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Salman BM, Al Riyami IM, AalHamad AH, Al-Khabori M. Limited Sampling Strategy Using End of Infusion and Six-Hour Concentrations Overestimates Intravenous Busulfan Clearance Compared With Standard Six-Point Sampling in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:766-771. [PMID: 37488745 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring for busulfan (Bu) is important to improve outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, standard therapeutic drug monitoring requires multiple samples and is inconvenient, labor-intensive, and costly. Accordingly, a limited sampling strategy (LSS) was evaluated, using 2-point sampling at end of infusion and at 6 hours, and the area-under-the-curve and Bu clearances (CLs) were compared with the results obtained from the standard sampling strategy (SSS) using 5-6 samples. METHOD The analysis was based on retrospective clinical data from 202 patients receiving intravenous Bu before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant or nonmalignant conditions. Bu plasma concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the PKCNA package in R program. RESULT A total of 502 doses were analyzed by applying SSS and LSS. Using the modified Bland-Altman plot, the mean percentage difference in CL between the SSS and LSS estimates of Bu 6-hourly regimen was -41% (Limits: -53% and -30%). In the once daily regimen, the mean difference in CL between the 2 strategies on the modified Bland-Altman plot was -22% (Limits: -66% and +22%). CONCLUSIONS The Bu CL values estimated based on the BU concentration at end of infusion and at 6 hours postinfusion were significantly higher than the values obtained via the SSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Mustafa Salman
- Pharmacy Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care & Research Centre, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Xiao Y, Li X, Fu X. A rapid and simple LC-MS/MS method for personalized busulfan dosing in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Clin Chim Acta 2018; 479:190-195. [PMID: 29341904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Busulfan is commonly used as a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There is a big inter-individual variability in busulfan exposure and the narrow therapeutic index, especially in pediatric population. Therefore, to achieve therapeutic efficacy and safety concurrently, personalized busulfan dosing, guided by pharmacokinetic study with serial plasma samples, is needed a few hours afterwards. METHODS A fast, sensitive, and accurate method for busulfan measurement was developed, validated, and implemented with liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The sample preparation procedure involves only protein precipitation and dilution, and the HPLC-MS/MS method takes 3 min/sample. The assay was linear from 10 ng/ml to 7500 ng/ml (R2 = 0.99). Recoveries were above 90%. The precision was determined at 3 levels (30, 300 and 4000 ng/ml): the intra-day variability (%CV) ranged from 1.4% to 2.5% (n = 20); the inter-day variability ranged from 2.2% to 5.5% (n = 20). The accuracy of the HPLC-MS/MS test was evaluated with an old HPLC-fluorescence method (n = 84), and a Correlation Coefficient (R) of 0.99 was observed. CONCLUSIONS The analytical performance of the assay allows for timely dose adjustment and has been implemented in clinical service for better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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Nagasawa M, Mitsuiki N, Aoki Y, Ono T, Isoda T, Imai K, Takagi M, Kajiwara M, Kanegane H, Morio T. Effect of reduced-intensity conditioning and the risk of late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications in pediatric patients. Eur J Haematol 2017; 99:525-531. [PMID: 28888028 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) contribute to higher morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Therefore, we investigated the risk factors of LONIPCs in pediatric patients. METHOD Between 2001 and 2011, 74 pediatric patients (range, 7 months to 22.7 years old; median 6.5 years old), including 29 with a primary immunodeficiency, underwent 80 allo-HSCTs at our institution. Sixty-seven patients who survived more than 3 months after allo-HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. The median follow-up period was 1 973 days (range, 126-5 145 days). RESULTS Nine patients (13.4%) developed LONIPCs between 90 and 3 578 days after allo-HSCT. A myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen and chronic GVHD were determined as significant risk factors of LONIPCs. None of 18 patients who received the reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen developed LONIPCs, although there was no difference in overall survival between the MAC and RIC regimen. Notably, two immunodeficient patients who received busulfan-based MAC regimen under 2 years old developed LONIPC with no history of chronic GVHD after 5 years and 10 years from SCT, respectively, suggesting the direct toxicity of busulfan. CONCLUSION Our study's findings indicate that the RIC regimen reduces the risk of LONIPCs in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nagasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ono
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Kajiwara
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation With Clofarabine and Busulfan Conditioning for a Child With Multiple Recurrent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:e39-41. [PMID: 26523380 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved over the years, but not for those with multiple recurrences because of high therapy resistance and heavily pretreated history that potentially cause physical damages. We describe the case of an 11-year-old boy with a third relapse of ALL and a history of 2 allogeneic bone marrow transplantations. He was successfully treated with clofarabine combination chemotherapy and achieved a fourth remission at 16 months following haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with conditioning regimen of clofarabine and busulfan. Clofarabine/busulfan conditioning might be a preferable option for children with multiple recurrent ALL, and warrants further investigation.
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Watanabe E, Nishikawa T, Ikawa K, Yamaguchi H, Abematsu T, Nakagawa S, Kurauchi K, Kodama Y, Tanabe T, Shinkoda Y, Matsumoto K, Okamoto Y, Takeda Y, Kawano Y. Trough level monitoring of intravenous busulfan to estimate the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:611-6. [PMID: 26243625 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing systemic busulfan exposure, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), improves the outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The AUC is conventionally calculated using six plasma concentrations (AUC(0-∞)) drawn after the first of 16 intravenous busulfan doses given as a 2-h infusion every 6 h. The aim of the present study was to develop limited sampling strategies using three or fewer busulfan concentrations to reliably calculate AUC(0-∞) in patients undergoing HSCT. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of busulfan 46 times in 29 pediatric patients receiving intravenous busulfan. Limited sampling strategies using one, two, or three plasma busulfan concentrations were developed by multiple linear regression that showed excellent agreement with AUC(0-∞). In single-point sampling strategies, the AUC(0-∞) predicted based on C(6) (trough level: busulfan plasma concentration 6 h after the start of the infusion) was significantly correlated with, and not statistically different from, actual values as follows: AUC(0-∞) = 2556.5 C6 + 320.9 (r(2) = 0.929, P < 0.0001, mean bias 0.282 %, precision 7.91 %). In contrast, the predicted AUCs derived from the other sampling single points did not meet the criteria. The trough level well correlated with actual AUC(0-∞), suggesting that this time-point is acceptable for busulfan monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Kazuro Ikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Takanari Abematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kurauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shinkoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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Targeted Busulfan therapy with a steady-state concentration of 600-700 ng/mL in patients with sickle cell disease receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:366-9. [PMID: 24317124 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Busulfan (BU) has a narrow therapeutic window and the average concentration of BU at steady state (Css) is critical for successful engraftment in children receiving BU as part of the preparative regimen for allogeneic transplants. Sixteen patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from HLA-identical siblings. The preparative regimen consisted of intravenous BU 0.8-1 mg/kg/dose for 16 doses, cytoxan (CY) of 50 mg/kg daily for four doses and equine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) 30 mg/kg daily for three doses. BU levels were adjusted to provide a total exposure Css of 600-700 ng/mL. The median age at the time of transplant was 6.2 years (range 1.2-19.3). Fourteen (87%) patients required adjustment of the BU dose to achieve a median Css of 652 ng/mL (range 607-700). All patients achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment without significant toxicity. Median donor engraftment at the last follow-up was 100% (range 80-100). None of the patients experienced sickle cell-related complications post transplant. With a median follow-up of 3 years (range 1.3-9), the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) are both 100%. We conclude that targeting of BU Css between 600 and 700 ng/mL in this regimen can result in excellent and sustained engraftment in young patients with SCD.
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