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Soh PXY, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Lymphoma in Border Collies: Genome-Wide Association and Pedigree Analysis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:581. [PMID: 37756103 PMCID: PMC10536503 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in studying cancer in dogs and its potential as a model system for humans. One area of research has been the search for genetic risk variants in canine lymphoma, which is amongst the most common canine cancers. Previous studies have focused on a limited number of breeds, but none have included Border Collies. The aims of this study were to identify relationships between Border Collie lymphoma cases through an extensive pedigree investigation and to utilise relationship information to conduct genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses to identify risk regions associated with lymphoma. The expanded pedigree analysis included 83,000 Border Collies, with 71 identified lymphoma cases. The analysis identified affected close relatives, and a common ancestor was identified for 54 cases. For the genomic study, a GWAS was designed to incorporate lymphoma cases, putative "carriers", and controls. A case-control GWAS was also conducted as a comparison. Both analyses showed significant SNPs in regions on chromosomes 18 and 27. Putative top candidate genes from these regions included DLA-79, WNT10B, LMBR1L, KMT2D, and CCNT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
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2
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Krsmanovic P, Mocikova H, Chramostova K, Klanova M, Trnkova M, Pesta M, Laslo P, Pytlik R, Stopka T, Trneny M, Pospisil V. Circulating microRNAs in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma: Sensitive Tool for Detection of Secondary CNS Involvement, Monitoring of Therapy and Prediction of CNS Relapse in Aggressive B-NHL Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092305. [PMID: 35565434 PMCID: PMC9103209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphoma involving the central nervous system and CNS relapse present diagnostic and predictive challenges. Its diagnosis is based on conventional methods with low sensitivity and/or specificity. More powerful tools for its early detection, response evaluation, and CNS relapse prediction are needed. MicroRNAs are short post-transcriptional gene regulators that are remarkably stable and detectable extracellularly in body fluids. We evaluated the diagnostic and predictive potential of circulating oncogenic microRNAs (oncomiRs) in CSF and plasma for the detection of secondary CNS involvement in aggressive B-NHL lymphomas, as well as for detection and prediction of their CNS relapse. Our findings indicate that the evaluation of oncogenic microRNAs in CSF and plasma potentially provides a sensitive tool for the early detection of secondary CNS lymphoma, the monitoring and estimating of treatment efficacy, and the prediction and early detection of CNS relapse. Abstract Lymphoma with secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement represents one of the most aggressive malignancies, with poor prognosis and high mortality. New diagnostic tools for its early detection, response evaluation, and CNS relapse prediction are needed. We analyzed circulating microRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 162 patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHL) and compared their levels in CNS-involving lymphomas versus in systemic lymphomas, at diagnosis and during treatment and CNS relapse. We identified a set of five oncogenic microRNAs (miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-155) in CSF that detect, with high sensitivity, secondary CNS lymphoma involvement in aggressive B-NHL, including DLBCL, MCL, and Burkitt lymphoma. Their combination into an oncomiR index enables the separation of CNS lymphomas from systemic lymphomas or nonmalignant controls with high sensitivity and specificity, and high Receiver Operating Characteristics (DLBCL AUC = 0.96, MCL = 0.93, BL = 1.0). Longitudinal analysis showed that oncomiR levels reflect treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes, allowing their monitoring and prediction. In contrast to conventional methods, CSF oncomiRs enable detection of early and residual CNS involvement, as well as parenchymal involvement. These circulating oncomiRs increase 1–4 months before CNS relapse, allowing its early detection and improving the prediction of CNS relapse risk in DLBCL. Similar effects were detectable, to a lesser extent, in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Krsmanovic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Heidi Mocikova
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamila Chramostova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klanova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
- 1st Department of Medicine, Charles University General Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie Trnkova
- 1st Department of Medicine, Charles University General Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Michal Pesta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 186 75 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Peter Laslo
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Robert Pytlik
- Department of Cell Therapy, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Stopka
- 1st Department of Medicine, Charles University General Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
- Biocev, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Trneny
- 1st Department of Medicine, Charles University General Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.T.); (T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Vit Pospisil
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Shi Y, Ding D, Qu R, Tang Y, Hao S. Non-Coding RNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12097-12112. [PMID: 33262609 PMCID: PMC7699984 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying DLBCL have not been fully elucidated, and approximately 40% of patients who undergo standard chemoimmunotherapy still present with primary refractory disease or relapse. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a group of biomolecules functioning at the RNA level, are increasingly recognized as vital components of molecular biology. With the development of RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology, accumulating evidence shows that ncRNAs are important mediators of diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They are also considered promising biomarkers and better candidates than proteins and genes for the early recognition of disease onset, as they are associated with relative stability, specificity, and reproducibility. In this review, we provide the first comprehensive description of the current knowledge regarding three groups of ncRNAs-microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-focusing on their characteristics, molecular functions, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic potential in DLBCL. This review provides an exhaustive account for researchers to explore novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daihong Ding
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Anastasiadou E, Seto AG, Beatty X, Hermreck M, Gilles ME, Stroopinsky D, Pinter-Brown LC, Pestano L, Marchese C, Avigan D, Trivedi P, Escolar DM, Jackson AL, Slack FJ. Cobomarsen, an Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of miR-155, Slows DLBCL Tumor Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1139-1149. [PMID: 33208342 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE miRNA-155 is an oncogenic miRNA highly expressed in B-cell malignancies, particularly in the non-germinal center B-cell or activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), where it is considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Thus, miR-155 inhibition represents an important therapeutic strategy for B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we tested the efficacy and pharmacodynamic activity of an oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-155, cobomarsen, in ABC-DLBCL cell lines and in corresponding xenograft mouse models. In addition, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of cobomarsen in a patient diagnosed with aggressive ABC-DLBCL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preclinical studies included the delivery of cobomarsen to highly miR-155-expressing ABC-DLBCL cell lines to assess any phenotypic changes, as well as intravenous injections of cobomarsen in NSG mice carrying ABC-DLBCL xenografts, to study tumor growth and pharmacodynamics of the compound over time. To begin to test its safety and therapeutic efficacy, a patient was recruited who underwent five cycles of cobomarsen treatment. RESULTS Cobomarsen decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Intravenous administration of cobomarsen in a xenograft NSG mouse model of ABC-DLBCL reduced tumor volume, triggered apoptosis, and derepressed direct miR-155 target genes. Finally, the compound reduced and stabilized tumor growth without any toxic effects for the patient. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential therapeutic application of cobomarsen in ABC-DLBCL and other types of lymphoma with elevated miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Anastasiadou
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xuan Beatty
- miRagen Therapeutics, Inc, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren C Pinter-Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - David Avigan
- Department of Hematology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Frank J Slack
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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5
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Systematic Review of the Potential of MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020144. [PMID: 30691158 PMCID: PMC6406874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of invasive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). DLBCL presents with variable backgrounds, which results in heterogeneous outcomes among patients. Although new tools have been developed for the classification and management of patients, 40% of them still have primary refractory disease or relapse. In addition, multiple factors regarding the pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear and identification of novel biomarkers is needed. In this context, recent investigations point to microRNAs as useful biomarkers in cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to provide new insight into the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, classification, treatment response and prognosis of DLBCL patients. We used the following terms in PubMed” ((‘Non-coding RNA’) OR (‘microRNA’ OR ‘miRNA’ OR ‘miR’) OR (‘exosome’) OR (‘extracellular vesicle’) OR (‘secretome’)) AND (‘Diffuse large B cell lymphoma’ OR ‘DLBCL’)” to search for studies evaluating miRNAs as a diagnosis, subtype, treatment response or prognosis biomarkers in primary DLBCL in human patient populations. As a result, the analysis was restricted to the role of miRNAs in tumor tissue and we did not consider circulating miRNAs. A total of thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, twenty-one were classified in the diagnosis category, twenty in classification, five in treatment response and nineteen in prognosis. In this review, we have identified miR-155-5p and miR-21-5p as miRNAs of potential utility for diagnosis, while miR-155-5p and miR-221-3p could be useful for classification. Further studies are needed to exploit the potential of this field.
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6
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Tang L, Peng YZ, Li CG, Jiang HW, Mei H, Hu Y. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of MiR-155 in Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:654-664. [PMID: 30719163 PMCID: PMC6360418 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant miR-155 expression has been reported in various types of hematologic malignancies. However, the prognostic and clinicopathological value of miR-155 remains unclear. Here, we performed this systemic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of miR-155 expression in hematologic malignancies. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library databases and OVID to identify eligible studies published from Jan 1, 2008 to Aug 1, 2018. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to detect the prognostic and clinicopathological role of miR-155 in hematologic malignancies. Results: A total of 18 studies including 2316 patients were enrolled in the present meta-analysis, indicating significant association between elevated miR-155 expression and poor overall survival (OS) in 2114 patients (pooled HR = 1.72, 95%CI [1.50-1.97], p<0.001). Elevated miR-155 expression level was related to shorter event free survival (EFS, pooled HR = 1.55, 95%CI [0.94-2.57], P=0.002), disease free survival (DFS, pooled HR = 1.38, 95%CI [1.13-1.68], P=0.001), progress free survival (PFS, pooled HR = 1.58, 95%CI [1.06-2.35], p<0.001) and treatment free survival (TFS, pooled HR = 1.67, 95%CI [1.16-2.39], P=0.006). Additionally, overexpression of miR-155 was found to be significantly related to FLT3/ITD presence (OR=4.751, 95%CI [3.229-6.990], P<0.001), more WT1 mutation (OR=2.090, 95%CI [1.240-3.522], P=0.006) and less CEBPA mutation (OR=0.477, 95%CI [0.286-0.794], P=0.004) in 552 AML patients. Conclusion: MiR-155 expression was found to be associated with several leukemia-related phenotype and poor prognosis in hematologic malignancies. Therefore, miR-155 overexpression might be a convinced unfavorable prognostic indicator that helps the clinical decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei clinical medical center of cell therapy for neoplastic disease
| | - Yi-Zhong Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cheng-Gong Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei clinical medical center of cell therapy for neoplastic disease
| | - Hui-Wen Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei clinical medical center of cell therapy for neoplastic disease
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei clinical medical center of cell therapy for neoplastic disease.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei clinical medical center of cell therapy for neoplastic disease.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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7
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Abo Elwafa R, Gamaleldin M, Ghallab O. The clinical and prognostic significance of FIS1, SPI1, PDCD7 and Ang2 expression levels in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2018; 233-234:84-95. [PMID: 30555023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The marked heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) renders precisely predicting patient prognosis extremely difficult. Genetic alterations, fusions and mutations, may result in misexpression of key genes in AML. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns of 4 novel genes; FIS1, SPI1, PDCD7 and Ang2 to determine their potential prognostic role in AML patients. METHODS Bone marrow mononuclear cells were analyzed for of FIS1, SPI1, PDCD7 and Ang2 expression levels by real-time quantitative PCR as well as of FLT3/ITD and NPM1 mutations in 100 newly diagnosed cytogenetically normal (CN-AML) patients, and 100 non-malignant controls. RESULTS FIS1, SPI1, PDCD7 and Ang2 were significantly overexpressed in CN-AML patients (p < 0.001). Their high expression levels were significantly associated with lower complete remission (CR) rate, shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis, high FIS1 expression showed a significant impact on CR response after induction therapy (OR = 88.777, 95% C.I: 2.85-2765.78, p = 0.011) while high PDCD7 appeared to be an independent risk factor for RFS (HR = 5.107, 95% C.I: 1.731-15.066, p = 0.003) and OS (HR = 7.353, 95% C.I: 1.859-29.079, p = 0.004) in CN-AML patients. CONCLUSIONS FIS1 and PDCD7 expression are considered independent risk factors and should be integrated into the current AML stratification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Abo Elwafa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Gamaleldin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar Ghallab
- Internal Medicine Department (Hematology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Wu X, Wang F, Li Y, Wang X, Liu P, Zhang H, Ge Z, Zhang X, Gao C, Chen B. Evaluation of latent membrane protein 1 and microRNA-155 for the prognostic prediction of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9725-9734. [PMID: 29844839 PMCID: PMC5958882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has previously been demonstrated to contribute to the mortality of lymphoma with various aggressive features. The prognostic role of the biomarkers latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 and microRNA-(miR)-155 in DLBCL remain controversial. The present study primarily aimed to assess the effect of LMP1 and miR-155 on the survival of DLBCL patients, and additionally evaluate the clinical features to observe their influence on outcomes, compared with previous studies. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples were collected from our center between May 2010 and December 2011. Microarray analysis, immunohistochemical analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the expression of LMP1 and miR-155. The association between biomarkers or clinical features and patient outcomes was assessed using the log-rank statistical test, Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier method. SPSS software was used to statistically analyze the data. A total of 82 patients were included in the present study. The results demonstrated that high expression of LMP1 and miR-155 may be associated with a poor progression-free survival rate, while a high International Prognostic Index score and high expression of LMP1 may be associated with a poor overall survival rate. These results indicated that LMP1 and miR-155 may be novel and reliable biomarkers for the prognostic prediction of lymphoma, and will potentially be analyzed in the future to evaluate patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiyong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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9
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Xie Z, Qu Y, Shen P, Wang B, Wei K, Du B. PU.1 attenuates TNF‑α‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes by regulating miR‑155 activity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8349-8356. [PMID: 29693176 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the role of transcription factor PU.1 (PU.1) in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (RA‑FLS). It was determined that TNF‑α induced proliferation of RA‑FLS, whereas transfection with PU.1 3'untranslated region (UTR) inhibited this proliferation. Additionally, PU.1 3'UTR attenuated TNF‑α‑induced production of interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑1β, and downregulated the expression level of micro RNA (miR)‑155 in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, transfection with PU.1 3'UTR significantly attenuated TNF‑α‑induced decrease in forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) expression level in RA‑FLS and these effects were consistent with the effects of miR‑155 inhibition. PU.1 and FOXO3 formed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that regulated miR‑155 activity. In this competing endogenous RNA network, PU.1 3'UTR modulated FOXO3 expression in a miRNA‑ and 3'UTR‑dependent manner. Downregulation of FOXO3 expression reversed the PU.1 3'UTR‑mediated protective effects. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that PU.1 3'UTR attenuates TNF‑α‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of RA‑FLS by acting as a ceRNA for FOXO3 to regulate miR‑155 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Xie
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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10
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Özdemir İ, Pınarlı FG, Pınarlı FA, Aksakal FNB, Okur A, Uyar Göçün P, Karadeniz C. Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes SPI1, PRDX2, KLF4, DLEC1, and DAPK1 in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 35:131-144. [PMID: 30020823 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2018.1467986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and methylation status of seven distinctive genes with tumor suppressing properties in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. A total of 96 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL, n = 41), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL, n = 15), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH, n = 40, as controls) are included in the research. The expression status of CDKN2A, SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, FOXO1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes were measured with QPCR method after the RNA isolation from paraffin blocks of tumor tissue and cDNA conversion. DNA isolation was performed from samples with low gene expression followed by methylation PCR study specific to promoter regions of these genes. We found that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4, and DAPK1 genes are significantly less expressed in patient than the control group (p = 0.0001). However, expression of CDKNA2 and FOXO1 genes in the patient and control groups were not statistically different. The methylation ratios of all genes excluding the CDKN2A and FOXO1 were significantly higher in the HL and NHL groups than the controls (p = 0.0001). We showed that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes are epigenetically silenced via hypermethylation in the tumor tissues of children with HL and NHL. As CDKN2A gene was not expressed in both patient and control groups, we conclude that it is not specific to malignancy. As FOXO1 gene was similarly expressed in both groups, its relationship with malignancy could not be established. The epigenetically silenced genes may be candidates for biomarkers or therapeutic targets in childhood and adolescent lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Özdemir
- a Department of Pediatrics , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Faruk Güçlü Pınarlı
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ferda Alpaslan Pınarlı
- c Center of Cell Research and Genetic Diagnosis, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research Hospital , Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - F Nur Baran Aksakal
- d Department of Public Health , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Arzu Okur
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Uyar Göçün
- e Department of Pathology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceyda Karadeniz
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
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11
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Xu Y, Gu S, Bi Y, Qi X, Yan Y, Lou M. Transcription factor PU.1 is involved in the progression of glioma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3753-3759. [PMID: 29467892 PMCID: PMC5795926 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a severe disease of the central nervous system. Although previous studies have identified the important role of the immune response in association with tumor intervention, it is still unknown whether PU.1, a transcription factor known for its role in myeloid differentiation and immune responses, is involved in the progression of glioma. In the present study, we found a significant increase in SPI1, the gene that encodes PU.1, in samples from patients with glioma. Through genotype-phenotype association analysis several candidate factors that may mediate the role of PU.1 in glioma were identified. To further validate the association between PU.1 and glioma we found that the expression of BTK, a potential target of PU.1, was also upregulated in patients with glioma. We also demonstrated that various biological pathways could be involved in PU.1-associated glioma by analyzing these potential targets in the Reactome database. These results provide evidence that PU.1 could serve a role in the progress of glioma through its transcriptional targets in multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, in addition to its role in hematopoietic linage development and leukemia, PU.1 appears to be involved in the regulation of glioma and potentially in other malignant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yunke Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yujin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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12
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Plasma miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 are Biomarkers for Monitoring of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102136. [PMID: 29036928 PMCID: PMC5666818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) affect the skin and tend to transform and spread. CTCL involves primarily the Mycosis fungoides (MF) and more aggressive Sezary syndrome (SS). Oncogenic microRNAs (miRs) are stable epigenetic inhibitors often deregulated in the tumour and detectable as biomarkers in non-cellular fractions of peripheral blood. The tumour-specific expression of miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 was shown to correctly diagnose CTCL. We herein asked whether these microRNAs can be used as plasma biomarkers for clinical CTCL monitoring. Patients with CTCL (n = 10) and controls with non-malignant conditions (n = 11) repeatedly donated plasma samples every ca. five months. MicroRNAs were detected in the plasma samples by specifically-primed RT-PCR followed by multivariate analyses of the miR expression dynamics. We herein established the plasma miR-classifier for detecting CTCL based on the miR-155 upregulation and miR-203/miR-205 downregulation with 100% specificity and 94% sensitivity. The 3-miR-score in the consecutive samples coincided with the clinical outcome of MF and SS patients such as the therapy response or changes in the clinical stage or tumor size. Quantitation of the selected microRNAs in plasma is a specific and straightforward approach for evaluating CTCL outcome representing, thus, a valuable tool for CTCL diagnostics and therapy response monitoring.
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Solé C, Larrea E, Di Pinto G, Tellaetxe M, Lawrie CH. miRNAs in B-cell lymphoma: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker potential. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yao Y, Vasoya D, Kgosana L, Smith LP, Gao Y, Wang X, Watson M, Nair V. Activation of gga-miR-155 by reticuloendotheliosis virus T strain and its contribution to transformation. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:810-820. [PMID: 28113043 PMCID: PMC5657028 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The v-rel oncoprotein encoded by reticuloendotheliosis virus T strain (Rev-T) is a member of the rel/NF-κB family of transcription factors capable of transformation of primary chicken spleen and bone marrow cells. Rapid transformation of avian haematopoietic cells by v-rel occurs through a process of deregulation of multiple protein-encoding genes through its direct effect on their promoters. More recently, upregulation of oncogenic miR-155 and its precursor pre-miR-155 was demonstrated in both Rev-T-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and Rev-T-induced B-cell lymphomas. Through electrophoresis mobility shift assay and reporter analysis on the gga-miR-155 promoter, we showed that the v-rel-induced miR-155 overexpression occurred by the direct binding to one of the putative NF-κB binding sites. Using the v-rel-induced transformation model on chicken embryonic splenocyte cultures, we could demonstrate a dynamic increase in miR-155 levels during the transformation. Transcriptome profiles of lymphoid cells transformed by v-rel showed upregulation of miR-155 accompanied by downregulation of a number of putative miR-155 targets such as Pu.1 and CEBPβ. We also showed that v-rel could rescue the suppression of miR-155 expression observed in Marek's disease virus (MDV)-transformed cell lines, where its functional viral homologue MDV-miR-M4 is overexpressed. Demonstration of gene expression changes affecting major molecular pathways, including organismal injury and cancer in avian macrophages transfected with synthetic mature miR-155, underlines its potential direct role in transformation. Our study suggests that v-rel-induced transformation involves a complex set of events mediated by the direct activation of NF-κB targets, together with inhibitory effects on microRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiu Yao
- Avian Viral Disease Programme & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Deepali Vasoya
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lydia Kgosana
- Avian Viral Disease Programme & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Lorraine P Smith
- Avian Viral Disease Programme & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Viral Disease Programme & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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15
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Wu X, Liu P, Zhang H, Li Y, Salmani JMM, Wang F, Yang K, Fu R, Chen Z, Chen B. Wogonin as a targeted therapeutic agent for EBV (+) lymphoma cells involved in LMP1/NF-κB/miR-155/PU.1 pathway. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:147. [PMID: 28222771 PMCID: PMC5320633 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wogonin is an encouraging choice for clinical use owing to its potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects with the high safety profile. However, wogonin for targeted therapy of lymphoma was not well addressed. In this study, we focused on its anticancer effect alongside with the underlying mechanisms for targeted therapy in EBV-positive lymphoma. This will facilitate its introduction to clinical use, which is planned in the near future. Methods Cell proliferation was studied by CCK8. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis and the cycle arrest of cells. Further, we also used immunofluorescent staining to detect the morphologic changes of the apoptotic cells. The expression of LMP1/miR-155/p65/pp65/PU.1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, while that of NF-κB was analyzed by EMSA. At last, immunohistochemical staining was applied to assess the expression of target proteins and relevant molecules. Results In vitro, wogonin induced the apoptosis of Raji cells by downregulating the expression of NF-κB through LMP1/miR-155/NF-κB/PU.1 pathway, which was in a dose and time-dependent manner. In vivo, wogonin could suppress tumor growth, associated with the downregulation of ki67, p65 and upregulation of PU.1. Conclusions Wogonin could suppress tumor growth and induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB. Taken these findings, we concluded that wogonin could be a potential targeted therapeutic agent for EBV-positive lymphoma with the expression of LMP1 through the pathway of LMP1/NF-κB/miR-155/PU.1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3145-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, The Second Hospital of Nanjing Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jumah Masoud Mohammad Salmani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhewei Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Vargova J, Vargova K, Dusilkova N, Kulvait V, Pospisil V, Zavadil J, Trneny M, Klener P, Stopka T. Differential expression, localization and activity of MARCKS between mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e475. [PMID: 27662204 PMCID: PMC5056972 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Vargova
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - K Vargova
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - N Dusilkova
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - V Kulvait
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - V Pospisil
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - J Zavadil
- Group of Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Trneny
- Department of Hematology, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Klener
- Department of Hematology, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Stopka
- Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematology, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Due H, Svendsen P, Bødker JS, Schmitz A, Bøgsted M, Johnsen HE, El-Galaly TC, Roug AS, Dybkær K. miR-155 as a Biomarker in B-Cell Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9513037. [PMID: 27294145 PMCID: PMC4884835 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9513037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have the potential to be useful biomarkers in the development of individualized treatment since they are easy to detect, are relatively stable during sample handling, and are important determinants of cellular processes controlling pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment of several types of cancers including B-cell malignancies. miR-155 is an oncomiR with a crucial role in tumor initiation and development of several B-cell malignancies. The present review elucidates the potential of miR-155 as a diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarker in B-cell malignancies using a systematic search strategy to identify relevant literature. miR-155 was upregulated in several malignancies compared to nonmalignant controls and overexpression of miR-155 was further associated with poor prognosis. Elevated expression of miR-155 shows potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest miR-155 as an efficient therapeutic target, supporting its oncogenic function. The use of inhibiting anti-miR structures indicates promising potential as novel anticancer therapeutics. Reports from 53 studies prove that miR-155 has the potential to be a molecular tool in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Due
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Svendsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Støve Bødker
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Stidsholt Roug
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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