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Wen D, Shi R, He H, Chen R, Zhang Y, Liu R, Chen H. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Determine Promethazine and Its Metabolites in Edible Tissues of Swine. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112180. [PMID: 37297425 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine promethazine (PMZ) and its metabolites, promethazine sulfoxide (PMZSO) and monodesmethyl-promethazine (Nor1PMZ), in swine muscle, liver, kidney, and fat. A sample preparation method and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis were established and validated. The samples were extracted using 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile and purified with acetonitrile-saturated n-hexane. After concentration by rotary evaporation, the extract was re-dissolved in a mixture of 0.1% formic acid-water and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v). Analysis was performed using a Waters Symmetry C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with 0.1% formic acid-water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The target compounds were determined using positive ion scan and multiple reaction monitoring. PMZ and Nor1PMZ were quantified with deuterated promethazine (PMZ-d6) as the internal standard, while PMZSO was quantified using the external standard method. In spiked muscle, liver, and kidney samples, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for PMZ and PMZSO were 0.05 μg/kg and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively, while for Nor1PMZ, these values were 0.1 μg/kg and 0.5 μg/kg, respectively. For spiked fat samples, the LOD and LOQ for all three analytes were found to be 0.05 μg/kg and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively. The sensitivity of this proposed method reaches or exceeds that presented in previous reports. The analytes PMZ and PMZSO exhibited good linearity within the range of 0.1 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg, while Nor1PMZ showed good linearity within the range of 0.5 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The average recoveries of the target analytes in the samples varied from 77% to 111%, with the precision fluctuating between 1.8% and 11%. This study developed, for the first time, an HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of PMZ, PMZSO, and Nor1PMZ in four swine edible tissues, comprehensively covering the target tissues of monitoring object. The method is applicable for monitoring veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods, ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Wen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Shi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiming He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rundong Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Domestic Animal Products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Determination of chlorpromazine and its metabolites in animal-derived foods using QuEChERS-based extraction, EMR-Lipid cleanup, and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS analysis. Food Chem 2023; 403:134298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gross E, Lowry E, Schaffer L, Henry C. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection of Polyamines on a Microfluidic Device Using Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhou S, Kuang H, Liu L. Development of an ic-ELISA and colloidal gold strip for the detection of the beta-blocker carazolol. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1710113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu B, Li S, Zhou L, Li Q, Guo X. Simultaneous enantioselective determination of seven psychoactive drugs enantiomers in multi-specie animal tissues with chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 300:125241. [PMID: 31352289 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In stock farming, illegal use of antipsychotics has caused the food safety problem. This paper presents for the first time, a multi-residues method for the simultaneous enantioselective determination of seven antipsychotics in pork, beef and lamb muscles. The behaviors of Chiralpak AGP toward changes in pH and organic modifier in mobile phase were studied, and all analytes were rapidly separated within 30 min. The calibration curves of all enantiomers were linear in the range of 1-250 ng g-1, with correlation coefficient above 0.9931. The recoveries of the targeted compounds were higher than 82.1%, with repeatability and intermediate precision lower than 18.2% and 17.4%, respectively. In three matrices, the limit of detection and limit of quantification ranged from 0.20 to 0.65 ng g-1 and from 0.40 to 1.00 ng g-1, respectively. The proposed method can be used to provide additional information for the reliable risk assessment of chiral antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Mainero Rocca L, Gentili A, Pérez-Fernández V, Tomai P. Veterinary drugs residues: a review of the latest analytical research on sample preparation and LC-MS based methods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:766-784. [PMID: 28278127 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1298846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The world population is increasing and there is a growing demand for food, leading to intensification of farming methods and a requirement for more coadjuvants. Potential high profits sometimes lead to fraudulent use of drugs and pesticides. Veterinary drugs in particular can pose a real risk to human health if their residues are allowed to enter the food chain. Parent drugs and their metabolites can occur in foodstuffs individually or as multicomponent mixtures with enhanced adverse effects. In order to protect consumer safety, the European Union has established lists of forbidden substances, maximum residue limits for authorised drugs and precise criteria for confirmation analyses and interpretation of the results. Due to their nature and potential danger, the 'best available technique' should always be applied. Following this principle, this review examines the procedures and techniques applied to monitoring pharmaceutical products of major concern (e.g. anthelmintics, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, coccidiostats) in foods of animal origin, discussing advances over the past five years and future trends in the field of food safety. Our goal was both to focus attention on this important topic and to provide a selection of the most relevant recent papers on drug residues in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mainero Rocca
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science , 'Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science , 'Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Virginia Pérez-Fernández
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science , 'Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Tomai
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Science , 'Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Simultaneous Determination of Eight Tranquilizers in Pork by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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