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Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J, Arnao MB. Common Methods of Extraction and Determination of Phytomelatonin in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2798:161-181. [PMID: 38587742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The presence of melatonin in plants, called phytomelatonin, has gained great interest in recent years. The determination of phytomelatonin levels in plant extracts for both physiological and plant foodstuff studies requires sophisticated techniques due to the low endogenous levels of this indolic compound with hormonal nature. This chapter presents the most common and advanced techniques in the determination of phytomelatonin, with special emphasis on the techniques of extraction, cleaning, separation, detection, identification, and quantification. Multiple examples and recommendations are presented for a clear overview of the pros and cons of phytomelatonin determinations in plant tissues, seeds, and fruits, mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cano
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Wu L, Isah Bindawa M, Zhang S, Dang M, Zhang X. Development of indirect competitive ELISA and CLEIA for quantitative analysis of melatonin in health products. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5545-5552. [PMID: 37847386 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01182h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), as a hormone regulating the rhythm of sleep, is widely used in health products. However, illicit and excessive use of MT might cause undesirable effects. Therefore, it is essential to establish highly sensitive and specific rapid methods for MT analysis in health products. In this study, we established indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and indirect competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) for sensitive and selective detection of MT in health products. Under optimal conditions, half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) and limit of detection (LOD, IC10 value) for MT by ic-ELISA were 0.25 ng mL-1 and 0.03 ng mL-1 respectively, while the IC50 and LOD of ic-CLEIA were lower at 0.17 ng mL-1 and 0.03 ng mL-1 respectively. Three MT-free Chinese patent medicines were spiked with MT and the recovery rates ranged from 71.89% to 117% (ic-ELISA) and 83.66% to 107.17% (ic-CLEIA). The level of MT in six MT-containing health products was assessed in parallel using the developed methods and HPLC. Both ic-ELISA and ic-CLEIA showed good consistencies (R2 = 0.999 and 0.993, respectively) with HPLC, indicating that the two methods developed were sensitive, fast, and reliable for application in MT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Wu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Murtala Isah Bindawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Siran Zhang
- Xi'an Middle School of Shaanxi Province, Fengcheng Wulu 69, Weiyang, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Dang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Jayaraman S, Rajarathinam T, Jang HG, Thirumalai D, Lee J, Paik HJ, Chang SC. Ruthenium-Anchored Carbon Sphere-Customized Sensor for the Selective Amperometric Detection of Melatonin. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:936. [PMID: 37887129 PMCID: PMC10605478 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), a pineal gland hormone, regulates the sleep/wake cycle and is a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders, depression, hypertension, and several cancers, including prostate cancer and hepatocarcinoma. The amperometric detection of MT was achieved using a sensor customized with ruthenium-incorporated carbon spheres (Ru-CS), possessing C- and O-rich catalytically active Ru surfaces. The non-covalent interactions and ion-molecule adducts between Ru and CS favor the formation of heterojunctions at the sensor-analyte interface, thus accelerating the reactions towards MT. The Ru-CS/Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) sensor demonstrated the outstanding electrocatalytic oxidation of MT owing to its high surface area and heterogeneous rate constants and afforded a lower detection limit (0.27 μM), high sensitivity (0.85 μA μM -1 cm-2), and excellent selectivity for MT with the co-existence of crucial neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. High concentrations of active biomolecules, such as ascorbic acid and tyrosine, did not interfere with MT detection. The practical feasibility of the sensor for MT detection in pharmaceutical samples was demonstrated, comparable to the data provided on the product labels. The developed amperometric sensor is highly suitable for the quality control of medicines because of its low cost, simplicity, small sample size, speed of analysis, and potential for automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaguru Jayaraman
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (T.R.); (H.-G.J.)
| | - Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (T.R.); (H.-G.J.)
| | - Hyeon-Geun Jang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (T.R.); (H.-G.J.)
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- BIT Convergence-Based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (D.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaewon Lee
- BIT Convergence-Based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (D.T.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (T.R.); (H.-G.J.)
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Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Wei BB, Feng XS. Melatonin in different food samples: Recent update on distribution, bioactivities, pretreatment and analysis techniques. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112272. [PMID: 36596183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) plays a significant role on maintaining the basic physiological functions and regulating various metabolic processes in plentiful organisms. Recent years have witnessed an increase in MLT's share in global market with its affluent functions. However, the worrisome quality issues and inappropriate or excessive application of MLT take place inevitably. In addition, its photosensitive properties, oxidation, complex substrate concentration and trace levels leave exact detection of MLT doubly difficult. Therefore, it is essential to exploit precise, sensitive and stable extraction and detection methods to resolve above questions. In this study, we reviewed the distribution and bioactivities of MLT and conducted a comprehensive overview of the developments of pretreatment and analysis methods for MLT in food samples since 2010. Commonly used pretreatment methods for MLT include not only traditional techniques, but also novel ones, such as solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS, microextraction by packed sorbent, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, and so on. Analysis methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, GC methods, capillary electrophoresis, sensors, and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques have been compared and the development tendency was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021 China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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