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Dixon KO, Lahore GF, Kuchroo VK. Beyond T cell exhaustion: TIM-3 regulation of myeloid cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadf2223. [PMID: 38457514 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) is an important immune checkpoint molecule initially identified as a marker of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since then, our understanding of its role in immune responses has significantly expanded. Here, we review emerging evidence demonstrating unexpected roles for TIM-3 as a key regulator of myeloid cell function, in addition to recent work establishing TIM-3 as a delineator of terminal T cell exhaustion, thereby positioning TIM-3 at the interface between fatigued immune responses and reinvigoration. We share our perspective on the antagonism between TIM-3 and T cell stemness, discussing both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms underlying this relationship. Looking forward, we discuss approaches to decipher the underlying mechanisms by which TIM-3 regulates stemness, which has remarkable potential for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen O Dixon
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Mestiri S, El-Ella DMA, Fernandes Q, Bedhiafi T, Almoghrabi S, Akbar S, Inchakalody V, Assami L, Anwar S, Uddin S, Gul ARZ, Al-Muftah M, Merhi M, Raza A, Dermime S. The dynamic role of immune checkpoint molecules in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of head and neck cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116095. [PMID: 38183744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer type, accounting for approximately 277,597 deaths worldwide. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a treatment regimen for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Studies have reported the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors as targeted therapeutic regimens that unleash the immune response against HNSCC tumors. However, the overall response rates to immunotherapy vary between 14-32% in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, with clinical response and treatment success being unpredictable. Keeping this perspective in mind, it is imperative to understand the role of T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells in modulating the immune response to immunotherapy. In lieu of this, these immune molecules could serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers to facilitate longitudinal monitoring and understanding of treatment dynamics. These immune biomarkers could pave the path for personalized monitoring and management of HNSCC. In this review, we aim to provide updated immunological insight on the mechanism of action, expression, and the clinical application of immune cells' stimulatory and inhibitory molecules as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in HNC. The review is focused mainly on CD27 and CD137 (members of the TNF-receptor superfamily), natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4 or OX40), S100 proteins, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). It also highlights the importance of T, natural killer, and antigen-presenting cells as robust biomarker tools for understanding immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment dynamics. Though a comprehensive review, all aspects of the immune molecules could not be covered as they were beyond the scope of the review; Further review articles can cover other aspects to bridge the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Moustafa Abo El-Ella
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salam Almoghrabi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shayista Akbar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Assami
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaheena Anwar
- Department of Biosciences, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Al-Muftah
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Murphy LA, Winters AC. Emerging and Future Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Targeting the Leukemia Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3248. [PMID: 38137469 PMCID: PMC10741170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia in the pediatric and adolescent population but causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in this age group. Standard chemotherapeutic regimens for AML have changed very little in the past 3-4 decades, but the addition of targeted agents in recent years has led to improved survival in select subsets of patients as well as a better biological understanding of the disease. Currently, one key paradigm of bench-to-bedside practice in the context of adult AML is the focus on leukemia stem cell (LSC)-targeted therapies. Here, we review current and emerging immunotherapies and other targeted agents that are in clinical use for pediatric AML through the lens of what is known (and not known) about their LSC-targeting capability. Based on a growing understanding of pediatric LSC biology, we also briefly discuss potential future agents on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Amanda C. Winters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Cao C, Wang T, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Dai YY, Shen Y. Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-associated LncRNAs predictive value and related CeRNA network in acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22532. [PMID: 38058427 PMCID: PMC10696213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a high recurrence and mortality rate. Cuproptosis is involved in cell death regulation in in a variety of solid tumors. Long non-coding RNAs that regulate cuproptosis genes in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia have yet to be explored. Methods First, cuproptosis genes with distinct expression levels were discovered by contrasting AML with normal samples from the TCGA and GTEx cohorts. Pearson correlation and univariate Cox-regression analysis were performed to identify cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs with significant prognostic values. Then the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was utilized to establish a multi-gene signature to predict AML prognosis. Next, Kaplan-Meier estimator, receiver operating characteristic curve, and a nomogram were performed to evaluate the predictive capacity of the risk signature. Functional enrichment analyses were employed to assess their function. Moreover, qRT-PCR testing of lncRNA expression in AML samples was conducted. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to find the target genes. Results A risk model based on the signature of three cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs was developed. The results showed that the model possessed excellent prognostic potential. The nomogram raised the accuracy in predicting AML survival. In addition, functional enrichment analyses demonstrated an enrichment of inflammatory and immune-related pathways. Moreover, correlations between the risk signature and clinicopathological variables, tumor mutational burden, RNA stemness score, immune profile, and drug sensitivity were observed. Furthermore, we discovered that TRAF3IP2-AS1 may function as a ceRNA to regulate cuproptosis and ferroptosis gene expression. Conclusion The risk signature established in this study could serve as a reliable biosignature for AML prognosis. And the findings presented here may facilitate research on cuproptosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue-yu Dai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Park MN. The Therapeutic Potential of a Strategy to Prevent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Reprogramming in Older Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12037. [PMID: 37569414 PMCID: PMC10418941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and incurable leukemia subtype. Despite extensive research into the disease's intricate molecular mechanisms, effective treatments or expanded diagnostic or prognostic markers for AML have not yet been identified. The morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, biomolecular, and clinical characteristics of AML patients are extensive and complex. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) consist of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and cancer cells transformed by a complex, finely-tuned interaction that causes the complexity of AML. Microenvironmental regulation of LSCs dormancy and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications for identifying and targeting LSCs due to their significance in the pathogenesis of AML are discussed in this review. It is essential to perceive the relationship between the niche for LSCs and HSCs, which together cause the progression of AML. Notably, methylation is a well-known epigenetic change that is significant in AML, and our data also reveal that microRNAs are a unique factor for LSCs. Multiple-targeted approaches to reduce the risk of epigenetic factors, such as the administration of natural compounds for the elimination of local LSCs, may prevent potentially fatal relapses. Furthermore, the survival analysis of overlapping genes revealed that specific targets had significant effects on the survival and prognosis of patients. We predict that the multiple-targeted effects of herbal products on epigenetic modification are governed by different mechanisms in AML and could prevent potentially fatal relapses. Thus, these strategies can facilitate the incorporation of herbal medicine and natural compounds into the advanced drug discovery and development processes achievable with Network Pharmacology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wu B, Shi X, Jiang M, Liu H. Cross-talk between cancer stem cells and immune cells: potential therapeutic targets in the tumor immune microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 36810098 PMCID: PMC9942413 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor progression, recurrence and chemoresistance due to their typical stemness characteristics. CSCs are preferentially distributed in niches, and those niche sites exhibit characteristics typical of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complex interactions between CSCs and TME illustrate these synergistic effects. The phenotypic heterogeneity within CSCs and the spatial interactions with the surrounding tumor microenvironment led to increased therapeutic challenges. CSCs interact with immune cells to protect themselves against immune clearance by exploiting the immunosuppressive function of multiple immune checkpoint molecules. CSCs also can protect themselves against immune surveillance by excreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), growth factors, metabolites and cytokines into the TME, thereby modulating the composition of the TME. Therefore, these interactions are also being considered for the therapeutic development of anti-tumor agents. We discuss here the immune molecular mechanisms of CSCs and comprehensively review the interplay between CSCs and the immune system. Thus, studies on this topic seem to provide novel ideas for reinvigorating therapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- grid.459742.90000 0004 1798 5889Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 China
| | - Xiang Shi
- grid.459742.90000 0004 1798 5889Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032 China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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7
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Morozova EV, Tsvetkov NY, Barabanshchikova MV, Yurovskaya KS, Moiseev IS. New perspectives in the treatment of patients with intermediate-2 and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-4-106-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Morozova
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - N. Yu. Tsvetkov
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. V. Barabanshchikova
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - K. S. Yurovskaya
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - I. S. Moiseev
- Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
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8
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Bhattacharjee R, Ghosh S, Nath A, Basu A, Biswas O, Patil CR, Kundu CN. Theragnostic strategies harnessing the self-renewal pathways of stem-like cells in the acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 177:103753. [PMID: 35803452 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous and aggressive cancer of the Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor cells. It is distinguished by the uncontrollable clonal growth of malignant myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow, venous blood, and other body tissues. AML is the most predominant of leukemias occurring in adults (25%) and children (15-20%). The relapse after chemotherapy is a major concern in the treatment of AML. The overall 5-year survival rate in young AML patients is about 40-45% whereas in the elderly patients it is less than 10%. Leukemia stem-like cells (LSCs) having the ability to self-renew indefinitely, repopulate and persist longer in the G0/G1 phase play a crucial role in the AML relapse and refractoriness to chemotherapy. Hence, novel treatment strategies and diagnostic biomarkers targeting LSCs are being increasingly investigated. Through this review, we have explored the signaling modulations in the LSCs as the theragnostic targets. The significance of the self-renewal pathways in overcoming the treatment challenges in AML has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sharad Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asmita Basu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ojaswi Biswas
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chandragauda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, DIPSAR, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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9
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Kuželová K, Brodská B, Marková J, Petráčková M, Schetelig J, Ransdorfová Š, Gašová Z, Šálek C. NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations are associated with distinct blast immunophenotype in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2073050. [PMID: 35558161 PMCID: PMC9090295 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2073050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is important for elimination of residual leukemic cells during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Anti-leukemia immune response can be inhibited by various mechanisms leading to immune evasion and disease relapse. Selected markers of immune escape were analyzed on AML cells from leukapheresis at diagnosis (N = 53). Hierarchical clustering of AML immunophenotypes yielded distinct genetic clusters. In the absence of DNMT3A mutation, NPM1 mutation was associated with decreased HLA expression and low levels of other markers (CLIP, PD-L1, TIM-3). Analysis of an independent cohort confirmed decreased levels of HLA transcripts in patients with NPM1 mutation. Samples with combined NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations had high CLIP surface amount suggesting reduced antigen presentation. TIM-3 transcript correlated not only with TIM-3 surface protein but also with CLIP and PD-L1. In our cohort, high levels of TIM-3/PD-L1/CLIP were associated with lower survival. Our results suggest that AML genotype is related to blast immunophenotype, and that high TIM-3 transcript levels in AML blasts could be a marker of immune escape. Cellular pathways regulating resistance to the immune system might contribute to the predicted response to standard therapy of patients in specific AML subgroups and should be targeted to improve AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,CONTACT Kateřina Kuželová Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Marková
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Petráčková
- Department of Gene Immunotherapy Research, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic I, Division Hematology, Cell Therapy, and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Šárka Ransdorfová
- Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Gašová
- Department of Apheresis, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Šálek
- Clinical Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Checkpoints and Immunity in Cancers: Role of GNG12. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Wang SSY. Relationship between leukaemic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells and their clinical application. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1524-1533. [PMID: 35067128 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The world is aging and with it an associated increase in malignancies. Haematological malignancies especially Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are no exception to this trend. With scientific advances, development of new AML treatments has improved patient mortality. One future research interest would be Leukeamic Stem Cells (LSC). This review aims to briefly highlight main LSC characteristics and their relationship with hematopoietic stem cells. Key LSC characteristics include dysregulated apoptosis, capacity for self-renewal, genomic instability, dysregulated energetics, immune privilege and an altered tumor microenvironment. Similar characteristics are also found in HSCs though in a regulated form. Classifying these characteristics will aid in the development of clinical biomarkers for LSC which is a potential clinical application of LSC biology. LSC biomarkers might prove to be critical in future AML management through improving accuracy of AML diagnosis, providing targeted treatment to minimize side effects, refinement of prognosis and relapse risk for earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Y Wang
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Chajuwan T, Kansuwan P, Kobbuaklee S, Chanswangphuwana C. Characteristics and clinical correlation of TIM-3 and PD-1/PD-L1 expressions in leukemic cells and tumor microenvironment in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:450-456. [PMID: 34585994 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1984454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dual targeting of TIM-3 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways is currently under investigation for cancer immunotherapy. The interaction of these immune checkpoints remains unclear in the leukemic microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We performed an immunophenotypic study of bone marrow in 37 newly diagnosed AML patients. High levels of TIM-3 expression on AML blasts were correlated with first 7 + 3 induction failure (CR 16.2% vs. non-CR 36.4%, p = .038). In contrast, high TIM-3 levels on natural killer (NK) cells were associated with complete remission (CR) status after induction (CR 24.7% vs. non-CR 6.5%, p = .035). Few PD-L1 positive AML blasts and PD-1 or PD-L1 positive NK cells were observed. Although the exhausted PD-1 expressing T cells were detected in 28.3% of T cells, the double positive of PD-1 and TIM-3 T cells were rarely detected. In summary, the TIM-3 levels on AML blasts and NK cells are potentially the prognostic biomarkers in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunyamon Chajuwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patsita Kansuwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirorat Kobbuaklee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantiya Chanswangphuwana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Schlichtner S, Meyer NH, Yasinska IM, Aliu N, Berger SM, Gibbs BF, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. Functional role of galectin-9 in directing human innate immune reactions to Gram-negative bacteria and T cell apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108155. [PMID: 34543981 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family of proteins, which were first identified to specifically bind to carbohydrates containing β-galactosides. Galectin-9 is conserved through evolution and recent evidence demonstrated its involvement in innate immune reactions to bacterial infections as well as the suppression of cytotoxic immune responses of T and natural killer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such differential immunological functions of galectin-9 remain largely unknown. In this work we confirmed that soluble galectin-9 derived from macrophages binds to Gram-negative bacteria by interacting with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which forms their cell wall. This opsonisation effect most likely interferes with the mobility of bacteria leading to their phagocytosis by innate immune cells. Galectin-9-dependent opsonisation also promotes the innate immune reactions of macrophages to these bacteria and significantly enhances the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines - interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In contrast, galectin-9 did not bind peptidoglycan (PGN), which forms the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, galectin-9 associated with cellular surfaces (studied in primary human embryonic cells) was not involved in the interaction with bacteria or bacterial colonisation. However, galectin-9 expressed on the surface of primary human embryonic cells, as well as soluble forms of galectin-9, were able to target T lymphocytes and caused apoptosis in T cells expressing granzyme B. Furthermore, "opsonisation" of T cells by galectin-9 led to the translocation of phosphatidylserine onto the cell surface and subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages through Tim-3, the receptor, which recognises both galectin-9 and phosphatidylserine as ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - N Helge Meyer
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Inna M Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Nijas Aliu
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
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14
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Wang J, Yang L, Dao FT, Wang YZ, Chang Y, Xu N, Chen WM, Jiang Q, Jiang H, Liu YR, Qin YZ. Prognostic significance of TIM-3 expression pattern at diagnosis in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:152-161. [PMID: 34405769 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1966785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) is a heterogeneous disease and needs to be stratified. Both, cancer cells and immune cells participate in tumor initiation, growth and progression and might affect clinical outcomes. TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3), an immune checkpoint molecule, is expressed not only on immune cells but also on leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in AML. This prompted us to investigate the prognostic significance of TIM-3 in t(8;21) AML. A total of 47 t(8;21) AML patients were tested for TIM-3 expression by multi-parameter flow cytometry at diagnosis. 35 of these, who received chemotherapy alone or along with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were followed up. The expression pattern of TIM-3 on T-cells and NK (natural killer) cells as a whole (T + NK) and LSCs were evaluated independently. High percentage of T + NK - TIM-3+ and CD34+CD38-TIM-3+ cells were significantly associated with a high 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (p = 0.028, 0.016). Further, concurrent high frequencies of T + NK-TIM-3+ and CD34+CD38-TIM-3+ cells at diagnosis were significantly associated with a high 2-year CIR (p < 0.0001) and this together with c-KIT D816 mutation were the independent adverse prognostic factors for relapse (hazard ratio (HR)=2.5, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-6.0], p = 0.04; HR = 46.5, [95% CI, 2.7-811.5], p = 0.009). In conclusion, the expression pattern of TIM-3 on both T and NK cells and LSCs at diagnosis had prognostic significance in t (8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ting Dao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zhe Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Min Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
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15
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Kikushige Y. TIM-3 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis: Structure, function, and signaling pathways. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3419-3426. [PMID: 34159709 PMCID: PMC8409405 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is hierarchically organized by self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). LSCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by acquiring multistep leukemogenic events. To specifically eradicate LSCs, while keeping normal HSCs intact, the discrimination of LSCs from HSCs is important. We have identified T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) as an LSC-specific surface molecule in human myeloid malignancies and demonstrated its essential function in maintaining the self-renewal ability of LSCs. TIM-3 has been intensively investigated as a "coinhibitory" or "immune checkpoint" molecule of T cells. However, little is known about its distinct function in T cells and myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss the structure of TIM-3 and its function in normal blood cells and LSCs, emphasizing the specific signaling pathways involved, as well as the therapeutic applications of TIM-3 molecules in human myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Kamal AM, Nabih NA, Elleboudy NS, Radwan SM. Expression of immune check point gene TIM-3 in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia: Significance and impact on outcome. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:325. [PMID: 33692857 PMCID: PMC7933755 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the therapeutic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis of patients remains poor. Immune check point inhibitors have been investigated in hematological malignancies, including AML; however, the role of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) in AML has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate TIM-3 gene expression in patients with AML and determine its associations with prognostic variables and clinical outcome. A total of 60 patients newly diagnosed with AML and 15 healthy matching individuals were recruited in the present study, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect TIM-3 expression. The results demonstrated that TIM-3 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with AML compared with that in healthy individuals (P<0.001). In addition, patients with extramedullary disease (EMD) exhibited significantly lower median TIM-3 expression levels compared with those without EMD (P=0.001). Furthermore, patients with high TIM-3 expression had significantly lower complete remission rates following induction chemotherapy compared with those with low TIM-3 expression (P=0.004). High TIM-3 expression was significantly associated with lower overall survival rates during the 1-year follow-up (P=0.001). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that TIM-3 may act as a biomarker of a poor prognosis in patients with AML, and be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. Nabih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Nooran S. Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara M. Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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17
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Mohamed MMI, Aref S, Agdar MA, Mabed M, El-Sokkary AMA. Leukemic Stem Cell (CD34 +/CD38 -/TIM3 +) Frequency in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Implications. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:508-513. [PMID: 33931379 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to address the prognostic relevance of CD34+/CD38-/TIM3+ leukemic stem cell (LSC) frequency in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its impact on patient outcome. We analyzed the expression of LSC markers (CD34+/CD38-/TIM3+) using flow cytometry in bone marrow samples of 53 AML cases before and after induction chemotherapy. The LSC frequency at diagnosis was significantly higher compared with that postinduction (P < .001). Patients were categorized into high LSC expressers (≥ median) and low expressers (< median). Patients with AML with high number of LSCs at diagnosis had significantly lower induction of remission response (P = .0104), shorter disease-free survival, and shorter overall survival (P < .001 for both) compared with those with lower LSC count. Cox regression analysis revealed that LSC frequency at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor in AML. Assessment of LSCs (CD34+/CD38-/TIM3+) at diagnosis is recommended for refining of AML risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M I Mohamed
- Biochemistry Section, Oncology Center Laboratories, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salah Aref
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Al Agdar
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mabed
- Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M A El-Sokkary
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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18
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Rodrigues ACBDC, Costa RGA, Silva SLR, Dias IRSB, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Cell signaling pathways as molecular targets to eliminate AML stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103277. [PMID: 33716201 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the most lethal of leukemias and a small population of cells called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) has been associated with disease relapses. Some cell signaling pathways play an important role in AML survival, proliferation and self-renewal properties and are abnormally activated or suppressed in LSCs. This includes the NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, EGFR, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF/SMAD and PPAR pathways. This review aimed to discuss these pathways as molecular targets for eliminating AML LSCs. Herein, inhibitors/activators of these pathways were summarized as a potential new anti-AML therapy capable of eliminating LSCs to guide future researches. The clinical use of cell signaling pathways data can be useful to enhance the anti-AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela G A Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Suellen L R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ingrid R S B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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19
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Zeidan AM, Komrokji RS, Brunner AM. TIM-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:523-534. [PMID: 33334180 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1865814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunction of the immune system is a hallmark of cancer. Through increased understanding of the complex interactions between immunity and cancer, immunotherapy has emerged as a treatment modality for different types of cancer. Promising activity with immunotherapy has been reported in numerous malignancies, but challenges such as limited response rates and treatment resistance remain. Furthermore, outcomes with this therapeutic approach in hematologic malignancies are even more limited than in solid tumors. T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) has emerged as a potential immune checkpoint target in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. TIM-3 has been shown to promote immune tolerance, and overexpression of TIM-3 is associated with more aggressive or advanced disease and poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED This review examines what is currently known regarding the biology of TIM-3 and clinical implications of targeting TIM-3 in cancer. Particular focus is given to myeloid malignancies. EXPERT OPINION The targeting of TIM-3 is a promising therapeutic approach in cancers, including hematologic cancers such as myeloid malignancies which have not benefited much from current immunotherapeutic treatment approaches. We anticipate that with further clinical evaluation, TIM-3 blockade will emerge as an important treatment strategy in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rami S Komrokji
- Malignant Hematology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew M Brunner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia: A focus on immune checkpoint pathways. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103164. [PMID: 33271388 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance mechanisms comprising of adaptive and innate immune systems are naturally designed to eliminate AML development. However, leukemic cells apply various immune evasion mechanisms to deviate host immune responses resulting tumor progression. One of the recently well-known immune escape mechanisms is over-expression of immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands. Introduction of blocking antibodies targeting co-inhibitory molecules achieved invaluable success in tumor targeted therapy. Moreover, several new co-inhibitory pathways are currently studying for their potential impacts on improving anti-tumor immune responses. Although immunotherapeutic strategies based on the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules have shown promising results in a number of hematological malignances, their effectiveness in AML patients showed less remarkable success. This review discusses current knowledge about the involvement of co-inhibitory signaling pathways in immune evasion mechanisms of AML and potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for targeted immunotherapy of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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21
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Khosravi N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Shahgoli VK, Hemmat N, Safarzadeh E, Baradaran B. Immune checkpoints in tumor microenvironment and their relevance to the development of cancer stem cells. Life Sci 2020; 256:118005. [PMID: 32593711 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world after cardiovascular disease. Various studies attribute the emergence of therapeutic resistance in tumors to the presence of cancer stem cells or cancer-initiating cells (CSC/CIC). These relatively rare cells because of their typical stemness features, are responsible for tumor cell progression and recurrence. Moreover, CSCs have immunomodulatory capabilities and through orchestrating, some immunological profiles can stay safe from host anticancer immunity, and provide immunotherapy resistance in cancer patients. Many studies have shown that CSCs by producing immune system inhibitory factors and interacting with immune checkpoint molecules like CD47, PDL-1, CTLA4, Tim3, and LAG3, are able to communicate with tumor microenvironment (TME) components and protect cancer cells from immune clearance. In this review, we summarize the CSCs immunological mechanisms and comprehensively discuss interactions between these cells and factors that are present in the TME to repress immune system responses and enhance tumor survival. Therefore, it seems that further studies on this topic will open new doors to improve the therapeutic approaches of malignant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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van Loo PF, Hangalapura BN, Thordardottir S, Gibbins JD, Veninga H, Hendriks LJA, Kramer A, Roovers RC, Leenders M, de Kruif J, Doornbos RP, Sirulnik A, Throsby M, Logtenberg T, Dolstra H, Bakker ABH. MCLA-117, a CLEC12AxCD3 bispecific antibody targeting a leukaemic stem cell antigen, induces T cell-mediated AML blast lysis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 19:721-733. [PMID: 31286786 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1623200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We report the characterization of MCLA-117, a novel T cell-redirecting antibody for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment targeting CD3 on T cells and CLEC12A on leukaemic cells. In AML, CLEC12A is expressed on blasts and leukaemic stem cells. Methods: The functional capacity of MCLA-117 to redirect resting T cells to eradicate CLEC12APOS tumor cells was studied using human samples, including primary AML samples. Results: Within the normal hematopoietic compartment, MCLA-117 binds to cells expressing CD3 and CLEC12A but not to early myeloid progenitors or hematopoietic stem cells. MCLA-117 induces T cell activation (EC50 = 44 ng/mL), T cell proliferation, mild pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and redirects T cells to lyse CLEC12APOS target cells (EC50 = 68 ng/mL). MCLA-117-induced targeting of normal CD34POS cells co-cultured with T cells spares erythrocyte and megakaryocyte differentiation as well as preserves mono-myelocytic lineage development. In primary AML patient samples with autologous T cells, MCLA-117 robustly induced AML blast killing (23-98%) at low effector-to-target ratios (1:3-1:97). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that MCLA-117 efficiently redirects T cells to kill tumour cells while sparing the potential of the bone marrow to develop the full hematological compartment and support further clinical evaluation as a potentially potent treatment option for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basav N Hangalapura
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - John D Gibbins
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Marij Leenders
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harry Dolstra
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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23
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Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a member of the TIM family, was originally identified as a receptor expressed on interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Initial data indicated that TIM3 functioned as a 'co-inhibitory' or 'checkpoint' receptor, but due to the lack of a definable inhibitory signalling motif, it was also suggested that TIM3 might act as a co-stimulatory receptor. Recent studies have shown that TIM3 is part of a module that contains multiple co-inhibitory receptors (checkpoint receptors), which are co-expressed and co-regulated on dysfunctional or 'exhausted' T cells in chronic viral infections and cancer. Furthermore, co-blockade of TIM3 and programmed cell death 1 (PD1) can result in tumour regression in preclinical models and can improve anticancer T cell responses in patients with advanced cancers. Here, we highlight the developments in understanding TIM3 biology, including novel ligand identification and the discovery of loss-of-function mutations associated with human disease. In addition, we summarize emerging data from human clinical trials showing that TIM3 indeed acts as a 'checkpoint' receptor and that inhibition of TIM3 enhances the antitumour effect of PD1 blockade.
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24
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Hojati Z, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Ameri M, Alimohammadi-Jelodar SF, Dehbashi M, Mohammad Ganji M, Homayouni V, Khanahmad H. Evaluation of Silencing Effect of miR-133a-5p Mimic on TIM-3 Expression in AML (HL-60) Cell Line. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 35:359-366. [PMID: 32647415 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a complex blood malignancy leading to immature leukemic stem cells (LSCs) proliferation. T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is known as a biomarker of AML LSCs. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) can affect gene expression in AML. In this study, the silencing effect of miR-133a-5p on TIM-3 expression in AML cell lineage (HL-60) was investigated. It's been hypothesized that miR-133a-5p may suppress the TIM-3 expression in AML cell line. Initially, miRNA-TIM-3 prediction, enrichment, and network analysis were done. Then, miR-133a-5p mimic was transfected into HL-60 cells. The TIM-3 protein and gene expression were measured by flow cytometry analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. MTT assay was also carried out. Based on the Bioinformatics predictions, miR-133a-5p was able to silence TIM-3 expression. Also, significant pathways pertained to miR-133a-5p were obtained using enrichment analysis. According to this, miR-133a-5p was mainly engaged in the MAPK signaling pathway and Nicotine addiction pathway using the KEGG database. The TIM-3 protein expression of the transfected cells was measured as 17.15 ± 8.87% (p = 0.001). A 52.48% significant gene silencing in mRNA level was obtained in comparison to the negative control. Despite of down regulation of TIM-3, HL-60 cell viability has not been significantly changed. It has been finally confirmed that miR-133a-5p could strongly suppress TIM-3 expression in AML cell line. Presumably, down regulation of TIM-3 could affect MAPK and Nicotine addiction signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Ameri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | | | - Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammad Ganji
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Homayouni
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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He Y, Cao J, Zhao C, Li X, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. TIM-3, a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7005-7009. [PMID: 30410357 PMCID: PMC6198883 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with malignant tumor treated with immunotherapy have received significant clinical benefits over the years. Immune checkpoint blocking agents, such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (anti-CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibodies, have produced impressive clinical results in different types of cancer. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), another immune checkpoint, could inhibit cancer immunity. Recent studies have highlighted that TIM-3 has an important role to play in T-cell exhaustion and correlates with the outcome of anti-PD-1 therapy. Targeting TIM-3 might be a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the role of TIM-3 in cancer and clinical trials with TIM-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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26
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Przespolewski A, Szeles A, Wang ES. Advances in immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of the host immune system is a key mechanism to promote malignant progression. Therapeutically targeting immune pathways has radically changed the treatment paradigm for solid and lymphoid tumors but has yet to be approved for myeloid malignancies. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Topics reviewed here include adoptive cellular approaches (chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, natural killer and other immune cells), checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4 and TIM-3) and vaccines (WT-1, HLA-A2 and hTERT). Emphasis is placed on agents with clear evidence of tumor-specific immune responses and/or clinical activity in early-phase trials. Despite concerns regarding heterogeneous antigen expression and cytokine release syndrome, immunotherapy remains a highly promising strategy for acute myeloid leukemia, particularly transplant-ineligible patients and minimal residual disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Przespolewski
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andras Szeles
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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27
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Darwish NHE, Sudha T, Godugu K, Elbaz O, Abdelghaffar HA, Hassan EEA, Mousa SA. Acute myeloid leukemia stem cell markers in prognosis and targeted therapy: potential impact of BMI-1, TIM-3 and CLL-1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57811-57820. [PMID: 27506934 PMCID: PMC5295391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients show high relapse rates and some develop conventional chemotherapy resistance. Leukemia Stem Cells (LSCs) are the main player for AML relapses and drug resistance. LSCs might rely on the B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (BMI-1) in promoting cellular proliferation and survival. Growth of LSCs in microenvironments that are deprived of nutrients leads to up-regulation of the signaling pathways during the progression of the disease, which may illustrate the sensitivity of LSCs to inhibitors of those signaling pathways as compared to normal cells. We analyzed the expression of LSC markers (CD34, CLL-1, TIM-3 and BMI-1) using quantitative RT-PCR in bone marrow samples of 40 AML patients of different FAB types (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M7). We also studied the expression of these markers in 2 AML cell lines (Kasumi-1 and KG-1a) using flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. The overexpression of TIM-3, CLL-1, and BMI-1 was markedly correlated with poor prognosis in these patients. Our in vitro findings demonstrate that targeting BMI-1, which markedly increased in the leukemic cells, was associated with marked decrease in leukemic burden. This study also presents results for blocking LSCs' surface markers CD44, CLL-1, and TIM-3. These markers may play an important role in elimination of AML. Our study indicates a correlation between the expression of markers TIM-3, CLL-1, and especially of BMI-1 and the aggressiveness of AML and thus the potential impact of prognosis and therapies that target LSCs on improving the cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldien H E Darwish
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Osama Elbaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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28
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Ding Y, Gao H, Zhang Q. The biomarkers of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:19. [PMID: 28447034 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by morphology and chromosome aberrations with high mortality. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in AML played important roles in leukemia initiation, progression, and were considered to be the root of chemotherapeutic drug resistance and disease relapse. The identification and targeting LSCs depended on membrane markers like CD34, CD38, CD123, TIM3, CD25, CD32 and CD96. In addition, the transcription factors were also therapeutic targets in eradicating LSCs, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), NF-κB, HIF-1α and β-catenin. Besides membrane markers and transcription factors, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), telomerase and microRNAs were identified to be new targets for ablating LSCs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Huier Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
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29
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Xu LJ, Xu JG, Li XL, Liu B, Yao Y, Liu H, Wang RX, Zhu MQ, Shen WW, Chen SN, Wu XJ, Wu DP. [Expression of Tim-3 in acute leukemia cells and its clinical significance]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 37:517-9. [PMID: 27431079 PMCID: PMC7348337 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Gonçalves Silva I, Gibbs BF, Bardelli M, Varani L, Sumbayev VV. Differential expression and biochemical activity of the immune receptor Tim-3 in healthy and malignant human myeloid cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33823-33. [PMID: 26413815 PMCID: PMC4741805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a plasma membrane-associated receptor which is involved in a variety of biological responses in human immune cells. It is highly expressed in most acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and therefore may serve as a possible target for AML therapy. However, its biochemical activities in primary human AML cells remain unclear. We therefore analysed the total expression and surface presence of the Tim-3 receptor in primary human AML blasts and healthy primary human leukocytes isolated from human blood. We found that Tim-3 expression was significantly higher in primary AML cells compared to primary healthy leukocytes. Tim-3 receptor molecules were distributed largely on the surface of primary AML cells, whereas in healthy leukocytes Tim-3 protein was mainly expressed intracellularly. In primary human AML blasts, both Tim-3 agonistic antibody and galectin-9 (a Tim-3 natural ligand) significantly upregulated mTOR pathway activity. This was in line with increased accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and secretion of VEGF and TNF-α. Similar results were obtained in primary human healthy leukocytes. Importantly, in both types of primary cells, Tim-3-mediated effects were compared with those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and stem cell factor (SCF). Tim-3 induced comparatively moderate responses in both AML cells and healthy leukocytes. However, Tim-3, like LPS, mediated the release of both TNF-α and VEGF, while SCF induced mostly VEGF secretion and did not upregulate TNF-α release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana (USI) 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana (USI) 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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31
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Yurino A, Takenaka K, Yamauchi T, Nunomura T, Uehara Y, Jinnouchi F, Miyawaki K, Kikushige Y, Kato K, Miyamoto T, Iwasaki H, Kunisaki Y, Akashi K. Enhanced Reconstitution of Human Erythropoiesis and Thrombopoiesis in an Immunodeficient Mouse Model with Kit(Wv) Mutations. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:425-438. [PMID: 27499200 PMCID: PMC5031955 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In human-to-mouse xenograft models, reconstitution of human hematopoiesis is usually B-lymphoid dominant. Here we show that the introduction of homozygous Kit(Wv) mutations into C57BL/6.Rag2(null)Il2rg(null) mice with NOD-Sirpa (BRGS) strongly promoted human multi-lineage reconstitution. After xenotransplantation of human CD34(+)CD38(-) cord blood cells, these newly generated C57BL/6.Rag2(null)Il2rg(null)NOD-Sirpa Kit(Wv/Wv) (BRGSK(Wv/Wv)) mice showed significantly higher levels of human cell chimerism and long-term multi-lineage reconstitution compared with BRGS mice. Strikingly, this mouse displayed a robust reconstitution of human erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis with terminal maturation in the bone marrow. Furthermore, depletion of host macrophages by clodronate administration resulted in the presence of human erythrocytes and platelets in the circulation. Thus, attenuation of mouse KIT signaling greatly enhances the multi-lineage differentiation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mouse bone marrow, presumably by outcompeting mouse HSPCs to occupy suitable microenvironments. The BRGSK(Wv/Wv) mouse model is a useful tool to study human multi-lineage hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yurino
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Nunomura
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Uehara
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Jinnouchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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32
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Gonçalves Silva I, Rüegg L, Gibbs BF, Bardelli M, Fruehwirth A, Varani L, Berger SM, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. The immune receptor Tim-3 acts as a trafficker in a Tim-3/galectin-9 autocrine loop in human myeloid leukemia cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1195535. [PMID: 27622049 PMCID: PMC5006895 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1195535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune receptor Tim-3 is often highly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells where it acts as a growth factor and inflammatory receptor. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Tim-3 forms an autocrine loop with its natural ligand galectin-9 in human AML cells. However, the pathophysiological functions of Tim-3 in human AML cells remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time that Tim-3 is required for galectin-9 secretion in human AML cells. However, this effect is cell-type specific and was found so far to be applicable only to myeloid (and not, for example, lymphoid) leukemia cells. We concluded that AML cells might use Tim-3 as a trafficker for the secretion of galectin-9 which can then be possibly used to impair the anticancer activities of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rüegg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fruehwirth
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Both Tim-3 and Tim-4 belong to the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) gene family, which plays a critical role in immunoregulation. Tim-3 has been suggested as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity due to its function on inducing T cells exhaustion in cancer. In addition to its expression on exhausted T cells, Tim-3 also has been reported to up-regulate on nature killer (NK) cells and promote NK cells functionally exhausted in cancer. While Tim-3 selectively expression on most types of leukemia stem cells, it promotes the progression of acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, data from experimental models of tumor discovered that Tim-3 and Tim-4 up-regulation on tumor associated dendritic cells and macrophages attenuated the anti-tumor effects of cancer vaccines and chemotherapy. Moreover, co-blockage of Tim-3 and PD-1, Tim-3 and CD137, Tim-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) could enhance cell-mediated immunity in advanced tumor, and combined treatment with anti-Tim-3 and anti-Tim-4 mAbs further increase the efficacy of cancer vaccines. The therapeutic manipulation of TIM-3 and TIM-4 may provide a novel strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- a Institute of Burn Research; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
| | - Zhihua Ruan
- b Department of Oncology; Southwest Hospital ; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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Wang N, Guo D, Zhao YY, Dong CY, Liu XY, Yang BX, Wang SW, Wang L, Liu QG, Ren Q, Lin YM, Ma XT. TWIST-1 promotes cell growth, drug resistance and progenitor clonogenic capacities in myeloid leukemia and is a novel poor prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20977-92. [PMID: 26023795 PMCID: PMC4673244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of TWIST-1 expression are often seen in solid tumors and contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, studies concerning its pathogenic role in leukemia are scarce. Our study shows that TWIST-1 is overexpressed in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that TWIST-1 promotes cell growth, colony formation and drug resistance of AML and CML cell lines. Furthermore, TWIST-1 is aberrantly highly expressed in CD34+CD38− leukemia stem cell candidates and its expression declines with differentiation. Down-modulation of TWIST-1 in myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells impairs their colony-forming capacity. Mechanistically, c-MPL, which is highly expressed in myeloid leukemia cells and associated with poor prognosis, is identified as a TWIST-1 coexpressed gene in myeloid leukemia patients and partially contributes to TWIST-1-mediated leukemogenic effects. Moreover, patients with higher TWIST-1 expression have shorter overall and event-free survival (OS and EFS) in AML. Multivariate analysis further demonstrates that TWIST-1 overexpression is a novel independent unfavourable predictor for both OS and EFS in AML. These data highlight TWIST-1 as a new candidate gene contributing to leukemogenesis of myeloid leukemia, and propose possible new avenues for improving risk and treatment stratification in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Cheng-Ya Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Bin-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shu-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Qing-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yong-Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
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35
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Prognostic value of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD3+ T cells from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:83-7. [PMID: 26463635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 in CD3+ T cells in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 46 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and 30 healthy people. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 before and after chemotherapy. RESULTS Compared to healthy control, the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 in patients with DLBCL was increased in CD3+ T cells. There is no significant change of PD-1 and TIM-3 in patients with stage I/II DLBCL, however, they were markedly increased in patients with stage III/IV DLBCL. The expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 elevated in DLBCL patients with B symptoms, IPI score >2 points and high level of LDH and Ki-67. After four courses of standard chemotherapy, PD-1 and TIM-3 expression level decreased. The treatment efficiency is higher in patients with low expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 than in patients with high PD-1 and TIM-3 expression. CONCLUSION DLBCL patients have high expression level of PD-1 and TIM-3, which are related to DLBCL staging. PD-1 and TIM-3 expression levels are also related to the efficiency of chemotherapy. PD-1 and TIM-3 expression levels may be used as an indicator of chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with DLBCL.
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36
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Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U. Targeting LSCs through membrane antigens selectively or preferentially expressed on these cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:336-46. [PMID: 26460257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of xenotransplantation of bone marrow and blood cells of AML patients have supported the existence of rare leukemic stem cells, able to initiate and maintain the leukemic process and bearing the typical leukemic abnormalities. LSCs possess self-renewal capacity and are responsible for the growth of the more differentiated leukemic progeny in the bone marrow and in the blood. These cells are more resistant than bulk leukemic cells to anti-leukemic drugs, thus survive to treatment and are, at a large extent, responsible for leukemia relapse. During the last two decades, considerable progresses have been made in the understanding of the peculiar cellular and molecular properties of LSCs. In this context, particularly relevant was the discovery of several membrane markers, selectively or preferentially expressed on LSCs. These membrane markers offer now unique opportunities to identify LSCs and to distinguish them from normal HSCs, to monitor the response of the various anti-leukemic treatments at the level of the LSC compartment, to identify relevant therapeutic targets. Concerning this last point, the most promising therapeutic targets are CD33 and CD123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Suepriore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Suepriore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Suepriore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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37
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Adachi K, Tamada K. Immune checkpoint blockade opens an avenue of cancer immunotherapy with a potent clinical efficacy. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:945-50. [PMID: 25981182 PMCID: PMC4556381 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in tumor immunology has revealed that tumors generate immunologically restrained milieu during the process of their growth, which facilitates the escape of tumors from host immune systems. Immune checkpoint molecules, which transduce co-inhibitory signals to immuno-competent cells, are one of the most important components conferring the immunosuppressive capacity in the tumor microenvironment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) are typical immune checkpoint molecules intimately involved in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Antibodies against those molecules have been developed, such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody), nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody), and have been approved by regulatory agencies and used in some countries. Treatment with these antibodies demonstrates previously unobserved clinical efficacies superior to the conventional therapies. In this review, we first discuss the escape mechanisms of cancer from host immune systems, and then focus on the recent advances in immune checkpoint blockade therapy and on the new findings of related immune reactions, aiming to provide a better understanding of the novel cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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38
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Baghdadi M, Takeuchi S, Wada H, Seino KI. Blocking monoclonal antibodies of TIM proteins as orchestrators of anti-tumor immune response. MAbs 2014; 6:1124-32. [PMID: 25517298 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based treatment of cancer has a significant effect on current practice in medical oncology, and is considered now as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. MAbs are designed to initiate or enhance anti-tumor immune responses, which can be achieved by either blocking inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules or triggering activating receptors. TIM gene family members are type-I surface molecules expressed in immune cells, and play important roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Therapeutic strategies based on anti-TIMs mAbs have shown promising results in experimental tumor models, and synergistic combinations of anti-TIMs mAbs with cancer vaccines, adoptive T-cell therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy will have great impact on cancer treatment in future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Baghdadi
- a Division of Immunobiology; Institute for Genetic Medicine ; Hokkaido University ; Sapporo , Japan
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Wouters R, Cucchi D, Kaspers GJL, Schuurhuis GJ, Cloos J. Relevance of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: heterogeneity and influence on disease monitoring, prognosis and treatment design. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:791-805. [PMID: 25242511 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.959921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a bone marrow disease characterized by a block in differentiation of the myeloid lineage with a concomitant uncontrolled high proliferation rate. Development of acute myeloid leukemia from stem cells with specific founder mutations, leads to an oligoclonal disease that progresses into a very heterogeneous leukemia at diagnosis. Measurement of leukemic stem cell load and characterization of these cells are essential for prediction of relapse and target identification, respectively. Prediction of relapse by monitoring the disease during minimal residual disease detection is challenged by clonal shifts during therapy. To overcome this, characterization of the potential relapse-initiating cells is required using both flow cytometry and molecular analysis since leukemic stem cells can be targeted both on extracellular features and on stem-cell specific signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Wouters
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Small RNA as a regulator of hematopoietic development, immune response in infection and tumorigenesis. Int J Hematol 2014; 99:553-60. [PMID: 24687917 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene regulation by small RNAs (15-40-nucleotide noncoding RNAs) is now established as an important branch of the gene regulatory system. It has recently been revealed that noncoding RNAs can be categorized into different types and that they work through novel mechanisms. In addition, it has been shown that noncoding RNAs mediate intercellular communication and, importantly, that cross talk between coding and noncoding RNAs occurs. In this review, we discuss the recent findings concerning small RNAs. It was originally proposed that microRNAs (miRNAs) work to "fine tune" the determination of cell fate. However, critical functions beyond fine tuning have been revealed. In addition to miRNAs, next-generation sequencing has revealed the existence of various species of non-canonical small RNAs: mirtrons, piRNAs, 21U-RNA, endo-siRNAs, snoRNAs, usRNAs, and Y-RNA-derived small RNAs. Some of these species are involved in response to viral infection. Finally, we highlight the intracellular functions of small RNAs, which involve the exosomes.
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Akashi K. Guest editorial: leukemia stem cell. Int J Hematol 2013; 98:625-6. [PMID: 24217997 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan,
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