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Niedernhofer LJ, Gurkar AU, Wang Y, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Robbins PD. Nuclear Genomic Instability and Aging. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 87:295-322. [PMID: 29925262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear genome decays as organisms age. Numerous studies demonstrate that the burden of several classes of DNA lesions is greater in older mammals than in young mammals. More challenging is proving this is a cause rather than a consequence of aging. The DNA damage theory of aging, which argues that genomic instability plays a causal role in aging, has recently gained momentum. Support for this theory stems partly from progeroid syndromes in which inherited defects in DNA repair increase the burden of DNA damage leading to accelerated aging of one or more organs. Additionally, growing evidence shows that DNA damage accrual triggers cellular senescence and metabolic changes that promote a decline in tissue function and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. Here, we examine multiple lines of evidence correlating nuclear DNA damage with aging. We then consider how, mechanistically, nuclear genotoxic stress could promote aging. We conclude that the evidence, in toto, supports a role for DNA damage as a nidus of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Michael F. Price Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
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Lopez-Martinez D, Liang CC, Cohn MA. Cellular response to DNA interstrand crosslinks: the Fanconi anemia pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3097-114. [PMID: 27094386 PMCID: PMC4951507 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are a highly toxic form of DNA damage. ICLs can interfere with vital biological processes requiring separation of the two DNA strands, such as replication and transcription. If ICLs are left unrepaired, it can lead to mutations, chromosome breakage and mitotic catastrophe. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway can repair this type of DNA lesion, ensuring genomic stability. In this review, we will provide an overview of the cellular response to ICLs. First, we will discuss the origin of ICLs, comparing various endogenous and exogenous sources. Second, we will describe FA proteins as well as FA-related proteins involved in ICL repair, and the post-translational modifications that regulate these proteins. Finally, we will review the process of how ICLs are repaired by both replication-dependent and replication-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Martin A Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Sridharan V, Park H, Ryu H, Azuma Y. SUMOylation regulates polo-like kinase 1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:3269-76. [PMID: 25564610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c114.601906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic SUMOylation has an essential role in faithful chromosome segregation in eukaryotes, although its molecular consequences are not yet fully understood. In Xenopus egg extract assays, we showed that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is modified by SUMO2/3 at mitotic centromeres and that its enzymatic activity could be regulated by SUMOylation. To determine the molecular consequence of mitotic SUMOylation, we analyzed SUMOylated PARP1-specific binding proteins. We identified Polo-like kinase 1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) as an interaction partner of SUMOylated PARP1 in Xenopus egg extract. Interestingly, PICH also bound to SUMOylated topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα), a major centromeric small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) substrate. Purified recombinant human PICH interacted with SUMOylated substrates, indicating that PICH directly interacts with SUMO, and this interaction is conserved among species. Further analysis of mitotic chromosomes revealed that PICH localized to the centromere independent of mitotic SUMOylation. Additionally, we found that PICH is modified by SUMO2/3 on mitotic chromosomes and in vitro. PICH SUMOylation is highly dependent on protein inhibitor of activated STAT, PIASy, consistent with other mitotic chromosomal SUMO substrates. Finally, the SUMOylation of PICH significantly reduced its DNA binding capability, indicating that SUMOylation might regulate its DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel SUMO-mediated regulation of the function of PICH at mitotic centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinidhra Sridharan
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Hyewon Park
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Hyunju Ryu
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Yoshiaki Azuma
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Biebricher A, Hirano S, Enzlin JH, Wiechens N, Streicher WW, Huttner D, Wang LHC, Nigg EA, Owen-Hughes T, Liu Y, Peterman E, Wuite GJL, Hickson ID. PICH: a DNA translocase specially adapted for processing anaphase bridge DNA. Mol Cell 2013; 51:691-701. [PMID: 23973328 PMCID: PMC4161920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Plk1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) protein localizes to ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs) in mitosis alongside a complex of DNA repair proteins, including the Bloom's syndrome protein (BLM). However, very little is known about the function of PICH or how it is recruited to UFBs. Using a combination of microfluidics, fluorescence microscopy, and optical tweezers, we have defined the properties of PICH in an in vitro model of an anaphase bridge. We show that PICH binds with a remarkably high affinity to duplex DNA, resulting in ATP-dependent protein translocation and extension of the DNA. Most strikingly, the affinity of PICH for binding DNA increases with tension-induced DNA stretching, which mimics the effect of the mitotic spindle on a UFB. PICH binding also appears to diminish force-induced DNA melting. We propose a model in which PICH recognizes and stabilizes DNA under tension during anaphase, thereby facilitating the resolution of entangled sister chromatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Biebricher
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seiki Hirano
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, U. K
| | - Jacqueline H Enzlin
- Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute 18.1, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicola Wiechens
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Werner W Streicher
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Diana Huttner
- Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute 18.1, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lily H-C Wang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Tom Owen-Hughes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Ying Liu
- Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute 18.1, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Erwin Peterman
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- LaserLaB Amsterdam and Department of Physics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, U. K
- Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute 18.1, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Hovhannisyan G, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T. Chromosomal composition of micronuclei in human leukocytes exposed to mitomycin C. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:316-22. [PMID: 22260997 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412436587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) can be induced by different mutagenic substances. Even though this has been known for decades, it is still not clear which genetic content, especially which chromosomes, these MN are constituted of and if there are any influences on this content by the MN-inducing substance. Also, the interphase position, size, and gene density of a chromosome could influence its involvement in MN formation. To study some of these questions, fluorescence in situ hybridization using centromeric and whole-chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 16, 17, 18, and X was applied in mitomycin C (MMC)-induced MN in human leukocytes. The obtained results showed that material from all studied chromosomes was present in MN. Also, there was no correlation between interphase position, size, and gene density of the studied chromosomes and their migration in MN. Interestingly, material derived from chromosomes 9 and 16 was overrepresented in MMC-induced MN. Finally, further studies using substances other than MMC are necessary to clarify if the MN-inducing mutagen has an influence on the chromosomal content of the MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, State University, Biological Faculty, Yerevan, Armenia.
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