1
|
Zapater C, Aguirre MÁ, González-Gallardo N, Ramón DJ, Vidal L, Canals A. Determination of Fe, Cu, and Pb in edible oils using choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction associated with microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 274:125939. [PMID: 38547838 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A new simple, fast and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-based DLLME) methodology assisted by vortex is presented for the separation and preconcentration of three elements (i.e., Fe, Cu and Pb) from edible oil samples (i.e., soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame, and olive oil) prior to the determination by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES). The deep eutectic solvent selected as extractant (i.e., choline chloride and ethylene glycol, 1:2) is synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the extraction conditions are optimized by a two steps experimental design. Under the optimum extraction conditions (i.e., diluted sample weight: 8.6 g; DES volume: 100 μL; extraction time: 1 min; centrifugation time and speed: 3 min and 3000 rpm; and dispersion system: vortex) the analytical method presents excellent linearity (i.e., R2 values higher than 0.99) in the range 10-500 μg kg-1, repeatability (i.e., CV values lower than 9.2%), and limits of detection (LOD) values of 3, 2 and 0.7 μg kg-1 for Pb, Fe and Cu, respectively. None of the analytes displayed amounts over the upper limit permitted by law, and recovery values of all analytes evaluated in the different samples using external standard calibration were close to 100%, which excludes significant matrix effects. Finally, AGREEprep metric has been used to evaluate the method greenness (final score of 0.47) and it has been compared successfully with previous publications for the same type of analytes and matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zapater
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nerea González-Gallardo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego J Ramón
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lorena Vidal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Canals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science and University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuzen M, Altunay N, Hazer B, Mogaddam MRA. Synthesis of polystyrene-polyricinoleic acid copolymer containing silver nano particles for dispersive solid phase microextraction of molybdenum in water and food samples. Food Chem 2022; 369:130973. [PMID: 34507087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-polyricinoleic acid copolymer containing silver nano particles (AgPSrici) was synthesized and used in separation of molybdenum from different aqueous and foodstuff samples during a dispersive-µ-solid phase extraction approach. The synthesized nano particles were verified using Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy. An electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry has been used for measurement of the studied ions. AgPSrici amount pH, sample volume, elution solvent kind, and the time of extraction were the effective parameters that were optimized by one-variable-at-one-time method. Analytical data of the method was calculated and limit of detection, relative standard deviation, limit of quantification were 0.022 µg L-1, 2.9%, 150, and 0.066 µg L-1, respectively. The synthesized adsorption capacity was obtained 170 mg g-1.Accuracy of the method was studied by performing the method on certified reference materials and the presence of different interfering ions was studied. Molybdenum content of different water and foodstuffs was determined by the introduced method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nail Altunay
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Nevşehir, Turkey; Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Department of Chemistry, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adolfo FR, Nascimento PCD. Extraction Induced by Emulsion and Microemulsion Breaking for Metal Determination by Spectrometric Methods - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1374-1392. [PMID: 34991390 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on extraction induced by the destabilization of emulsified systems combined with spectrometric techniques for metal analysis in oily samples. This approach is based on the formation and breaking of an emulsion (extraction induced by emulsion breaking - EIEB) or microemulsion (extraction induced by microemulsion breaking - EIMB) to transfer the analytes from the oil sample to the aqueous phase, which is separated in the process. Its simplicity, speed, and low cost have contributed to its growing popularity among researchers. However, the potential of EIEB and EIMB is far from being fully exploited. Therefore, this paper aims to provide relevant information to expand the applicability of these methods. The principle of the methods is discussed, and a brief description of emulsified systems is presented. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and calibration strategy are also critically discussed. Furthermore, the analytical applications of the methods are reviewed. Trends and opportunities in this field are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Rovasi Adolfo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|