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Yıldırım İ, Çiftçi U. Monitoring of pesticide residues in peppers from Çanakkale (Turkey) public market using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS detection. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:570. [PMID: 35796789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residue analyses were conducted for 283 pesticide active ingredients on pepper samples collected from the local markets (between April and November) of Çanakkale province of Turkey by using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS devices. In present pepper samples, 35 different pesticide residues were detected. About 25.0% (27 samples) of present samples had single residue and 43.5% (47 samples) had multiple residues. Of the detected pesticides, acetamiprid, triadimenol, imidacloprid, boscalid, pirimiphos-methyl, tebuconazole, and metalaxyl were the most common ones, while carbendazim/benomyl, fenpropathrin, and thiram were the banned ones. Moreover, 24 of the pesticide residues detected were above the MRL values, 19 pesticides were in the "moderately hazardous (II)," and two pesticides were in the "extremely hazardous (Ib)" class (WHO). Present findings revealed that consumer health may be in danger despite all legal measures by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Turkey, thus greater emphasis should be put on monitoring of pesticide use and residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Yıldırım
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Çal Vocational College, Pamukkale University, 20000, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Çiftçi
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Çanakkale Food Control Laboratory Directorate, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Method Validation and Residue Analysis of Mesosulfuron-Methyl and Diflufenican in Wheat Field Trial by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhang Q, Ma C, Duan Y, Wu X, Lv D, Luo J. Determination and dietary intake risk assessment of 35 pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) from Hainan province, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5523. [PMID: 35365691 PMCID: PMC8975881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in cowpea raises serious health concerns. In this study, a novel, sensitive, high-performance method was developed to simultaneously analyze the residues of 35 pesticides in cowpea samples from growing areas in the Hainan province of China, from November 2018 to June 2021. The method employs modified QuEChERS sample pretreatment coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification of the 35 pesticides in the cowpea matrix ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 μg/kg. Twenty-seven of the 35 pesticides were detected, twelve of which are banned for use on legumes in China. Residues for ten pesticides in 17.1% of the samples exceeded their MRLs, with the highest exceedance of 380% observed in difenoconazole. Moreover, 80.8% of the samples contained one or more pesticide residues, with the most frequently detected pesticide being chlorfenapyr with a detection rate of 46.3%. In addition, the pesticide triazophos was detected through different years and regions. Notably, the chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of the detected pesticides, evaluated from the national estimated acceptable daily intake, was lower than 100% in Chinese people of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Chen Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yun Duan
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
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Wu T, Qi P, Wang J, Wang Z, Di S, Xu H, Zhao H, Zhao C, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of 114 pesticides in complex Chinese herbal medicine Fritillaria using ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 as a reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4129-4137. [PMID: 35424355 PMCID: PMC8694350 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillaria, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is classified into many medicinal species and contains numerous complex components. It is thus difficult to simultaneously detect multiple pesticide residues in different Fritillaria species. An easy, reliable, and widely applicable analytical method based on a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with LC-MS/MS was developed to solve these problems encountered during pesticide residue analysis in complex Fritillaria matrices. Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and a primary secondary amine (PSA) were used as efficient purification sorbents by optimization of the QuEChERS process. Systematic method validation was performed for four species of Fritillaria. The matrix effect of pesticides varied among different Fritillaria species, and matrix-matched standard solutions were thus employed for quantitative analysis. The mean recoveries of all pesticides ranged from 88.6% to 95.5%, with mean relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 6% at spiked concentrations of 30, 120, and 240 μg kg−1. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for the developed method were in the range of 30–120 μg kg−1. This method was further used to analyze 47 Fritillaria samples from Zhejiang province, China, and seven pesticides were detected in 22 Fritillaria samples. These results demonstrate that the developed method is suitable for an accurate analysis of multiple pesticide residues in various Fritillaria. Fritillaria, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is classified into many medicinal species and contains numerous complex components.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University No. 600 Changjiang Road Harbin 150030 P. R. China +86 451 55191775
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
| | - Changshan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University No. 600 Changjiang Road Harbin 150030 P. R. China +86 451 55191775
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China +86 571 86419051.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residue and Control of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310021 P. R. China
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Simultaneous enantiomeric determination of multiple triazole fungicides in fruits and vegetables by chiral liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase. Food Chem 2020; 345:128842. [PMID: 33340898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of twelve triazole enantiomers (hexaconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, flutriafol, diniconazole, paclobutrazol) in six fruits and vegetables was established based on a stable and self-made bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase. Simultaneous enantio-separation of multiple analytes was achieved with resolution ca. 1.67-2.14. Magnetically assisted QuECHERS was used to simplify and optimize sample pre-treatment. The new method was validated (accuracy, precision, matrix effect, etc.). Good linearity (0.5-20 μg/L, R2 > 0.99) and high recoveries (76.1-103.4%) based on intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSDs) (2.6-11.9%), were obtained. Furthermore, a total of 90 samples were analyzed using this method and enantiomeric fractions (EF) for tebuconazole in strawberry and cucumber (0.63 and 0.43, respectively) were determined as well as 0.57 for flutriafol in tomato. This high-throughput detection method supported a convenient enantiomeric monitoring for chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables.
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Ni P, Liu L, Hao C, Xu X, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C. Rapid and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Method-Based Monoclonal Antibody for the Quantitative Detection of Metalaxyl in Tobacco. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18168-18175. [PMID: 32743191 PMCID: PMC7392375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against metalaxyl (Met) with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.54 ng/mL based on a new hapten, and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) was developed for the rapid detection of Met residues in tobacco. Under optimal conditions, even with the naked eye, one can see the semiquantitative analysis results. The naked eye detection limit of Met in tobacco is 25 μg/kg, and the detection threshold is 100 μg/kg. In addition, the cross-reactivity test shows that the mAb has good specificity for Met, and the GICA results have a good correlation with the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry test results, which show that the method is feasible and reliable and are more convenient and quicker than the methods using instrumentation for detection. Therefore, GICA may provide a useful tool for the rapid screening and detection of Met residues in tobacco.
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Chen X, Wang W, Liu F, Bian Y. Improved analysis of propamocarb and cymoxanil for the investigation of residue behavior in two vegetables with different cultivation conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3157-3163. [PMID: 32096228 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of highly water-soluble propamocarb and hydrophobic cymoxanil in potato tuber and tomato fruit. Residue behaviors of the fungicides in open field or greenhouse were investigated for the safety evaluation of these two pesticides, and the effects of cultivation conditions, fungicide exposure and fruit size of tomato on residue level are discussed. RESULTS Vegetable samples were extracted with ammonia-acetonitrile, further purified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated with fortified samples at different concentration levels (0.05-2.0 mg kg-1 ). Average recoveries ranged from 84 to 111% with relative standard deviations between 0.3 and 5.5%. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were set at the lowest spiking level of 0.05 mg kg-1 . In tomato and cherry tomato, initial residue level of cymoxanil was below LOQ at recommended good agricultural practices. Propamocarb residues were affected by the cultivation conditions, with highest levels of 0.52 and 0.72 mg kg-1 in open field and greenhouse, respectively. In addition, residues of propamocarb in cherry tomatoes were found to be present at 1.25 mg kg-1 . CONCLUSIONS The field trial results showed that propamocarb and cymoxanil residues in potato tubers were below LOQ due to the tubers not being exposed to sprayed pesticides. The unexpected high residue levels in cherry tomato seem to indicate that cherry tomato with small size presents certain accumulative effects of propamocarb. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Chen
- Laboratory of Testing and Standardization, Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, China
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Bian
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Song NE, Seo DH, Choi JY, Yoo M, Koo M, Nam TG. Dispersive Solid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with LC-MS/MS for the Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Strawberries. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070273. [PMID: 31336601 PMCID: PMC6678714 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of food quality and safety requires a suitable analytical method with simultaneous detection in order to control pesticide and herbicide residues. In this study, a novel analytical method, referred to as “dispersive solid–liquid extraction”, was applied to monitor seven sulfonylurea herbicides in strawberries. This method was optimized in terms of the amount of C18 and the volume of added water, and it was validated through satisfactory linearities (R2 > 0.99), recoveries of 70% to 84% with acceptable precisions, and limits of quantification lower than the maximum residue limits for the seven sulfonylurea herbicides in strawberries. The cleanup efficiency of the dispersive solid–liquid extraction technique was compared to that of the QuEChERS- (“quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe”) based method with dispersive solid phase extraction. The recoveries of the former were found to be comparable to those involving QuEChERS C18 cleanup (recoveries of 74%–87%). The method was used to determine sulfonylurea herbicide residues in ten strawberry samples. None of the samples had herbicide residues higher than that of limit of quantifications (LOQs) or maximum residue limits (MRLs). The results suggest that the dispersive solid–liquid extraction method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is effective for the analysis of sulfonylurea herbicide residues in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nho-Eul Song
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Miyoung Yoo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minseon Koo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea.
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Cutillas V, Murcia-Morales M, Gómez-Ramos MDM, Taha SM, Fernández-Alba AR. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues in dried spices. Benefits and drawbacks. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1059:124-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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