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Drabińska N, Marcinkowska MA, Wieczorek MN, Jeleń HH. Application of Sorbent-Based Extraction Techniques in Food Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7985. [PMID: 38138475 PMCID: PMC10745519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an outline of the application of the most popular sorbent-based methods in food analysis. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is discussed based on the analyses of lipids, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, processing contaminants and flavor compounds, whereas solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is discussed having volatile and flavor compounds but also processing contaminants in mind. Apart from these two most popular methods, other techniques, such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), high-capacity sorbent extraction (HCSE), and needle-trap devices (NTD), are outlined. Additionally, novel forms of sorbent-based extraction methods such as thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) are presented. The utility and challenges related to these techniques are discussed in this review. Finally, the directions and need for future studies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (N.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.W.)
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Bhogal S, Grover A, Mohiuddin I. A Review of the Analysis of Phthalates by Gas Chromatography in Aqueous and Food Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37647342 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2250876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly well-known industrial chemical, phthalates are produced in high volumes to be used in various consumer products (e.g., plasticizers, medical devices, construction materials, and toys) to enhance softness, durability, transparency, and flexibility. Phthalates are generally not chemically bonded to the polymer chain of the plastic in which they are mixed. Thus, they may leach, migrate, or evaporate into indoor/outdoor air, and foodstuffs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of several sample preparation methods coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of phthalates in various kinds of complex matrices, with a focus on the last 20 years' worth of papers. The review begins by highlighting the environmental significance of phthalate pollution along with the various routes to their exposure to general population. Then, the discussion is extended to cover the pretreatment and extraction techniques for phthalates for their quantitation based on gas chromatographic approach. Finally, the present and future challenges for the detection of phthalates in aqueous and food matrices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Abstract
The review describes the development of batch solid phase extraction procedures based on dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and magnetic MIPs (MMIPs). Advantages and disadvantages of the various MIPs for dispersive solid phase extraction and dispersive (micro)solid phase extraction are discussed. In addition, an effort has also been made to condense the information regarding MMIPs since there are a great variety of supports (magnetite and magnetite composites with carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, or organic metal framework) and magnetite surface functionalization mechanisms for enhancing MIP synthesis, including reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Finally, drawbacks and future prospects for improving molecularly imprinted (micro)solid phase extraction (MIMSPE) are also appraised.
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Villa CC, Sánchez LT, Valencia GA, Ahmed S, Gutiérrez TJ. Molecularly imprinted polymers for food applications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kang Y, Zhang L, Lai Q, Lin C, Wu K, Dang L, Li L. Molecularly imprinted polymer based on metal-organic frameworks: synthesis and application on determination of dibutyl phthalate. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1786582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Kang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Lai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunwei Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lutong Dang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Shanghai, China
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Alnaimat AS, Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P. Development of a sensitive method for the analysis of four phthalates in tea samples: Tea bag contribution to the total amount in tea infusion. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1719-1729. [PMID: 32706309 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1786170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, precise and selective method for the analysis of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in tea samples has been applied. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Solid Phase Extraction (MIP-SPE) has been used for the separation and preconcentration of these compounds. Phthalates extracted by SPE were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The method was sensitive (LOD < 2 µg L-1), precise (RSD <10%) and accurate with recovery percentages ranging from 84% to 97%. Finally, the developed method was applied for the analysis of these phthalates in several tea samples marketed in bags. Migration studies were also performed to evaluate the concentration of phthalates released from the bags into the infusions, and teabag filters were analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The migration study shows that tea filter bags contribute to the total phthalates concentration in tea infusion, and this contribution varies between 1.8 to 93.5 % of the total phthalates' concentrations. Tea filter bags release higher DBP than BBP, DMP, and DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alá S Alnaimat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University , Ma'an, Jordan
| | - María Carmen Barciela-Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain
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Li X, Zhong L, Liu R, Wei X, Li J. A molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor based on the use of Bi 2S 3 for sensitive determination of dioctyl phthalate. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:688. [PMID: 31595361 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer photoelectrochemical (MIP-PEC) sensor based on bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is described for the determination of the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Bi2S3 was used as the photoelectrical converter of the sensor, and visible light was utilized as the excitation source. The molecular imprinting film was prepared through the electropolymerization of monomers in the presence of DOP. Under optimal experimental conditions, the photoelectrochemical response was linearly proportional to the logarithm of the DOP concentration in the 0.5-70 pM DOP concentration range, and the detection limit was 0.1 pM. The method is highly stable and reproducible. It was applied to the determination of DOP in spiked water samples. Graphical abstract A novel molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and high selectivity based on Bi2S3 was developed for dioctyl phthalate detection. Bi2S3 was firstly used as a photoelectric converter in photoelectrochemical sensor to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Combining photocurrent measurement with molecular imprinting technique makes the sensor highly selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Ruilin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xiaoping Wei
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Gao L, Tang Y, Wang C, Yao L, Zhang J, Gao R, Tang X, Chong T, Zhang H. Highly-efficient amphiphilic magnetic nanocomposites based on a simple sol-gel modification for adsorption of phthalate esters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:142-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang T, Zhang R, Li D, Su P, Yang Y. Application of magnetized MOF-74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1600-1609. [PMID: 30734482 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetized MOF-74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53-200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03-200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02-200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03-200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46-2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4-104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid-phase extraction using commercial C18 cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid-phase extraction is a simple, time-saving, efficient, and low-cost method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Wang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Qiu Y, Li Y. A theoretical method for the high-sensitivity fluorescence detection of PAEs through double-substitution modification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34684-34692. [PMID: 30324366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method for the detection of phthalate acid ester (PAE) derivatives by fluorescence spectroscopy based on a double-substitution modification is reported. The fluorescence intensities of 18 PAE derivatives and the template PAEs after docking with the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) are compared; the fluorescence intensities of the PAE derivatives increase significantly (28.20 to 110.00 times) with high sensitivities, but the functionalities (stability and insulation) are not affected. The persistence, mobility, and toxicity of the PAE derivatives are reduced by varying degrees, and their amounts of bioaccumulation are not significantly changed, indicating that the derivatives are more environmentally friendly. Within the wavelength range 240-420 nm in the fluorescence spectrum, there is no interference between the PAE derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the derivatives can be detected with good precision. Based on the analysis of fluorescence characteristics using a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, the occupied orbital energies and Mulliken charge numbers are the main factors that influence the spectral characteristics of the PAE derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Computer-aided design of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of ten phthalates from food prior to their determination by GC-MS/MS. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:373. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Feizi N, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Salamat Q. Nanostructured gemini-based supramolecular solvent coupled with ultrasound-assisted back extraction as a preconcentration step before GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4788-4795. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Feizi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Moradi
- Department of Semiconductors; Materials and Energy Research Center; Karaj Iran
| | - Qamar Salamat
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Özer ET, Osman B, Yazıcı T. Dummy molecularly imprinted microbeads as solid-phase extraction material for selective determination of phthalate esters in water. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Speltini A, Scalabrini A, Maraschi F, Sturini M, Profumo A. Newest applications of molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of contaminants from environmental and food matrices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 974:1-26. [PMID: 28535878 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the recent applications of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to sample preparation. The review is thought to cover analytical procedures for extraction of contaminants (mainly illegal/noxious organic compounds) from food and environmental matrices, with a particular focus on the various pre-concentration/cleanup techniques, that is offline and online solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive SPE (d-SPE), magnetic SPE (MSPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), applied before instrumental quantification. The selectivity and extraction efficiency of MIP-based sorbent phases are critically discussed, also in relation to the physical-chemical properties resulting from the synthetic procedures. A variety of molecularly imprinted sorbents is presented, including hybrid composites embedding carbon nanomaterials and ionic liquids. The analytical performance of MIP materials in sample preparation is commented as function of the complexity of the matrix, and it is compared to that exhibited by (commercial) aspecific and/or immunosorbent phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wang Y, Gao L, Qin D, Chen L. Analysis of Melamine in Milk Powder by CNT-MIP with Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion and LC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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