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Mnisi CM, Mhlongo G, Manyeula F. Fruit Pomaces as Functional Ingredients in Poultry Nutrition: A Review. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.883988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable poultry intensification is economically constrained by several factors including high feed costs, which constitute more than 70% of total production costs. Functional feed ingredients such as fruit pomaces can be incorporated into poultry diets as natural sources of nutrients and biologically active substances to deliver sustainable production. Fruit pomaces are agro-industrial waste by-products that have no direct food value for humans. Their utilization as feed ingredients would reduce feed-food competitions, optimize poultry production systems, and promote environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Large quantities of fruit pomaces are generated and disposed in landfills or through incineration with little regard to the environment. Thus, their inclusion in poultry feeds could offer a long-term strategy to protect the environment. Valorising fruit pomaces to enhance poultry production would also contribute toward sustainable development goals and food security through the provision of affordable high-quality protein to the rapidly growing human population. Moreover, the use of fruit pomaces complements food production systems by ensuring that food animals are reared on human inedible feedstuffs. Thus, this review explores the nutritional composition and subsequent feeding values of various fruit pomaces, while examining their environmental benefits when used as feed ingredients in poultry nutrition. Furthermore, strategies that can be employed to negate the effect of anti-nutritional factors in the pomaces are presented. We postulate that the use of fresh or valorised fruit pomaces would improve poultry production and significantly reduce the amounts of waste destined for incineration and/or direct deposition in landfills.
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Bulduk İ. Optimization of extraction techniques and RP-HPLC analysis of anti-parkinson drug levodopa from flowers of Vicia faba L. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vicia faba, also known as “bakla” in Turkey, is a species of Fabaceae family that is widely grown in Africa and Asia. It is rich in levodopa, a medicinal substance used to treat Parkinson's disease. Levodopa produced by chemical synthesis is expensive and causes various side effects. Therefore, it is recommended to use natural levodopa sources to prevent possible side effects. A Central Composite Design technique has been used in this study to optimize levodopa extraction from Vicia faba. First, a single factor analysis examined 3 variables such as extraction temperature, extraction time, and concentration of acetic acid. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of variables chosen on levodopa's extraction performance. By using variance and regression analyses, a second-order regression equation was determined as a predicted model. The value of R2 is 0.9882, which shows that the equation fits well. The best conditions are as follows: a temperature of 59.85 °C, an extraction time of 18.74 min, and an acetic acid content of 0.28%. Under optimum conditions, the maximum levodopa yield calculated from the predicted module was 4.53%. Extraction efficiency was determined as 4.54% experimentally under optimum conditions. A good relationship has been found between the experimental result and the predicted value.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Bulduk
- Department of Chemistry School of Health, Uşak University, Uşak 64200, Turkey
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Mohan K, Muralisankar T, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Revathi N, Ramu Ganesan A, Velmurugan K, Sathishkumar P, Jayakumar R, Seedevi P. Trends in the extraction, purification, characterisation and biological activities of polysaccharides from tropical and sub-tropical fruits - A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116185. [PMID: 32299552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and sub-tropical fruits are tremendous sources of polysaccharides (PSs), which are of great interest in the human welfare system as natural medicines, food and cosmetics. This review paper aims to highlight the recent trends in extraction (conventional and non-conventional), purification and analytic techniques of fruit polysaccharides (FPSs). The chemical structure and biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-coagulant and anti-diabetic effects, of PSs extracted from 53 various fruits were compared and discussed. With this wide coverage, a total of 172 scientific articles were reviewed and discussed. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests that the FPSs are non-toxic and highly biocompatible. In addition, this review highlights that FPSs might be excellent functional foods as well as effective therapeutic drugs. Finally, the future research advances of FPSs are also described. The content of this review will promote human wellness-based food product development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638 316, India.
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | | | | | - Nagarajan Revathi
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638 316, India
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology (CEST), Fiji National University, 5529, Fiji
| | - Kalamani Velmurugan
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
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Varghese S, Joseph MM, Aravind SR, Unnikrishnan BS, Pillai KR, Sreelekha TT. Immunostimulatory plant polysaccharides impede cancer progression and metastasis by avoiding off-target effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:280-292. [PMID: 31125927 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An unexploited homo-polysaccharide (PSM001) isolated from the seed kernel of Kottukonam variety of Mangifera indica, demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells both in vitro and in murine models while maintaining the immunostimulatory potential. Galactoxyloglucan (PST001) isolated from the seeds of Tamarindus indica, was previously established to be an effective anticancer and immunomodulatory agent. Cancer metastasis, with key features including invasion, migration, increased angiogenesis and colony formation is only likely to accentuate in the coming decades, considering the ground realities of the modern lifestyle and environmental factors and hence both the polysaccharides were tested towards the management of malignancy. It was a startling observation with both the biopolymers in inhibiting various processes involved in the metastatic cascade. A quick perusal of the issue at hand would throw up the promising ability of both PSM001 and PST001 to inhibit lung metastatic nodules of C57BL/6 mice wherein the combinatorial treatment of these polysaccharides with vincristine delivered superior therapeutic output. Later, vascular endothelial growth factor and multiple matrix metalloproteinases were found to be the lead players in the polysaccharide mediated metastatic inhibition. Having considered the complexities associated with the chemotherapy in metastatic cancer in terms of palpable immunosuppression, the aftermaths with the co-administration of an immunostimulatory agent which itself possess unique anticancer and anti-metastatic potentials with a potent chemotherapeutic agent will be enormously consequential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Varghese
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India; Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - S R Aravind
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - B S Unnikrishnan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - K Raveendran Pillai
- Clinical Laboratory Services, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T T Sreelekha
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
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Hu H, Zhao Q, Pang Z, Xie J, Lin L, Yao Q. Optimization extraction, characterization and anticancer activities of polysaccharides from mango pomace. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1314-1325. [PMID: 29859842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mango pomace. The Optimum extraction conditions consisted of extraction temperature of 74 °C, ultrasonic power of 170 W, extraction time of 100 min, and raw material-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL. Under these conditions, the extraction yield was 3.71 ± 0.07%. Three novel polysaccharide fractions, MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3 were purified from the crude polysaccharides by using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide fractions (MPFs) were analyzed by high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. The characterizations of MPFs were conducted with FT-IR, 1H NMR and SEM. Furthermore, the anticancer activities of the polysaccharide fractions were also investigated in vitro. Results showed that MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3 exhibited significant anticancer activities against HepG2, MCF-7, A549, HeLa, A2780, HCT-116 and BGC-823 cells in a dose-dependent manner. MPFs were also showed to promote apoptosis as seen in the nuclear morphological examination study using calcein acetyl methoxy methyl easter (calcein-AM) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This research could serve as a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of MPFs in biomedical and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigang Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Zhencai Pang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Lijing Lin
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Quansheng Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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Liu H, Jiang N, Liu L, Sheng X, Shi A, Hu H, Yang Y, Wang Q. Extraction, Purification and Primary Characterization of Polysaccharides from Defatted Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Cakes. Molecules 2016; 21:E716. [PMID: 27258246 PMCID: PMC6274344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hot-water extraction, purification and characterization of polysaccharides from defatted peanut cake (PPC) were investigated in this study. A Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (X₁), extraction time (X₂) and ratio of water to raw material (X₃). The optimum conditions were 85 °C, 3 h and 20:1 (mL/g) respectively. Regression analysis was done to reveal the experimental results which include 34.97% extraction rate while the value verified under these conditions was 34.49%. The crude PPC was sequentially further purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and one purified fraction was obtained. The PPC purified fraction was characterized by FT-IR, HPAEC; SEC-MALLS. The average molecular weight of the PPC purified fraction was 2.383 × 10⁵ Da. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose. The PPC have the typical absorption of polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Risk Assessment Lab for Agro-Products (Beijing)/Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojing Sheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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Antihepatotoxic efficacy of Mangifera indica L. polysaccharides against cyclophosphamide in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 244:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang X, Chen J, Mao M, Guo H, Dai Y. Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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