-products which can be produced using different extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Brennan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Science, Dublin City University, Ireland.
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Law SQK, Halim R, Scales PJ, Martin GJO. Conversion and recovery of saponifiable lipids from microalgae using a nonpolar solvent via lipase-assisted extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:338-347. [PMID: 29649726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A single-step method for transesterifying and recovering lipids in concentrated slurries (ca 20% w/w solids) of ruptured microalgae is presented. A soluble Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) was used to directly transesterify the lipids in the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina. This allowed both triglycerides (TAG) and polar saponifiable lipids to be recovered as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a nonpolar solvent (hexane). Up to 90 wt% of the total saponifiable lipids (SL) were converted to FAME within 24 h, approximately 75% of which was recovered in the hexane by centrifugation. Two pathways for the conversion and recovery of polar lipids were identified. The water in the slurry buffered against potential lipase inhibition by methanol, but necessitated a high methanol dose for maximal FAME conversion. Nonetheless the method enables the recovery of polar lipids as FAME while avoiding the need for both drying of the biomass and a downstream transesterification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Q K Law
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ronald Halim
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Scales
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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