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Ferrara D, Beccaria M, Cordero CE, Purcaro G. Microwave-assisted extraction in closed vessel in food analysis. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300390. [PMID: 37654060 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an important technique in analytical chemistry. It offers several advantages over traditional extraction methods, such as improved extraction efficiency, shorter extraction times, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced analyte recovery. Using microwaves, heat is directly applied to the sample, leading to rapid and efficient extraction of target compounds by enhancing the solubility and diffusion of the target compounds, thus requiring lower solvent volume. Therefore, MAE can be considered a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective option facilitating the transition toward greener and more sustainable analytical chemistry workflows. This contribution systematically reviews the application of MAE to a selection of target compounds/compounds classes of relevance for food quality and safety assessment. As inclusion criteria, MAE active temperature control and molecularly-resolved characterization of the extracts were considered. Contents include a brief introduction of the principles of operation, available systems characteristics, and key parameters influencing extraction efficiency and selectivity. The application section covers functional food components (e.g., phenols, diterpenes, and carotenoids), lipids, contaminants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral oil hydrocarbons), pesticides, veterinary drug residues, and a selection of process contaminants and xenobiotics of relevance for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ferrara
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chiara E Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Şeker P, Rişvanlı A, Şeker İ, Çalıcıoğlu M. Determination of the levels of 17-β Estradiol and Progesterone in Cow milk and Baby Follow-on milk by ELISA. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2023. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e33222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to determine the 17-β Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone (P4) levels in different milk products and some baby follow-on milk samples collected from retail markets in Türkiye. For this purpose, a total of 50 samples from 8 different product groups with different fat levels, production technologies, and production series were analyzed for natural P4 and E2 levels using a commercial ELISA kit. The highest E2 level was determined in UHT whole milk (3%) (39.20 ± 6.73 pmol·L-1) while the lowest level was found in buttermilk (26.50 ± 1.85 pmol·L-1) samples. For P4 levels, the highest concentration were found in baby follow-on milk (<1 year old) (45.83 ± 2.95 nmol·L-1) and the lowest values were found in pasteurized milk samples (23.00 ± 6.66 nmol·L-1). Also, in this study, differences among the product groups for E2 and P4 were not found statistically (P>0.05). In conclusion, the natural P4 and E2 were detected in all milk and baby follow-on milks at various levels and generally their levels associated with the product fat level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Şeker
- Elazig Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Food and Feed Branch, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Ali Rişvanlı
- Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan - Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Şeker
- Fırat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zootechny, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Çalıcıoğlu
- Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology. Elazig, Türkiye
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3
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Yin Z, Hu J, Chen G, Zheng L, Ma A. Determination of acetylgestagens in animal-derived matrix samples using enhanced matrix removal lipid clean-up in combination with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462227. [PMID: 34038780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A robust and confirmative method was established for the determination of six acetylgestagen residues, namely, flurogestone acetate (FGA), megestrol (MA), melengestrol acetate (MGA), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), medroxyprogesterone (MPA), and hydroxyprogesterone acetate (HPA) in animal-derived matrix samples by utilizing enhanced matrix removal lipid (EMR-lipid) clean-up in combination with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile, purified with a EMR-lipid cartridge, and separated with a reversed-phase C18 column. The limit of quantification (S/N ≥ 10) for CMA, FGA, HPA, MA, and MGA in all matrices was 0.5 ng/g, and for MPA, it was 1.0 ng/g; the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) for CMA, FGA, HPA, MA, and MGA in all matrices was 0.1 ng/g, and for MPA, it was 0.2 ng/g. The recoveries were between 61.0% and 114.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 12%. The method was calibrated in a matrix-assisted standard solution in various linear ranges for the analytes and matrices, and the correlation coefficients (R2) exceeded 0.99 for all the matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zenghao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Agricultural and Rural Affair Bureau, Fengnan District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, 063300, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Aijin Ma
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Zhang LQ, Zhang XM, Zhang HW, Wang H, Xu H, Wang FM, Lin C, Xiao J, Xu WY. Multiclass and multiresidue screening of veterinary drugs and pesticides in infant formula using Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS with PRM scan mode. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4497. [PMID: 31918453 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multiclass and multiresidue method for screening veterinary drugs and pesticides in infant formula was developed and validated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). A total of 49 veterinary drugs and pesticides investigated belong to 11 classes including antivirals, anticoccidials, macrolides, pyrethroids, insecticides, sulfonamides, beta-agonists, sedatives, thyreostats, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other pharmacologically active substances. A generic sample preparation and highly selective acquisition mode of parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were deliberately incorporated to perform efficient screening analysis. As a result, the screening target concentrations of the analytes varied from 1 to 500 μg/kg with ≤5% of false compliant rate as specified in Decision 2002/657/EC for screening analysis. The average recoveries ranged from 40.7 to 124.9% as well as the relative standard deviations from 4.2 to 26.6%, respectively. The matrix effects and interferences were effectively controlled by integrated application of dispersive solid phase extraction, PRM scan mode, and matrix-matched standard calibration. The proposed method will be helpful to provide applicable strategy for screening residues in infant formula with surveillance purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chao Lin
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Yuan Xu
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Linyi Customs, Linyi, PR China
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Study of the aroma formation and transformation during the manufacturing process of oolong tea by solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. Food Res Int 2018; 108:413-422. [PMID: 29735074 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oolong tea is a typical semi-fermented tea and is famous for its unique aroma. The aim of this study was to compare the volatile compounds during manufacturing process to reveal the formation of aroma. In this paper, a method was developed based on head-space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with chemometrics to assess volatile profiles during manufacturing process (fresh leaves, sun-withered leaves, rocked leaves and leaves after de-enzyming). A total of 24 aroma compounds showing significant differences during manufacturing process were identified. Subsequently, according to these aroma compounds, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the four samples were clearly distinguished from each other, which suggested that the 24 identified volatile compounds can represent the changes of volatile compounds during the four steps. Additionally, sun-withering, rocking and de-enzyming can influence the variations of volatile compounds in different degree, and we found the changes of volatile compounds in withering step were less than other two manufacturing process, indicating that the characteristic volatile compounds of oolong tea might be mainly formed in rocking stage by biological reactions and de-enzyming stage through thermal chemical transformations rather than withering stage. This study suggested that HS-SPME/GC-MS combined with chemometrics methods is accurate, sensitive, fast and ideal for rapid routine analysis of the aroma compounds changes in oolong teas during manufacturing processing.
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Determination of steroid hormones in fish tissues by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 237:1012-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Li G, Lan G, Liu Y, Chen C, Lei L, Du J, Lu Y, Li Q, Du G, Zhang J. Evaluation of biodegradability and biotoxicity of surfactants in soil. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the biodegradability and biotoxicity of four surfactants, i.e. modified heterogeneous alcohol ether, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates, Tween-80 and rhamnolipid, under natural soil conditions were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Guihong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Jiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yingchun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qiang Li
- Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy
- Ministry of Agriculture
- PR China
| | - Guoyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Applied Chemistry of Sichuan Province
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Xinjiang Oilfield Company, No. 1 Gas Production Plant
- PR China
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Shi Z, Fu H, Xu D, Huai Q, Zhang H. Salting-Out Assisted Liquid/Liquid Extraction Coupled with Low-Temperature Purification for Analysis of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Milk and Infant Formula by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Huang P, Zhao P, Dai X, Hou X, Zhao L, Liang N. Trace determination of antibacterial pharmaceuticals in fishes by microwave-assisted extraction and solid-phase purification combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:136-44. [PMID: 26773891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel pretreatment method involving microwave-assisted extraction and solid-phase purification combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MAE-SPP-DLLME) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of six antibacterial pharmaceuticals including metronidazole, tinidazole, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, malachite green and crystal violet. The conditions of MAE were optimized using an orthogonal design and the optimal conditions were found to be 8mL for acetonitrile, 50°C for 5min. Then, neutral alumina column was employed in the solid-phase purification. Finally, the critical parameters affecting DLLME, including selection of extraction and dispersive solvent, adjustment of pH, salt concentration, extraction time, were investigated by single factor study. Under optimum conditions, good linearities (r>0.9991) and satisfied recoveries (Recoveries>87.0%, relative standard deviation (RSD)<6.3%) were observed for all of the target analytes. The limits of detection and quantification were 4.54-101.3pgkg(-1) and 18.02-349.1pgkg(-1), respectively. Intra-day and inter-day RSDs were all lower than 3.6%. An obvious reduction in matrix effect was observed by this method compared with microwave assisted extraction followed by purification. The established method was sensitive, rapid, accurate and employable to simultaneously determine target analytes in farmed fish, river fish and marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Pan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
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Barreiro R, Regal P, Díaz-Bao M, Fente CA, Cepeda A. Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake. Foods 2015; 4:605-621. [PMID: 28231225 PMCID: PMC5224556 DOI: 10.3390/foods4040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is a natural fluid and as such contains small amounts of naturally occurring steroids. Human milk is recommended as the optimal source of nutrients for infants and young children, and it has been associated to several short- and long-term benefits. For this reason, its composition is used as a reference for designing infant formulas. However, the available information on the hormonal levels of these dairy products is scarce, and it is usually limited to estradiol and estrone. In the present study, six natural sex hormones (pregnenolone, progesterone, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and androstenedione) have been extracted from sixteen milk-based infant formulas and analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The purpose of this research was to quantify natural steroid hormones in various infant formulas, to provide food and nutrition practitioners with information to estimate intakes in children. In addition, data found in the literature was used for comparison. The findings suggest that there are certain similarities between bovine milk and dairy products for infants. Furthermore, the detected levels were in general lower than those observed in human milk and/or colostrum. The reported results represent a valuable addition to the current knowledge on natural hormone content of infant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Mónica Díaz-Bao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Cristina A Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Jiao Z, Jiang Z, Zhang N. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food Samples by Selective Pressurized Liquid Extraction Using Copper(II) Isonicotinate as Online Cleanup Adsorbent. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Multivariate Analysis Based on GC-MS Fingerprint and Volatile Composition for the Quality Evaluation of Pu-Erh Green Tea. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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