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Ma L, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Yin Y, Wu Y, Du L, Du Z. The characteristic of the key aroma-active components in white tea using GC-TOF-MS and GC-olfactometry combined with sensory-directed flavor analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7136-7152. [PMID: 37337850 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White tea has become more and more popular with consumers due to its health benefits and unique flavor. However, the key aroma-active compounds of white tea during the aging process are still unclear. Thus, the key aroma-active compounds of white tea during the aging process were investigated using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) combined with sensory-directed flavor analysis. RESULTS A total of 127 volatile compounds were identified from white tea samples with different aging years by GC-TOF-MS. Fifty-eight aroma-active compounds were then determined by GC-O, and 19 of them were further selected as the key aroma-active compounds based on modified frequency (MF) and odor activity value (OAV). CONCLUSION Aroma recombination and omission testing confirmed that 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, geraniol, (E)-β-ionone, α-ionone, hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, (E, Z)-(2,6)-nonadienal, safranal, γ-nonalactone and 2-amylfuran were the common key aroma-active compounds to all samples. Cedrol, linalool oxide II and methyl salicylate were confirmed peculiar in new white tea, while β-damascenone and jasmone were peculiar in aged white tea. This work will offer support for further studies on the material basis of flavor formation of white tea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yage Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Liping Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Du
- College of Economics and Management, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Ma L, Gao M, Zhang L, Qiao Y, Li J, Du L, Zhang H, Wang H. Characterization of the key aroma-active compounds in high-grade Dianhong tea using GC-MS and GC-O combined with sensory-directed flavor analysis. Food Chem 2022; 378:132058. [PMID: 35032805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dianhong tea (DHT) is popular for its pleasant caramel-like aroma. In this study, the aroma profile of high-grade DHT have been studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) combined with headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). A total of 52 aroma-active compounds were identified by GC-O coupled with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and odor specific magnitude estimation (Osme). Among them, quantification of 21 aroma-active compounds indicated that the content of linalool (5928 µg/kg) was the highest in high-grade DHT, followed by phenylethanol (3923 µg/kg) and phenylacetaldehyde (1801 µg/kg). Sensory-directed aroma recombination and omission tests further verified that phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, geraniol and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine were important contributors to the overall sensory characteristics of high-grade DHT which dominated mainly by floral, sweet and caramel-like odors. This work will provide a theoretical reference for comprehensively understanding the aroma characteristic of DHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Manman Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yang Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jianxun Li
- Agricultural Processing Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liping Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin 644000, PR China
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Yuan H, Chen X, Shao Y, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Zhang M, Hua J, Li J, Deng Y, Wang J, Dong C, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Wu Z. Quality Evaluation of Green and Dark Tea Grade Using Electronic Nose and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3411-3417. [PMID: 31750940 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aroma assessment remains difficult and uncertain in the present sensory assessment system. It is highly desirable to develop a new assessment method to discriminate the quality of various teas in the tea market. In the present work, based on linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis, the aroma of dry and wet samples of different Xi-hu Longjing and Pu-erh teas were tested and differentiated by electronic noses (e-nose). The results confirm that e-nose can discriminate different priced Xi-hu Longjing tea samples in the range of 80-800 RMB/500 g and varying storage years of Pu-erh tea samples. Furthermore, for the detection of both dry and wet samples of Longjing and Pu-erh teas, the results reveal that all samples have specific aroma characteristics that e-nose can recognize. More importantly, contribution analysis in sensors indicates that nitrogen oxides, methane and alcohols are the characteristic components that contribute to the fragrances of different priced Xi-hu Longjing teas, while nitrogen oxides, aromatic benzene and amines make the fragrances of Pu-erh teas with different storage years disparate. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work demonstrates that e-nose can rapidly distinguish tea products with different price levels and varying storage years. With the advantages of ease of use, high portability and flexibility, e-nose will be widely expanded and applied in refined processing and the development of flavored foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 130 Changjiang West Rd., Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.,Natl. "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Univ. of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yundong Shao
- Zhejiang Skyherb Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Anji, 313300, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Zhejiang Skyherb Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Anji, 313300, China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunwang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 130 Changjiang West Rd., Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengqi Wu
- Natl. "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Univ. of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
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Nam TG, Lee JY, Kim BK, Song NE, Jang HW. Analyzing volatiles in brown rice vinegar by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–Arrow: Optimizing the extraction conditions and comparisons with conventional SPME. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1634099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Nam
- Food Analysis center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Food Analysis center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Keun Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nho-Eul Song
- Food Analysis center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Jang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Han XB, Zhao J, Cao JM, Zhang CS. Essential oil of Chrysanthemum indicum L.: potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7013-7023. [PMID: 30648233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora nicotianae is currently considered one of the most devastating oomycete plant pathogens, and its control frequently relies solely on the use of systemic fungicides. There is an urgent need to find environment-friendly control techniques. This study examined the chemical composition, inhibitory activity, and possible modes of action of the essential oil of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (EOC) flower heads against P. nicotianae. The EOC was obtained using hydrodistillation at a 0.15% yielded. It inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of P. nicotianae at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 μL/L, and exhibited fumigation effects (92.68% inhibition at 157.48 μL/L). Marked deformation of P. nicotianae mycelia included deformed tip enlargement, shrinkage, and rupture. Further, 55 and 47 compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS analyses, representing 88.2% and 98.91% of the total EOC, respectively. Monoterpenes (25.77%) and sesquiterpenes (54.14%) were the major components identified using GC-MS, whereas monoterpenes were the main constituents in the HS-SPME GC-MS analysis. The higher proportions of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes could be responsible for the inhibitory activity of EOC, which increased mycelia membrane permeability and the content of mycelial malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death also occurred. Thus, destruction of the cell wall and membrane might be two modes of action of EOC. Our results would be useful for the development of a new plant source of fungicide for P. nicotianae-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Han
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Microbial Organic Fertilizer Engineering Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Microbial Organic Fertilizer Engineering Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jian-Min Cao
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Cheng-Sheng Zhang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Zhang L, Ku KM. Biomarkers-based classification between green teas and decaffeinated green teas using gas chromatography mass spectrometer coupled with in-tube extraction (ITEX). Food Chem 2019; 271:450-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Boiteux J, Monardez C, Fernández MDLÁ, Espino M, Pizzuolo P, Silva MF. Larrea divaricata volatilome and antimicrobial activity against Monilinia fructicola. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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