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Gao J, Li X, Zheng Y, Qin Q, Chen D. Recent Advances in Sample Preparation and Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Detecting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils: 2010 to Present. Foods 2024; 13:1714. [PMID: 38890942 PMCID: PMC11171805 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic to humans. For non-smoking populations, food is the main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure. Due to their lipophilic nature, oils and fats rank among the food items with the highest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content. Consequently, the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils is critical for the promotion of human health. This paper reviews sample pretreatment methods, such as liquid-phase-based extraction methods, adsorbent-based extraction methods, and the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, combined with detection techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatography-based techniques for accurate quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils since 2010. An overview on the advances of the methods discussed herein, along with a commentary addition of current challenges and prospects, will guide researchers to focus on developing more effective detection methods and control measures to reduce the potential risks and hazards posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Qin
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Wu Y, Qu W, Qiu C, Chen K, Zhuang Y, Zeng Z, Yan Y, Gu Y, Tao W, Gao J, Li K. The Method and Study of Detecting Phenanthrene in Seawater Based on a Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Oligosaccharide Modified Electrode Immunosensor. Molecules 2023; 28:5701. [PMID: 37570671 PMCID: PMC10420227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE), as a structurally simple, tricyclic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), is widely present in marine environments and organisms, with serious ecological and health impacts. It is crucial to study fast and simple high-sensitivity detection methods for phenanthrene in seawater for the environment and the human body. In this paper, a immunosensor was prepared by using a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)-chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) nanocomposite membrane loaded with phenanthrene antibody. The principle was based on the antibody-antigen reaction in the immune reaction, using the strong electron transfer ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, coupled with chitosan oligosaccharides with an excellent film formation and biocompatibility, to amplify the detection signal. The content of the phenanthrene in seawater was studied via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using a potassium ferricyanide system as a redox probe. The antibody concentration, pH value, and probe concentration were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the response peak current of the phenanthrene was inversely proportional to the concentration of phenanthrene, in the range from 0.5 ng·mL-1 to 80 ng·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.30 ng·mL-1. The immune sensor was successfully applied to the detection of phenanthrene in marine water, with a recovery rate of 96.1~101.5%, and provided a stable, sensitive, and accurate method for the real-time monitoring of marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Wei Qu
- Eastern Michigan Associated Engineering College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Chengjun Qiu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Zexi Zeng
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yirou Yan
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yang Gu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Wei Tao
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Ke Li
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
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Research Progress of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pretreatment Methods and Application of Computer Simulation Technology for Prediction and Degradation of Electrochemical Concentration Detection. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6288072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds that are composed of aromatic rings containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are one of the widespread environmental pollutants in the world. In recent years, many scholars have focused on the inhibition, formation mechanism, content of active components, and biodegradation effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. They summarized the research progress of pretreatment methods for detection, but rarely discussed the experimental dataset for comprehensive analysis of pollution sources and the impact of different pretreatment technologies on the extraction of different substrates. What is more, computer simulation has not been mentioned. In this study, the pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed, and the related applications of various pretreatment methods such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) are summarized. Finally, the computer simulation of the response surface method is introduced. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is tested or predicted by combining the neural network with the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, artificial population algorithm (ABC), and hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA). Its future development trend is discussed and prospected, which provides a reference for solving the pollution problem. We look forward to providing help for the follow-up research of scholars in this field.
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Yan XT, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Source, Sample Preparation, Analytical and Inhibition Methods of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food (Update since 2015). SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1977321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ting Yan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kim HJ, Cho J, Jang A. Effect of charcoal type on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meats. Food Chem 2020; 343:128453. [PMID: 33168259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of grilling using three charcoal types (white, black, and extruded charcoal) on the formation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three types of meat (beef loin, pork belly, and chicken thigh) was evaluated. Meats were grilled using a standardized technique until an internal temperature of 71-75 °C was reached. The limits of quantitation, relative recoveries, and precisions of the PAH analyses using GC/MS were 0.03-0.31 μg/kg, 73.5-120.5%, and 0.54-5.02%, respectively. Meats grilled using extruded charcoal showed the highest levels of PAHs (p < 0.0001) among the different charcoals. Additionally, higher levels of 4 PAHs were found in pork belly than beef loin and chicken thigh meat, due to its high fat content (p < 0.0001). The effects of charcoal and meat types showed a high coefficiency (p < 0.0001). These results indicated that the combination of white charcoal and low-fat meat could reduce PAHs formation in charcoal-grilled meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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