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Popovic M, Myhre JR, Holen JIH, Gifstad T, Strand IL, Strand T, Mo IF, Fischer-Bredenbeck C, Drogset JO. Reduced Knee Flexion Strength 18 Years After ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Versus Patellar Tendon. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:2750-2757. [PMID: 39221503 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241271524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis (hamstring) grafts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Short-term and midterm studies show little or no differences between the 2 grafts; however, there are only a few long-term studies to compare results between the 2 grafts. PURPOSE To compare the results after using either BPTB grafts or hamstring tendon grafts 18 years after ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence 2. METHODS A total of 114 patients with ACL rupture between 2001 and 2004 were randomized to reconstruction with either a BPTB graft or a hamstring tendon graft. Patients were operated on at 4 major hospitals. The 18-year follow-up evaluation included anterior knee laxity measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer, defined as the primary outcome, while clinical examination (Lachman and pivot-shift tests), isokinetic testing of muscle strength, patient-reported outcome measures, and an assessment of radiographic osteoarthritis using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification were defined as secondary outcomes. RESULTS A total of 96 patients (84%, 47 BPTB and 49 hamstring grafts) were available for follow-up, 71 of these for clinical examination. Seven of 96 patients were excluded for ACL revision (n = 5) or knee replacement (n = 2) surgery. In total, 25 patients (10 BPTB and 15 hamstring grafts) had undergone additional surgery other than ACL revision or total knee arthroplasty. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of anterior laxity test with KT-1000 arthrometer (primary outcome). In secondary outcomes, no significant differences between groups were reported regarding clinical examination, patient-reported outcome scores, or radiographic osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-4 for patellofemoral joint [18 hamstring and 14 BPTB] or tibiofemoral joint [20 hamstring and 19 BPTB]), while isokinetic testing revealed that the hamstring group had a 10.7% reduction in mean peak flexion torque compared with the BPTB group at 60 deg/s (df = 59; P = .011). At 60 deg/s the mean total flexion work in the hamstring group was reduced by 17.2% compared with the BPTB group (df = 59; P = .002). CONCLUSION The flexion strength in the hamstring group was significantly reduced in the operated knee after 18 years. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding subjective outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, clinical and instrumented knee laxity, and the development of osteoarthritis. REGISTRATION NCT05876013 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie Rike Myhre
- Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Tone Gifstad
- Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Torbjorn Strand
- Department of Orthopedics, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Fleten Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jon Olav Drogset
- Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Druel J, Jacquet C, Escudier JC, Desmaison C, Raghbir K, Ollivier M, Guenoun D. The Incidence of Injuries to Ramp Semimembranosus Complex Lesions After ACL Injury: An MRI Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241260382. [PMID: 39372234 PMCID: PMC11452879 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241260382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Medial meniscal ramp lesions have recently been an area of interest because of their recognized prevalence in association with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. Anatomically, the medial meniscal ramp is composed of the meniscocapsular ligament in continuity with the semimembranosus muscle and the meniscotibial ligament. Diagnosis of ramp semimembranosus complex (RSC) injuries remains challenging, and their prevalence is likely to be underestimated in comparison with ramp lesions. Purpose To determine the prevalence of RSC lesions after a complete ACL rupture. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A retrospective database analysis was performed. The cohort consisted of the first 100 patients with complete ACL rupture confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who underwent knee arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction in 2019. The semimembranosus lesions were identified using MRI by 2 independent radiologists specializing in musculoskeletal imaging. The ramp lesions were initially diagnosed using MRI and then confirmed during arthroscopy by an experienced knee surgeon. The magnitude of rotatory instability was recorded using the pivot-shift test. A multivariate analysis was used to determine the lesions associated with the semimembranosus complex. Results Of 100 patients, 53 showed lesions of the RSC; among them, 30 ramp lesions were confirmed after arthroscopic evaluation, and 40 semimembranosus lesions (23 without ramp lesion and 17 with ramp lesion) were found using MRI. A positive pivot shift was present in 57% of patients with combined RSC injury (P = .04) compared with 36% in patients without an RSC lesion. Conclusion Lesions of the RSC were found in more than half of ACL ruptures in this retrospective cohort. Rotational instability could be associated with combined ACL and RSC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Druel
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Escudier
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Desmaison
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Khakha Raghbir
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Daphné Guenoun
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Department of Radiology, Marseille, France
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Mo IF, Harlem T, Faleide AGH, Strand T, Vindfeld S, Solheim E, Inderhaug E. ACL Reconstruction Using Quadrupled Semitendinosus Versus Double-Stranded Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autograft: 2-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1927-1936. [PMID: 38845474 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241254048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disadvantage of using hamstring tendon autograft consisting of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is pain from tendon harvesting and persistent hamstring weakness. In the tendon-sparing all-inside technique, a quadrupled semitendinosus graft and adjustable-loop cortical fixation are suggested to give less postoperative flexion deficits while displaying overall similar clinical results to the traditional hamstring technique. However, there are a limited number of high-quality studies comparing these techniques with inconsistent results. PURPOSE To investigate differences between the all-inside (quadrupled semitendinosus) and traditional hamstring (double-stranded semitendinosus and gracilis) technique regarding (1) self-reported function, (2) hamstring strength, and (3) knee laxity. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 98 patients were randomized to either the all-inside or the traditional hamstring technique. Perioperatively, duration of surgery and graft size were obtained. The International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner Activity Scale score, knee laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference and pivot shift), range of motion, isokinetic knee strength, and hop test score were collected preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. Return-to-sport readiness was evaluated 9 months postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 89 patients completed 2-year follow-up, 45 patients with the all-inside technique and 44 patients with the traditional hamstring technique. There were no significant differences between groups in any of the outcome measures 2 years after surgery, but there was a tendency in the all-inside group toward having increased anterior translation (mean, 3.6 mm vs 2.7 mm), a higher number of revision surgeries (5 patients vs 2 patients), and more patients having +1 and +2 pivot-shift values (29 vs 18 patients) when compared with the traditional group. CONCLUSION The all-inside technique yields equivalent results to the traditional hamstring technique 2 years after surgery and should be considered a reliable technique to use for ACL reconstruction. Sparing the gracilis tendon does not lead to less persistent hamstring weakness. Long-term follow-up is needed to further determine whether the tendency of increased anterior translation seen at 2 years postoperatively will lead to a higher risk of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Fleten Mo
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Søren Vindfeld
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Solheim
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Aleris Hospital Nesttun Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Inderhaug
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Berumen-Nafarrate E, Ramos-Moctezuma IR, Sigala-González LR, Quintana-Trejo FN, Tonche-Ramos JJ, Portillo-Ortiz NK, Cañedo-Figueroa CE, Aguirre-Madrid A. Mobile App for Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Assessment in Conscious Subjects: "Pivot-Shift Meter". J Pers Med 2024; 14:651. [PMID: 38929873 PMCID: PMC11204776 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) instability poses a considerable challenge in traumatology and orthopedic medicine, demanding precise diagnostics for optimal treatment. The pivot-shift test, a pivotal assessment tool, relies on subjective interpretation, emphasizing the need for supplementary imaging. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a machine learning classification algorithm integrated into a mobile application, leveraging smartphones' built-in inertial sensors for dynamic rotational stability assessment during knee examinations. Orthopedic specialists conducted knee evaluations on a cohort of 52 subjects, yielding valuable insights. Quantitative analyses, employing the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), demonstrated robust agreement in both intraobserver and interobserver assessments. Specifically, ICC values of 0.94 reflected strong concordance in the timing between maneuvers, while signal amplitude exhibited consistency, with the ICC ranging from 0.71 to 0.66. The introduced machine learning algorithms proved effective, accurately classifying 90% of cases exhibiting joint hypermobility. These quantifiable results underscore the algorithm's reliability in assessing knee stability. This study emphasizes the practicality and effectiveness of implementing machine learning algorithms within a mobile application, showcasing its potential as a valuable tool for categorizing signals captured by smartphone inertial sensors during the pivot-shift test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Berumen-Nafarrate
- Star Medica Chihuahua Hospital, Perif. de la Juventud 6103, Fracc. El Saucito, Chihuahua 31110, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Ivan Rene Ramos-Moctezuma
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Luis Raúl Sigala-González
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Fatima Norely Quintana-Trejo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Jesus Javier Tonche-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Nadia Karina Portillo-Ortiz
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Cañedo-Figueroa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Autonomous of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31110, Mexico; (I.R.R.-M.); (L.R.S.-G.); (F.N.Q.-T.); (J.J.T.-R.); (N.K.P.-O.); (C.E.C.-F.)
| | - Arturo Aguirre-Madrid
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Star Medica Chihuahua Hospital, Perif. de la Juventud 6103, Fracc. El Saucito, Chihuahua 31110, Mexico;
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Lee DW, Lee DH, Cho SI, Yang SJ, Kim WJ, Lee JK, Kim JG. Comparison of ACL and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction With Isolated ACL Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft: Outcomes in Young Female Patients With High-Grade Pivot Shift. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231178048. [PMID: 37781636 PMCID: PMC10536865 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231178048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inferior return to sports (RTS) and functional outcomes have been reported in women after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose was to evaluate the results of combined ACLR and anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) in young women with a high-grade pivot shift (grade ≥2). It was hypothesized that combined ACLR and ALLR would result in better RTS and rotational stability than isolated ACLR. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Two groups were retrospectively evaluated and compared. Group I (n = 39; mean age, 31.1 ± 5.7 years) underwent isolated ACLR using hamstring autografts; group C (n = 39; mean age, 30.4 ± 6.1 years) underwent combined ACLR and ALLR. Subjective outcome measures included the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form, Lysholm, Tegner, and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI). Objective tests included a KT-2000 arthrometer stress test, a pivot-shift test, an isokinetic strength test, a Y-balance test, and a single-leg hop test. A postoperative questionnaire was administered to determine the rates and types of RTS, quality of sports performance, and reinjury and satisfaction rates. Subjective scores and clinical tests were performed at 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopy were conducted during the 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively. Results The mean follow-up for groups I and C were 30.4 ± 3.9 and 29.3 ± 3.5 months, respectively (P = .194). Patients in group C had better anteroposterior (P = .001) and rotational (P = .005) stability and higher ACL-RSI scores (P = .025) than those in group I. Group C had higher composite and posteromedial reach scores on the Y-balance test than group I (P = .014 and P = .010, respectively). A total of 26 (66.7%) patients in group C and 17 (43.6%) in group I returned to their prior level of sports (P = .040). Rerupture of the ACL graft and contralateral ACL rupture occurred in 2 (5.1%) and 2 (5.1%) patients in group I, respectively, compared with no rerupture or contralateral ACL rupture in group C. Conclusion Combined ACLR and ALLR in young women with a high-grade pivot shift was associated with better knee stability parameters, dynamic postural stability, and psychological readiness to RTS than isolated ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ik Cho
- Sports Medical Center, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Yang
- Department of Health and Exercise Management, Tongwon University, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kyu Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Kim YS, Koo S, Kim JH, Tae J, Wang JH, Ahn JH, Jang KM, Jeon J, Lee DK. Greater Knee Rotatory Instability After Posterior Meniscocapsular Injury Versus Anterolateral Ligament Injury: A Proposed Mechanism of High-Grade Pivot Shift. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231188712. [PMID: 37693803 PMCID: PMC10486219 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231188712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For anterolateral rotatory instability as a result of secondary soft tissue injuries in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees, there is increasing interest in secondary stabilizers to prevent internal rotation (IR) of the tibia. Purpose To determine which secondary stabilizer is more important in anterolateral rotatory instability in ACL-deficient knees. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The lower extremities of 10 fresh-frozen cadavers (20 extremities) without anterior-posterior or rotational instability were included. Matched-pair randomization was performed, with each side per specimen assigned to 1 of 2 groups. In group 1, the ACL was sectioned, followed by the anterolateral ligament (ALL); in group 2, the ACL was sectioned, followed by sequential sectioning of the posterolateral meniscocapsular complex (PLMCC) and posteromedial meniscocapsular complex (PMMCC). The primary outcome was the change in relative tibial IR during a simulated pivot-shift test with 5 N·m of IR torque and 8.9 N of valgus force. The secondary outcomes were the International Knee Documentation Committee grade in the pivot-shift test and the incidence of the grade 3 pivot shift. Results In group 1, compared with baseline, the change in relative tibial IR at 0° of knee flexion was 1.4° (95% CI, -0.1° to 2.9°; P = .052) after ALL release. In group 2, it was 2.5° (95% CI, 0.4° to 4.8°; P = .007) after PLMCC release and 4.1° (95% CI, 0.5° to 7.8°; P = .017) after combined PLMCC and PMMCC release. Combined PLMCC and PMMCC release resulted in greater change of tibial IR with statistical significance at 0°, 15°, and 30° of knee flexion (P = .008, .057, and .004, respectively) compared with ALL release. The incidence of grade 3 pivot shifts was 10% in group 1 and 90% in group 2. Conclusion Posterior meniscocapsular laxity caused an increase in relative tibial IR as much as ALL injury in ACL-deficient knees in our simulated laboratory test, and greater anterolateral rotatory instability occurred with posterior meniscocapsular injury compared with ALL injury. Clinical Relevance Repair of the injured posterior meniscocapsular complex may be an important treatment option for reducing anterolateral rotatory instability in the ACL-deficient knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeun Tae
- Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saeum Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Mo Jang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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McLeod KC, Barber FA. Pivot Shift Syndrome of the Knee. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2023; 31:34-40. [PMID: 37418172 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The pivot shift test, in contrast to the Lachman or anterior drawer, is a manually subjective clinical test that simulates the injury mechanism. It is the most sensitive test to determine ACL insufficiency. This paper reviews the history, development, research, and treatment associated with the pivot shift phenomenon which is associated with tearing and loss of function of the knee anterior cruciate ligament. The pivot shift test most closely recapitulates what the symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament deficient patient feels is happening which is an abnormal translation and rotation of the injured joint during flexion or extension. The test is best conducted in the relaxed patient by applying knee flexion, tibial external rotation, and valgus stress. The pivot shift biomechanics and treatment measures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C McLeod
- Baptist Health Specialty - Arkadelphia, Orthopedic Surgeon, 2915 Cypress Rd, Suite D, Arkadelphia, AR
| | - F Alan Barber
- Plano Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Fellowship Director Emeritus, Plano, TX
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Devitt BM, Neri T, Fritsch BA. Combined anterolateral complex and anterior cruciate ligament injury: Anatomy, biomechanics, and management-State-of-the-art. J ISAKOS 2023; 8:37-46. [PMID: 36368633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture typically occurs because of sudden axial loading of the knee in conjunction with a coupled valgus and rotational moment about the tibia. However, the ACL is not the only structure damaged during this mechanism of injury, and studies have shown that the anterolateral complex (ALC) of the knee is also commonly involved. Biomechanical studies have established that the ALC plays an important role as a secondary stabiliser to control anterolateral rotatory laxity (ALRL). Indeed, it has been suggested that failure to address injury to the ALC at the time of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) may increase the risk of graft failure owing to persistent ALRL. The concept of combining a lateral extra-articular procedure to augment ACLR for the treatment of ACL injury emerged with a view to decrease the failure rate of either procedure in isolation. This state-of-the-art review discusses the history of the anatomy of the ALC, the biomechanics of a variety of lateral extra-articular augmentation procedures, and provides clinical guidelines for their use in primary ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Devitt
- Dublin City University, School of Health and Human Performance & Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, D09 C523, Ireland.
| | - Thomas Neri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon - Jean Monnet, 42000, France
| | - Brett A Fritsch
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Level 1, The Gallery, 445 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia
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Soudé G, De Villeneuve Bargemon JB, Khakha R, Pithioux M, Argenson JN, Ollivier M, Jacquet C. Pivot shift intraoperative quantitative assessment using a smartphone accelerometer in ACL deficient knees. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:6. [PMID: 36695976 PMCID: PMC9877253 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Pivot Shift (PS) test is a complex clinical sign that assesses the internal rotation and anterior tibial translation, which occurs abnormally in ACL deficient-knees. Because of the high inter-observer variability, different devices have been designed to characterize this complex movement in quantitative variables. The objective of this pilot study is to validate the reproducibility of intraoperative quantitative assessment of the PS with a smartphone accelerometer. METHODS Twelve ACL-injured knees were included and compared with the contralateral uninjured side. The PS was measured by two independent observers utilizing a smartphone accelerometer and graded according to the IKDC classification. Measurements were taken preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. Intraoperative readings were taken during each stage of reconstruction or repair of meniscoligamentous lesions including meniscal lesions, ramp lesions, ACL reconstruction and lateral tenodesis. Reproducibility of the measurements were evaluated according to an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The intra-observer reliability was good for the first examiner and excellent for the second examiner, with the ICC 0.89 [0.67, 0.98] p < 0,001 and ICC 0.97 [0.91, 1.0] p < 0,001 respectively. The inter-observer reliability was excellent between the two observers with the ICC 0.99 [0.97, 1.0] p < 0,001. The mean tibial acceleration measured 3.45 m.s2 (SD = 1.71) preoperatively on the injured knees and 1.03 m.s2 (SD = 0.36) on the healthy knees, demonstrating a significant difference following univariate analysis p < 0.001. Postoperatively, no significant difference was observed between healthy and reconstructed knees The magnitudes of tibial acceleration values were correlated with the PS IKDC grade. CONCLUSION The smartphone accelerometer is a reproducible device to quantitatively assess the internal rotation and anterior tibial translation during ACL reconstruction surgery. The measurements are influenced by the different surgical steps. Other larger cohort studies are needed to evaluate the specific impact of each step of the ACL reconstruction and meniscal repair on this measurement. An external validation using other technologies are needed to validate the reliability of this device to assess the PS test. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series, pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Soudé
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, cedex 09 Marseille, France ,Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France
| | - Jean-Baptiste De Villeneuve Bargemon
- Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France ,International Wrist Center, Bizet Clinic, Paris, France
| | - Raghbir Khakha
- grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Guys and St Thomas Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Martine Pithioux
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, cedex 09 Marseille, France ,Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France
| | - Jean-Noël Argenson
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, cedex 09 Marseille, France ,Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, cedex 09 Marseille, France ,Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, cedex 09 Marseille, France ,Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Institute of movement and locomotion, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 29 13274 Marseille, BP France
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10
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Godshaw BM, Hughes JD, Lucidi GA, Setliff J, Sansone M, Karlsson J, Musahl V. Posterior tibial plateau impaction fractures are not associated with increased knee instability: a quantitative pivot shift analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023:10.1007/s00167-023-07312-3. [PMID: 36633602 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures and how they contribute to rotatory knee laxity using quantitative pivot shift analysis. It was hypothesised that neither the presence of nor the degree of involvement of the plateau would affect rotatory knee laxity in the ACL-deficient knee. METHODS A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 284 patients with complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries was conducted. Posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures were identified on preoperative MRI. The patients were divided into two cohorts: "fractures" or "no fractures". The cohort with fractures was further categorised based on fracture morphology: "extra-articular", "articular-impaction", or "displaced-articular fragment". All data were collected during examination under anaesthesia performed immediately prior to ACL reconstruction. This included a standard pivot shift test graded by the examiner and quantitative data including anterior tibial translation (mm) via Rolimeter, quantitative pivot shift (QPS) examination (mm) via PIVOT tablet technology, and acceleration (m/sec2) during the pivot shift test via accelerometer. Quantitative examinations were compared with the contralateral knee. RESULTS There were 112 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures (112/284, 39%). Of these, 71/112 (63%) were "extra-articular", 28/112 (25%) "articular-impaction", and 13/112 (12%) "displaced-articular". Regarding the two groups with or without fractures, there was no difference in subjective pivot shift (2 ± 0 vs 2 ± 0, respectively, n.s.), QPS (2.4 ± 1.6 mm vs 2.7 ± 2.2 mm, respectively, n.s.), anterior tibial translation measurements (6 ± 3 mm vs 5 ± 3 mm, respectively, n.s.), or acceleration of the knee during the pivot (1.7 ± 2.3 m/s2 vs 1.8 ± 3.1 m/s2, respectively, n.s.). When the fractures were further subdivided, subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences noted in any of the measured examinations between the fracture subtypes. CONCLUSION This study showed that the posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures are commonly encountered in the setting of ACL tears; however, contrary to previous reports, they do not significantly increase rotatory knee laxity. This suggests that this type of concomitant injury may not need to be addressed at the time of ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Godshaw
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gian Andrea Lucidi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Joshua Setliff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Mikael Sansone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jon Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
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11
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Filbay SR, Roemer FW, Lohmander LS, Turkiewicz A, Roos EM, Frobell R, Englund M. Evidence of ACL healing on MRI following ACL rupture treated with rehabilitation alone may be associated with better patient-reported outcomes: a secondary analysis from the KANON trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:91-98. [PMID: 36328403 PMCID: PMC9872245 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the natural course of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing on MRI within 5 years of acute ACL rupture and compare 2-year and 5-year outcomes based on healing status and treatment group. METHODS Secondary analysis of 120 Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Nonsurgical vs Surgical Treatment (KANON) trial participants randomised to rehabilitation and optional delayed ACL reconstruction (ACLR) or early ACLR and rehabilitation. ACL continuity on MRI (Anterior Cruciate Ligament OsteoArthritis Score 0-2) was considered evidence of ACL healing. Outcomes included Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), KOOS patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and treatment failure criteria. Linear mixed models were used to estimate adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) in patient-reported sport and recreational function (KOOS-Sport/Rec) and quality of life (KOOS-QOL) at 2 and 5 years, between participants with MRI evidence of ACL healing and those who had (1) no evidence of ACL healing, (2) delayed ACLR or (3) early ACLR. RESULTS MRI evidence of ACL healing at 2-year follow-up was observed in 16 of 54 (30%, 95% CI 19 to 43%) participants randomised to optional delayed ACLR. Excluding participants who had delayed ACLR, 16 of 30 (53%, 36-70%) participants managed with rehabilitation-alone displayed MRI evidence of ACL healing. Two-year outcomes were better in the healed ACL group (n=16) compared with the non-healed (n=14) (mean difference (95% CI) KOOS-Sport/Rec: 25.1 (8.6-41.5); KOOS-QOL: 27.5 (13.2-41.8)), delayed ACLR (n=24) (KOOS-Sport/Rec: 24.9 (10.2-39.6); KOOS-QOL: 18.1 (5.4-30.8)) and early ACLR (n=62) (KOOS-Sport/Rec: 17.4 (4.1-30.7); KOOS-QOL: 11.4 (0.0-22.9)) groups. Five-year KOOS-QOL was better in the healed versus non-healed group (25.3 (9.4-41.2)). Of participants with MRI evidence of ACL healing, 63-94% met the PASS criteria for each KOOS subscale, compared with 29-61% in the non-healed or reconstructed groups. CONCLUSIONS MRI appearance of ACL healing after ACL rupture occurred in one in three adults randomised to initial rehabilitation and one in two who did not cross-over to delayed ACLR and was associated with favourable outcomes. The potential for spontaneous healing of the ACL to facilitate better clinical outcomes may be greater than previously considered. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN84752559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rose Filbay
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank W Roemer
- Radiology, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Stefan Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewa M Roos
- Department of Sports and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Richard Frobell
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Misir A, Uzun E, Sayer G, Guney B, Guney A. Anatomic Factors Associated With the Development of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rerupture in Men: A Case-Control Study. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3228-3235. [PMID: 36074046 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several factors are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rerupture, the effect of anatomic factors associated with ACL rupture on ACL rerupture development has not been evaluated. PURPOSE To determine individual anatomic parameters independently associated with ACL rerupture and the diagnostic values of these parameters. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 91 male patients with ACL rerupture and 182 age-, sex-, body mass index-, and side dominance-matched patients without rerupture who underwent ACL reconstruction with a 5-year follow-up were included. In all, 35 parameters that were previously defined as risk factors for primary ACL rupture were compared between the 2 groups. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models were created to evaluate independently associated factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for independently associated parameters to predict sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation age of patients at the time of index surgery was 26.5 ± 6.7 years. Notch shape index (P = .014), tibial proximal anteroposterior (AP) distance (TPAPD) (P < .001), lateral femoral condylar AP distance (LCAPD)/TPAPD ratio (P < .001), medial meniscal cartilage bone height (P < .001), and lateral meniscal bone angle (P = .004) were found to be significantly different between the 2 groups. Only the LCAPD/TPAPD ratio (odds ratio, 2.713; 95% CI, 1.998-5.480; P < .001) was found to be independently associated with ACL rerupture development. The LCAPD/TPAPD ratio revealed 78.9% sensitivity and 75.5% specificity (area under the curve, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.760-0.870) for values above 1.52. CONCLUSION The LCAPD/TPAPD ratio can be used to distinguish patients who are at risk of developing ACL rerupture from patients who are not. In the clinical practice, findings of this study may help to develop surgical and nonsurgical preventive strategies in ACL rerupture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamit Misir
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Istanbul Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Uzun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Sayer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Betul Guney
- Erciyes University Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Guney
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Liu A, Cui W, Yang W, Li C, Yan S, Xin Z, Wu H. Anterior Tibial Subluxation of Lateral Compartment Is Associated With High-Grade Rotatory Instability for Acute But Not Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: An Magnetic Resonance Imaging Case-Control Study. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:2852-2860. [PMID: 35550417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether anterior tibial subluxation obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be a predictor of high-grade rotatory instability for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, including acute and chronic cases. METHODS From September 2016 to August 2018, we retrospectively investigated 163 patients with ACL injuries who subsequently underwent primary ACL reconstruction. Among them, 30 patients with high-grade rotatory instability (grade II/III pivot shift) were included in the high-grade group, and their age and sex were matched 1:2 to low-grade cases (<grade II pivot shift). On preoperative MRI, we measured anterior tibial subluxation, posterior tibial slope, as well as the time from injury to surgery. Meniscal lesions were documented from arthroscopy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of high-grade rotatory instability. Furthermore, subgroup comparisons between 2 groups were divided into acute (≤3 months) and chronic (>3 months) phases. RESULTS The high-grade group had a larger anterior tibial subluxation of lateral compartment (8.1 mm vs 5.9 mm; P =.004) than the low-grade group, whereas no significant difference was found in anterior tibial subluxation of medial compartment (P > .05). Moreover, high-grade anterior tibial subluxation of lateral compartment (≥6 mm) was found to be an independent predictor (odds ratio, 12.992; P = .011) associated with concomitant meniscal tears after ACL injuries. Anterior tibial subluxation of lateral compartment demonstrated statistical significance between the two groups when comparing subgroups within 3 months but not beyond 3 months. CONCLUSION In ACL-injured patients, high-grade anterior tibial subluxation of lateral compartment (≥6 mm) could be a unique predictor of high-grade knee rotatory instability for acute but not chronic injuries. Prolonged time from injury to surgery and lateral meniscus tears were risk factors for high-grade rotatory laxity in chronic patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective prognostic trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wushi Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weinan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congsun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengfeng Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haobo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Agarwal N, Monketh J, Volpin A. Clinical and mechanical outcomes in isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction vs additional lateral extra-articular tenodesis or anterolateral ligament reconstruction. World J Orthop 2022; 13:662-675. [PMID: 36051377 PMCID: PMC9302030 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i7.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been a successful treatment for ACL rupture. However ongoing rotational instability can be an issue. Several surgical techniques have been recommended to overcome this including lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) and more recently anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR).
AIM To compare the clinical outcomes following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) alone or ACLR with either LET or ALLR.
METHODS A systematic review was conducted by means of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical.Trials.Gov), and the Reference Citaion Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) to identify all studies investigating either or both of LET and ALLR. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for cohort studies was employed for critical appraisal and evaluation of all twenty-four studies which met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS Pooled meta-analyses illustrated that ACLR with additional LET or ALLR results in improved pivot shift test scores, compared to isolated ACLR. There was no statistically significant difference in International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) clinical scores with addition of either LET or ALLR. ACL re-rupture rates were compared between LET and ALLR techniques. There was a statistically significant difference between techniques, with a 1.14% rupture rate in ACLR +ALLR, and 4.03% rupture rate in ACLR + LET. Isolated ACLR re-rupture rates were 12.59%, significantly higher than when augmented with either ALLR or LET (P < 0.0001 for both groups). There were no statistical differences in pivot shift test or IKDC scores between LET and ALLR techniques.
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis has found that use of either LET or ALLR in addition to ACLR results in improved mechanical outcomes suggesting surgeons should consider augmenting ACLR with an extra-articular procedure in patients with rotatory instability. Furthermore, both anterolateral extra articular procedures in addition to ACLR lead to reduced ACL re-rupture rates compared to isolated ACLR. Moreover, ALLR results in reduced ACL re-rupture rates, compared to LET. More research is needed to compare the two respective extra-articular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Jaibaji Monketh
- Health Education England North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 8NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Volpin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, NHS Grampian, Elgin IV30 1SN, United Kingdom
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15
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Jorge PB, de Oliveira DE, de Resende VR, Horita MM, de Oliveira E Silva M, Duarte A, Santili C, Betoni Guglielmetti LG. Knee anteromedial compartment dissection: Final results and anterior oblique ligament description. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1329-1337. [PMID: 34432303 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The anteromedial region of the knee is little explored in the literature and may play an important role in anteromedial rotatory instability. The purpose of this study is to describe a ligamentous structure in the anteromedial region of the knee identified in a series of anatomical dissections of cadaveric specimens. Twenty-one cadaveric knees were dissected to study the medial compartment. Exclusion criteria were signs of trauma, previous surgery, signs of osteoarthritis, and poor preservation state. The main structures of this region were identified during medial dissection. After releasing the superficial medial collateral ligament of the tibia, the anterior oblique ligament (AOL) was isolated. The morphology of the structure and its relationship with known anatomical parameters were determined. For the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. A 95% confidence interval was defined as significant. Student's t-tests were used for continuous variables. After dissection, a distinct ligamentous structure (AOL) was found in the medial region of the knee. This structure was found in 100% of the cases, was located extracapsularly and originated in the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle, running obliquely toward the tibia. When crossing the joint, the ligament presented a fan-shaped opening, exhibiting a larger area at the tibial insertion. The AOL had a mean thickness of 6.83 ± 1.51 mm at its femoral origin and 13.39 ± 2.64 at its tibial insertion. It had a significantly (p = 0.0001) longer mean length with the knee at 90° of flexion (35.27 ± 6.59 mm) than with the knee in total extension (27.89 ± 5.46 mm), indicating that the ligament is tensioned in flexion. A new structure was identified in the anteromedial compartment of the knee with a ligamentous appearance. Further studies are necessary to identify its importance on knee stability. This study demonstrates the anatomy of a new medial structure of the knee. As a result, there will be a better understanding of the stability of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Jorge
- Department of Sports Trauma, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Melanie M Horita
- Department of Sports Trauma, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aires Duarte
- Department of Sports Trauma, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Santili
- Department of Sports Trauma, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Ariel de Lima D, Helito CP, de Lima LL, Clazzer R, Gonçalves RK, de Camargo OP. HOW TO PERFORM A META-ANALYSIS: A PRACTICAL STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE USING R SOFTWARE AND RSTUDIO. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 30:e248775. [PMID: 35694025 PMCID: PMC9150877 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220223003e248775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analysis is an adequate statistical technique to combine results from different studies, and its use has been growing in the medical field. Thus, not only knowing how to interpret meta-analysis, but also knowing how to perform one, is fundamental today. Therefore, the objective of this article is to present the basic concepts and serve as a guide for conducting a meta-analysis using R and RStudio software. For this, the reader has access to the basic commands in the R and RStudio software, necessary for conducting a meta-analysis. The advantage of R is that it is a free software. For a better understanding of the commands, two examples were presented in a practical way, in addition to revising some basic concepts of this statistical technique. It is assumed that the data necessary for the meta-analysis has already been collected, that is, the description of methodologies for systematic review is not a discussed subject. Finally, it is worth remembering that there are many other techniques used in meta-analyses that were not addressed in this work. However, with the two examples used, the article already enables the reader to proceed with good and robust meta-analyses. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ariel de Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Faculty of Medicine, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Camilo Partezani Helito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lana Lacerda de Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Faculty of Medicine, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Renata Clazzer
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte, Faculty of Medicine, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Olavo Pires de Camargo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Magosch A, Jacquet C, Nührenbörger C, Mouton C, Seil R. Grade III pivot shift as an early sign of knee decompensation in chronic ACL-injured knees with bimeniscal tears. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1611-1619. [PMID: 34302192 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse possible associations between the preoperative pivot shift (PS) test and both patient and injury characteristics in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured knees, considering previously neglected meniscal injuries such as ramp and root tears. The hypothesis was that a preoperative grade III PS was associated with the amount of intra-articular soft-tissue damage and chronicity of the injury. METHODS The cohort involved 376 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction (239 males/137 females; median age 26). Patients were examined under anesthesia before surgery, using the PS test. During arthroscopy, intra-articular soft-tissue damage of the injured knee was classified as: (1) partial ACL tear; (2) complete isolated ACL tear; (3) complete ACL tear with one meniscus tear; and (4) complete ACL and bimeniscal tears. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate whether sex, age, body mass index, sport at injury, mechanism of injury, time from injury and intra-articular damage (structural damage of ACL and menisci) were associated with a grade III PS. Intra-articular damage was further analyzed for two sub-cohorts: acute (time from injury ≤ 6 months) and chronic injuries (> 6 months). RESULTS A grade III PS test was observed in 26% of patients. A significant association with PS grading was shown for age, time from injury and intra-articular soft-tissue damage (p < 0.05). Further analyses showed that grade III PS was associated with intra-articular damage in chronic injuries only (p < 0.01). In complete ACL and bimeniscal tears, grade III PS was more frequent in chronic (53%) than in acute knee injuries (26%; p < 0.01). Patients with chronic complete ACL and bimeniscal tears had a grade III PS 3.3 [1.3-8.2] times more often than patients in the acute sub-cohort. CONCLUSION In ACL-injured patients, a preoperative grade III PS was mainly associated with a higher amount of intra-articular soft-tissue damage and chronicity of the injury. Patients with complete chronic ACL injuries and bimeniscal tears were more likely to have a preoperative grade III PS than their acute counterparts. This suggests that grade III PS may be an early sign of knee decompensation of dynamic rotational knee laxity in chronic ACL-injured knees with bimeniscal lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Magosch
- Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, 78 Rue d'Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Institute for Movement and Locomotion (IML), Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, St. Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Nührenbörger
- Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, 78 Rue d'Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Science, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Caroline Mouton
- Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, 78 Rue d'Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Science, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Romain Seil
- Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, 78 Rue d'Eich, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. .,Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Science, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. .,Human Motion, Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Digital Methods, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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18
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Caracciolo G, Yáñez R, Silvestre R, De la Fuente C, Zamorano H, Ossio A, Strömbäck L, Abusleme S, P Carpes F. Intraoperative pivot-shift accelerometry combined with anesthesia improves the measure of rotatory knee instability in anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:80. [PMID: 34561730 PMCID: PMC8463650 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The knee stiffness acquired following an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury might affect clinical knee tests, i.e., the pivot-shift maneuver. In contrast, the motor effects of spinal anesthesia could favor the identification of rotatory knee deficiencies prior to ACL reconstruction. Hence, we hypothesized that the intra-operative pivot-shift maneuver under spinal anesthesia generates more acceleration in the lateral tibial plateau of patients with an injured ACL than without. Methods Seventy patients with unilateral and acute ACL rupture (62 men and 8 women, IKDC of 55.1 ± 13.8 pts) were assessed using the pivot-shift maneuver before and after receiving spinal anesthesia. A triaxial accelerometer was attached to the skin between Gerdys’ tubercle and the anterior tuberosity to measure the subluxation and reduction phases. Mixed ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed considering the anesthesia and leg as factors (alpha = 5%). Results We found a higher acceleration in the injured leg measured under anesthesia compared to without anesthesia (5.12 ± 1.56 m.s− 2 vs. 2.73 ± 1.19 m.s− 2, p < 0.001), and compared to the non-injured leg (5.12 ± 1.56 m.s− 2 vs. 3.45 ± 1.35 m.s− 2, p < 0.001). There was a presence of significant interaction between leg and anesthesia conditions (p < 0.001). Conclusions The pivot-shift maneuver performed under anesthesia identifies better rotatory instability than without anesthesia because testing the pivot-shift without anesthesia underestimates the rotatory subluxation of the knee by an increased knee stiffness. Thus, testing under anesthesia provides a unique opportunity to determine the rotational instability prior to ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Caracciolo
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Roberto Yáñez
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Rony Silvestre
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Carlos De la Fuente
- Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.,Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Cs. de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, RM, 7820436, Chile
| | - Héctor Zamorano
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Alejandra Ossio
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Lars Strömbäck
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Sebastian Abusleme
- Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile.,Centro de investigación en Medicina, Ejercicio, Deporte y Salud, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, RM, 7691236, Chile
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.
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19
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Faleide AGH, Magnussen LH, Bogen BE, Strand T, Mo IF, Vervaat W, Inderhaug E. Association Between Psychological Readiness and Knee Laxity and Their Predictive Value for Return to Sport in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2599-2606. [PMID: 34251870 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciding when patients are ready to return to sport (RTS) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is challenging. The understanding of which factors affect readiness and how they may be related is limited. Therefore, despite widespread use of RTS testing, there is a lack of knowledge about which tests are informative on the ability to resume sports. PURPOSE To examine whether there is an association between knee laxity and psychological readiness to RTS after ACLR and to evaluate the predictive value of these measures on sports resumption. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Patients aged ≥16 years engaged in physical activity/sports before injury were recruited at routine clinical assessment 9-12 months after ACLR. Exclusion criteria were concomitant ligament surgery at ACLR and/or previous ACL injury in the contralateral knee. At baseline, a project-specific activity questionnaire and the ACL-Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale were completed. Knee laxity was assessed by use of the Lachman test, KT-1000 arthrometer, and pivot-shift test. Two years after surgery, knee reinjuries and RTS status (the project-specific questionnaire) were registered. Associations between psychological readiness and knee laxity were evaluated with the Spearman rho test, and predictive ability of the ACL-RSI and knee laxity tests were examined using regression analyses. RESULTS Of 171 patients screened for eligibility, 132 were included in the study. There were small but significant associations between the ACL-RSI score and the Lachman test (rho = -0.18; P = .046) and KT-1000 arthrometer measurement (rho = -0.18; P = .040) but no association between the ACL-RSI and the pivot-shift test at the time of recruitment. Of the total patients, 36% returned to preinjury sport level by 2 years after surgery. Higher age, better psychological readiness, and less anterior tibial displacement (KT-1000 arthrometer measurement) were significant predictors of 2-year RTS (explained variance, 33%). CONCLUSION Small but significant associations were found between measurements of psychological readiness and anterior tibial displacement, indicating that patients with less knee laxity after ACLR feel more ready to RTS. ACL-RSI and KT-1000 arthrometer measurements were independent predictors of 2-year RTS and should be considered in RTS assessments after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gro Heyn Faleide
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Bård Erik Bogen
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Eivind Inderhaug
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Blanke F, Boljen M, Lutter C, Oehler N, Tischer T, Vogt S. Does the anterolateral ligament protect the anterior cruciate ligament in the most common injury mechanisms? A human knee model study. Knee 2021; 29:381-389. [PMID: 33711673 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction still has a risk of re-rupture and persisting rotational instability. Thus, extra-articular structures such as the anterolateral ligament (ALL) are increasingly treated. The ALL however prevents the internal rotation of the tibia and it must be doubted that the ALL protects the ACL in other common injury mechanisms which primarily include tibial external rotation. In this study we aimed to evaluate which extra-articular structures support the ACL in excessive tibial internal and external rotation using a knee finite element (FE) model. METHODS Internal and external rotations of the tibia were applied to an FE model with anatomical ACL, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and intact medial and lateral meniscus. Three additional anatomic structures (anterolateral ligament, popliteal tendon and posterior oblique ligament) were added to the FE model separately and then all together. The force histories within all structures were measured and determined for each case. RESULTS The ACL was the most loaded ligament both in tibial internal and external rotation. The ALL was the main stabilizer of the tibial internal rotation (46%) and prevented the tibial external rotation by only 3%. High forces were only observed in the LCL with tibial external rotation. The ALL reduced the load on the ACL in tibial internal rotation by 21%, in tibial external rotation only by 2%. The POL reduced the load on the ACL by 8%, the PLT by 6% in tibial internal rotation. In tibial external rotation the POL and PLT did not reduce the load on the ACL by more than 1%. CONCLUSION The ALL protects the ACL in injury mechanisms with tibial internal rotation but not in mechanisms with tibial external rotation. In injury mechanisms with tibial external rotation other structures that support the ACL need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanke
- Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - M Boljen
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Freiburg i. Breisgau, Germany
| | - C Lutter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - N Oehler
- Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - T Tischer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Vogt
- Department of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Hessing Stiftung Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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21
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Napier RJ, Feller JA, Devitt BM, McClelland JA, Webster KE, Thrush CSJ, Whitehead TS. Is the KiRA Device Useful in Quantifying the Pivot Shift in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees? Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120977869. [PMID: 33553458 PMCID: PMC7841684 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120977869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various technologies have been developed to quantify the pivot shift, as it is regarded as a key indicator of anterolateral rotatory laxity of the knee. Purpose: To determine the usefulness of a commercially available triaxial accelerometer (Kinematic Rapid Assessment [KiRA]) in numerically quantifying the pivot shift in patients under anesthesia with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knee. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Both knees of 50 patients (26 male [mean age, 30.4 years], 24 female [mean age, 26.6 years]) under anesthesia were assessed immediately before unilateral ACL reconstruction by an orthopaedic fellow and 1 of 3 experienced knee surgeons. The pivot-shift grade and 2 KiRA outputs (range of acceleration and slope of acceleration change) were compared. Results: The surgeon and fellow recorded the same pivot-shift grade for 45 of 50 patients (90%). Data from the 5 patients with no agreement and 1 patient with extreme outlying data were excluded from subsequent analysis. Using the KiRA range and slope data, the surgeon identified the injured knee in 74% and 76% of patients, respectively, while the fellow’s rate of injured knee identification was 74% and 80%, respectively. A correlation could be found only between pivot-shift grade and surgeon-derived range data (ρ = 0.40; P < .01) but not slope data or any fellow-derived outputs. Using the surgeon-derived range data, there was a significant difference between a grade 3 pivot (>5 m/s2) and a grade 1 or 2 pivot (<5 m/s2) (P = .01). Conclusion: Although a correlation between KiRA output data and pivot-shift grade was found when the device was used by an experienced surgeon, there was no correlation when used by a well-trained but less experienced orthopaedic fellow. Furthermore, the KiRA output data identified the ACL-deficient knee correctly in only 74% of patients. Although a threshold acceleration range value could be identified, above which the value was associated with a grade 3 pivot shift, this was dependent on the examiner, and distinction between other grades could not be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Napier
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Julian A Feller
- OrthoSport Victoria Research Unit, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian M Devitt
- OrthoSport Victoria Research Unit, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kate E Webster
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Sinha S, Singh L, Kumar I, Verma A, Saraf S, Singh T, Pandey S. Efficacy of lateral extra-articular tenodesis on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring graft: Magnetic resonance imaging evidence and clinical follow-up. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC DISEASES AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jodp.jodp_17_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Ferretti A, Monaco E, Gaj E, Andreozzi V, Annibaldi A, Carrozzo A, Vieira TD, Sonnery-Cottet B, Saithna A. Risk Factors for Grade 3 Pivot Shift in Knees With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Importance of Osseous and Soft Tissue Parameters From the SANTI Study Group. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2408-2417. [PMID: 32631068 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520935866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative grade 3 pivot shift has been reported to be associated with higher rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) failure, persistent instability, and inferior patient-reported outcomes. The etiology of a high-grade pivot shift is multifactorial, and numerous factors have been suggested to be responsible. More attention has recently been focused on injury to the anterolateral structures (ALS) as a risk factor for a grade 3 pivot shift. PURPOSE To determine risk factors for grade 3 pivot shift, including soft tissue and osseous parameters. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A prospective evaluation was undertaken of 200 consecutive patients undergoing acute ACL reconstruction (within 10 days of injury). An open exploration of the lateral side of the injured knee was performed at the time of the index procedure. Details regarding patient and injury characteristics were recorded, as were details of soft tissue injuries, including meniscal tears, ALS lesions, medial collateral ligament tears, and chondral injuries. Osseous parameters (tibial slope and condylar ratios) were determined per established magnetic resonance imaging protocols. A multivariate logistic regression with penalized maximum likelihood was used to identify risk factors associated with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade 3 pivot shift. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of the population was 28.3 ± 9.8 years; 67.5% of patients were male. Among patients, 35 (17.5%) had a high-grade pivot shift (IKDC grade 3), and 165 (82.5%) had a low-grade pivot shift (IKDC grades 1 and 2). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that injury to the ALS was the only significant risk factor for grade 3 pivot shift (odds ratio, 13.49; 95% CI, 1.80-1725.53). CONCLUSION This comprehensive evaluation of soft tissue and osseous factors has identified that injury to the ALS is the most important risk factor for grade 3 pivot shift in acute ACL-injured knees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferretti
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monaco
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gaj
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Andreozzi
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Annibaldi
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrozzo
- Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Thais Dutra Vieira
- Centre Orthopédique Santy; Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet
- Centre Orthopédique Santy; Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Adnan Saithna
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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24
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Zheng J, Ren B, Kang X, Zhang X, Dang X. Arthroscopic tri-pulley Technology reduction and internal fixation of pediatric Tibial Eminence fracture: a retrospective analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:408. [PMID: 32600299 PMCID: PMC7325093 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fixing a tibial eminence fracture with a tri-pulley is a new technique. The purpose of this study was to present the early clinical outcome of arthroscopic tri-pulley suture fixation for tibial eminence fractures in children. METHODS Twenty-one pediatric patients with type II or type III anterior tibial eminence fractures were included in this retrospective study. All Patients underwent surgical fixation by tri-pulley technology and were followed up for at least 24 months. They were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by physical, X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) examination and subjectively with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Lysholm questionnaires. RESULTS The patients included 12 males and 9 females; mean age, 12.5 years (range, 8 ~ 16 years). They were followed-up for a median of 27 months (range, 24 ~ 39 months). We did not find post-operative instability in any of the patients by physical examination. The KT-2000 difference of both knees decreased from 9.3 ± 1.2 mm preoperatively to 2.6 ± 0.8 mm 24 months postoperatively (P < 0.001); the IKDC subjective knee evaluation score improved from 43.1 ± 13.2 preoperatively to 83.8 ± 6.3 postoperatively (P < 0.001); and Lysholm improved from 48.3 ± 6.21 to 87.1 ± 9.8 (P < 0.001). No unhealed fractures or epiphyseal damage were reported in the postoperative X-ray and CT. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic tri-pulley fixation technology may provide a suitable technique for repair of tibial eminence fractures in skeletally immature patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series; Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- First Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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25
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Golan EJ, Tisherman R, Byrne K, Diermeier T, Vaswani R, Musahl V. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and the Anterolateral Complex of the Knee-Importance in Rotatory Knee Instability? Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2019; 12:472-478. [PMID: 31773476 PMCID: PMC6942070 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the setting of rotatory knee instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there has been a resurgence of interest in knee's anterolateral complex (ALC). Reconstruction or augmentation of the ALC with procedures such as a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has been proposed to reduce rotatory knee instability in conjunction with ACL reconstruction. The current review investigates the recent literature surrounding the role of the ALC in preventing rotatory knee instability. RECENT FINDINGS The knee's anterolateral complex (ALC) is a complex structure composed of the superficial and deep portions of the iliotibial band, the capsulo-osseous layer, and the anterolateral capsule. Distally, these various layers merge to form a single functional unit which imparts stability to the lateral knee. While the iliotibial band and the capsule-osseous layer have been shown to be primary restraints to rotatory motion after ACL injury, the biomechanical role of the anterolateral capsule remains unclear. Biomechanical studies have shown that the anterolateral capsule and the anterolateral thickening of this capsule act as a sheet of fibrous tissue which does not resist motion around the knee as other longitudinally oriented ligaments do. Augmentation of the ALC, with LET, has been performed globally for over 30 years. This procedure can decrease rotatory knee instability, but long-term studies have found little difference in patient-reported outcomes, osteoarthritis, or ACL reconstruction failure with the addition of LET. Further research is needed to clarify indications for the clinical use of ALC-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan J Golan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
| | - Robert Tisherman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kevin Byrne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
| | - Theresa Diermeier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
- Orthopaedic Sport Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ravi Vaswani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Building, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA
- Orthopaedic Robotics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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