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Ozen B, Cavdaroglu C, Tokatli F. Trends in authentication of edible oils using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4216-4233. [PMID: 38899503 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The authentication of edible oils has become increasingly important for ensuring product quality, safety, and compliance with regulatory standards. Some prevalent authenticity issues found in edible oils include blending expensive oils with cheaper substitutes or lower-grade oils, incorrect labeling regarding the oil's source or type, and falsely stating the oil's origin. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, have emerged as effective tools for rapidly and non-destructively analyzing edible oils. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in using vibrational spectroscopy for authenticating edible oils. The fundamental principles underlying vibrational spectroscopy are introduced and chemometric approaches that enhance the accuracy and reliability of edible oil authentication are summarized. Recent research trends highlighted in the review include authenticating newly introduced oils, identifying oils based on their specific origins, adopting handheld/portable spectrometers and hyperspectral imaging, and integrating modern data handling techniques into the use of vibrational spectroscopic techniques for edible oil authentication. Overall, this review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art techniques and prospects for utilizing vibrational spectroscopy in the authentication of edible oils, thereby facilitating quality control and consumer protection in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Ozen
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Urla, Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Cagri Cavdaroglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Urla, Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Figen Tokatli
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Urla, Izmir, Turkiye.
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2
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da Silva ICM, Abich JG, Maurer NB, Soares J, Pessatto DF, Santos RO, Helfer GA, da Costa AB. Fast and low-cost method for direct and simultaneous determination of nitrogen and carbon in soybean leaves using benchtop and portable near-infrared devices. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1843-1852. [PMID: 37870132 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current techniques for determining carbon and nitrogen content to provide information about the nutritional status of plants are time-consuming and expensive. For this reason, the objective of this study was to develop an analytical method for the direct and simultaneous determination of nitrogen and carbon elemental content in soybean leaves using near-infrared spectroscopy and compare the performance of conventional (1100-2500 nm spectral range) and portable equipment (1100-1700 nm spectral range). Partial least-squares regression models were developed using 27 soybean leaf samples collected during the 2021 harvest and applied for the simultaneous determination of carbon and nitrogen in 13 samples collected during the 2022 harvest. RESULTS The root-mean-square error of prediction values for nitrogen and carbon were low (2.42 g kg-1 and 4.37 g kg-1 respectively) for the benchtop method yielded low but higher for the portable method (3.82 g kg-1 and 10.7 g kg-1 respectively). The benchtop method did not show significant differences when compared with the reference method for determining nitrogen and carbon. In contrast, the portable methodology showed potential as a screening method for determining nitrogen levels, particularly in fieldwork. CONCLUSION The methodologies evaluated in this study were implemented and evaluated under real crop monitoring conditions, using independent sets of calibration and prediction samples. Their utilization enables the acquisition of cost-effective, safe analytical data aligning with the principles of green analytical chemistry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Guilherme Abich
- Curso de Agronomia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jocelene Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Demis Faqui Pessatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas e Processos Industriais, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilson Augusto Helfer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas e Processos Industriais, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adilson Ben da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas e Processos Industriais, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Aghili NS, Rasekh M, Karami H, Edriss O, Wilson AD, Ramos J. Aromatic Fingerprints: VOC Analysis with E-Nose and GC-MS for Rapid Detection of Adulteration in Sesame Oil. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6294. [PMID: 37514589 PMCID: PMC10383484 DOI: 10.3390/s23146294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Food quality assurance is an important field that directly affects public health. The organoleptic aroma of food is of crucial significance to evaluate and confirm food quality and origin. The volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions (detectable aroma) from foods are unique and provide a basis to predict and evaluate food quality. Soybean and corn oils were added to sesame oil (to simulate adulteration) at four different mixture percentages (25-100%) and then chemically analyzed using an experimental 9-sensor metal oxide semiconducting (MOS) electronic nose (e-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for comparisons in detecting unadulterated sesame oil controls. GC-MS analysis revealed eleven major VOC components identified within 82-91% of oil samples. Principle component analysis (PCA) and linear detection analysis (LDA) were employed to visualize different levels of adulteration detected by the e-nose. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) were also used for statistical modeling. The sensitivity and specificity obtained for SVM were 0.987 and 0.977, respectively, while these values for the ANN method were 0.949 and 0.953, respectively. E-nose-based technology is a quick and effective method for the detection of sesame oil adulteration due to its simplicity (ease of application), rapid analysis, and accuracy. GC-MS data provided corroborative chemical evidence to show differences in volatile emissions from virgin and adulterated sesame oil samples and the precise VOCs explaining differences in e-nose signature patterns derived from each sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sadat Aghili
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Mansour Rasekh
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Hamed Karami
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Omid Edriss
- Department of Computer, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan 77181-84483, Iran
| | - Alphus Dan Wilson
- Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Pathology Department, Center for Forest Health & Disturbance, Forest Genetics & Ecosystems Biology, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776-0227, USA
| | - Jose Ramos
- College of Computing and Engineering, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796, USA
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Ordoudi SA, Strani L, Cocchi M. Toward the Non-Targeted Detection of Adulterated Virgin Olive Oil with Edible Oils via FTIR Spectroscopy & Chemometrics: Research Methodology Trends, Gaps and Future Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010337. [PMID: 36615530 PMCID: PMC9822006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-Transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy offers a strong candidate screening tool for rapid, non-destructive and early detection of unauthorized virgin olive oil blends with other edible oils. Potential applications to the official anti-fraud control are supported by dozens of research articles with a "proof-of-concept" study approach through different chemometric workflows for comprehensive spectral analysis. It may also assist non-targeted authenticity testing, an emerging goal for modern food fraud inspection systems. Hence, FTIR-based methods need to be standardized and validated to be accepted by the olive industry and official regulators. Thus far, several literature reviews evaluated the competence of FTIR standalone or compared with other vibrational techniques only in view of the chemometric methodology, regardless of the inherent characteristics of the product spectra or the application scope. Regarding authenticity testing, every step of the methodology workflow, and not only the post-acquisition steps, need thorough validation. In this context, the present review investigates the progress in the research methodology on FTIR-based detection of virgin olive oil adulteration over a period of more than 25 years with the aim to capture the trends, identify gaps or misuses in the existing literature and highlight intriguing topics for future studies. An extensive search in Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, combined with bibliometric analysis, helped to extract qualitative and quantitative information from publication sources. Our findings verified that intercomparison of literature results is often impossible; sampling design, FTIR spectral acquisition and performance evaluation are critical methodological issues that need more specific guidance and criteria for application to product authenticity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Ordoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Strani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Ordoudi SA, Özdikicierler O, Tsimidou MZ. Detection of ternary mixtures of virgin olive oil with canola, hazelnut or safflower oils via non-targeted ATR-FTIR fingerprinting and chemometrics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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New Constructed EEM Spectra Combined with N-PLS Analysis Approach as an Effective Way to Determine Multiple Target Compounds in Complex Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238378. [PMID: 36500471 PMCID: PMC9740148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied to many fields. In this study, a simple method was proposed to obtain the new constructed three-dimensional (3D) EEM spectra based on the original EEM spectra. Then, the application of the N-PLS method to the new constructed 3D EEM spectra was proposed to quantify target compounds in two complex data sets. The quantitative models were established on external sample sets and validated using statistical parameters. For validation purposes, the obtained results were compared with those obtained by applying the N-PLS method to the original EEM spectra and applying the PLS method to the extracted maximum spectra in the concatenated mode. The comparison of the results demonstrated that, given the advantages of less useless information and a high calculating speed of the new constructed 3D EEM spectra, N-PLS on the new constructed 3D EEM spectra obtained better quantitative analysis results with a correlation coefficient of prediction above 0.9906 and recovery values in the range of 85.6-95.6%. Therefore, one can conclude that the N-PLS method combined with the new constructed 3D EEM spectra is expected to be broadened as an alternative strategy for the simultaneous determination of multiple target compounds.
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Pan F, Yang E, Chen X, Li P, Wu X, Zhang M. Identification of Adulterated Evening Primrose Oil Based on GC‐MS and FT‐IR Combined with Chemometrics. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Enqi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xianmao Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Peizhi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xinling Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
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Navratilova K, Hurkova K, Hrbek V, Uttl L, Tomaniova M, Valli E, Hajslova J. Metabolic fingerprinting strategy: Investigation of markers for the detection of extra virgin olive oil adulteration with soft-deodorized olive oils. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Vision transformer for quality identification of sesame oil with stereoscopic fluorescence spectrum image. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Lamas S, Rodrigues N, Fernandes IP, Barreiro MF, Pereira JA, Peres AM. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-chemometric approach as a non-destructive olive cultivar tool for discriminating Portuguese monovarietal olive oils. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Rapid HPLC–MS/MS Detection of Aliphatic Aldehyde Formation in Four Vegetable Oils from Different Frying Processes. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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The application of parallel processing in the selection of spectral variables in beer quality control. Food Chem 2021; 367:130681. [PMID: 34359005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parallel data analysis was investigated to improve performance in variable selection and to develop predictive models for beer quality control. A set of spectral near infrared (NIR) data from 60 beer samples and its primitive extracts as the original concentration was used. The dataset was distributed to Raspberry Pi 3 Model B devices connected to a network that was running a Machine Learning service. With more than 4 devices acting in parallel, it was possible to reduce time in 57% to find the best linear regression coefficient (0.999) with the lower RMSECV (0.216) if compared to a singular desktop computer. Thus, parallel processing can significantly reduce the time to indicate the best model fitted during the variable's selection.
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13
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Authentication of the Botanical and Geographical Origin and Detection of Adulteration of Olive Oil Using Gas Chromatography, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071565. [PMID: 34359435 PMCID: PMC8306465 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil is among the most popular supplements of the Mediterranean diet due to its high nutritional value. However, at the same time, because of economical purposes, it is also one of the products most subjected to adulteration. As a result, authenticity is an important issue of concern among authorities. Many analytical techniques, able to detect adulteration of olive oil, to identify its geographical and botanical origin and consequently guarantee its quality and authenticity, have been developed. This review paper discusses the use of infrared and Raman spectroscopy as candidate tools to examine the authenticity of olive oils. It also considers the volatile fraction as a marker to distinguish between different varieties and adulterated olive oils, using SPME combined with gas chromatography technique.
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Radovanović M, Ilić M, Pastor K, Ačanski M, Panić S, Srdić VV, Randjelović D, Kojić T, Stojanović GM. Rapid detection of olive oil blends using a paper-based portable microfluidic platform. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Hou X, Wang G, Wang X, Ge X, Fan Y, Jiang R, Nie S. Rapid screening for hazelnut oil and high-oleic sunflower oil in extra virgin olive oil using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry and machine learning. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2389-2397. [PMID: 33011981 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has high commercial value, it is routinely adulterated with other oils. The present study investigated the feasibility of rapidly identifying adulterated EVOO using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry and machine learning approaches (decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines and convolutional neural network (CNN)). RESULTS LF-NMR spectroscopy effectively distinguished pure EVOO from that which was adulterated with hazelnut oil (HO) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). The applied CNN algorithm had an accuracy of 89.29%, a precision of 81.25% and a recall of 81.25%, and enabled the rapid (2 min) discrimination of pure EVOO that was adulterated with HO and HOSO in the volumetric ratio range of 10-100%. CONCLUSIONS LF-NMR coupled with the CNN algorithm is a viable candidate for rapid EVOO authentication. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Hou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmin Ge
- School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiren Fan
- School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdong Nie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Mendes E, Duarte N. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Valuable Tool to Tackle Food Analysis: A Literature Review on Coffee, Dairies, Honey, Olive Oil and Wine. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020477. [PMID: 33671755 PMCID: PMC7926530 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, food adulteration and authentication are topics of utmost importance for consumers, food producers, business operators and regulatory agencies. Therefore, there is an increasing search for rapid, robust and accurate analytical techniques to determine the authenticity and to detect adulteration and misrepresentation. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), often associated with chemometric techniques, offers a fast and accurate method to detect and predict food adulteration based on the fingerprint characteristics of the food matrix. In the first part of this review the basic concepts of infrared spectroscopy, sampling techniques, as well as an overview of chemometric tools are summarized. In the second part, recent applications of MIR spectroscopy to the analysis of foods such as coffee, dairy products, honey, olive oil and wine are discussed, covering a timespan from 2010 to mid-2020. The literature gathered in this article clearly reveals that the MIR spectroscopy associated with attenuated total reflection acquisition mode and different chemometric tools have been broadly applied to address quality, authenticity and adulteration issues. This technique has the advantages of being simple, fast and easy to use, non-destructive, environmentally friendly and, in the future, it can be applied in routine analyses and official food control.
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17
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Rapid Detection of Adulteration in Extra Virgin Olive Oil by Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Combined with Pattern Recognition. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Wu X, Zhao Z, Tian R, Niu Y, Gao S, Liu H. Total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with deep learning to rapidly identify the authenticity of sesame oil. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 244:118841. [PMID: 32871392 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality of sesame oil (SO) has been paid more and more attention. In this study, total synchronous fluorescence (TSyF) spectroscopy and deep neural networks were utilized to identify counterfeit and adulterated sesame oils. Firstly, typical samples including pure SO, counterfeit sesame oil (CSO) and adulterated sesame oil (ASO) were characterized by TSyF spectra. Secondly, three data augmentation methods were selected to increase the number of spectral data and enhance the robustness of the identification model. Then, five deep network architectures, including Simple Recurrent Neural Network (Simple RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network, Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) network and LSTM fortified with Convolutional Neural Network (LSTMC), were designed to identify the CSO and trace the source with 100% accuracy. Finally, ASO samples were also 100% correctly identified by training these network architectures. These results supported the feasibility of the novel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wu
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhilei Zhao
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Ruiling Tian
- The School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yudong Niu
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shibo Gao
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Detection of adulteration in extra virgin olive oil by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and chemometrics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Borghi FT, Santos PC, Santos FD, Nascimento MH, Corrêa T, Cesconetto M, Pires AA, Ribeiro AV, Lacerda V, Romão W, Filgueiras PR. Quantification and classification of vegetable oils in extra virgin olive oil samples using a portable near-infrared spectrometer associated with chemometrics. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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He Y, Bai X, Xiao Q, Liu F, Zhou L, Zhang C. Detection of adulteration in food based on nondestructive analysis techniques: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2351-2371. [PMID: 32543218 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1777526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, people pay more and more attention to food quality and safety, which are significantly relating to human health. Food adulteration is a world-wide concerned issue relating to food quality and safety, and it is difficult to be detected. Modern detection techniques (high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, etc.) can accurately identify the types and concentrations of adulterants in different food types. However, the characteristics as expensive, low efficient and complex sample preparation and operation limit the use of these techniques. The rapid, nondestructive and accurate detection techniques of food adulteration is of great and urgent demand. This paper introduced the principles, advantages and disadvantages of the nondestructive analysis techniques and reviewed the applications of these techniques in food adulteration screen in recent years. Differences among these techniques, differences on data interpretation and future prospects were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiulin Bai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinlin Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Mid-infrared Spectroscopy as a Probe for Caramelization in Dispersed Systems. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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