1
|
Ohmoto A, Fuji S. Non-cancerous complications in HTLV-1 carriers. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:307-316. [PMID: 38536666 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2336547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers may develop adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). The evidence is limited regarding other diseases potentially associated with HTLV-1, such as HTLV-1-associated autoimmune diseases. AREA COVERED We summarized the available information on complications associated with HTLV-1 infection. EXPERT OPINION Previous studies showed that HTLV-1 carriers have an increased incidence of collagen diseases including Sjögren's syndrome, as well as dysthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, cognitive deficits are observed in asymptomatic carriers and in symptomatic carriers who develop HAM/TSP. It is hypothesized that altered immunoregulation occurs as a result of persistent HTLV-1 infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection itself has an adverse impact on overall survival. ATL alone cannot entirely explain the adverse impact of HTLV-1 infection on overall mortality, because the incidence is low, and therefore HTLV-1-associated diseases as a whole may contribute to the inferior clinical outcome. However, there are insufficient data to determine the causal relationship between HTLV-1 infection and each complication. While non-cancerous events linked to HTLV-1 infection are not fatal, they are likely to reduce quality of life. Large prospective studies should be conducted by international collaborators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schneiderman BS, Barski MS, Maertens GN. Cabotegravir, the Long-Acting Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor, Potently Inhibits Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Transmission in vitro. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:889621. [PMID: 35547224 PMCID: PMC9082600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.889621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a deltaretrovirus most prevalent in southwestern Japan, sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, South America, and the Caribbean. Latest figures approximate 10 million people worldwide to be infected with HTLV-1. This is likely a significant underestimation due to lack of screening in endemic areas and absence of seroconversion symptoms. The two primary diseases associated with HTLV-1 infection are adult T cell leukaemia-lymphoma, a malignant and, sometimes, aggressive cancer; and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, a debilitating neurological degenerative disease. Unfortunately, despite the poor prognosis, there is currently no effective treatment for HTLV-1 infection. We previously showed that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) clinically used for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prophylaxis and treatment are also effective against HTLV-1 transmission in vitro. In 2021 a new INSTI, cabotegravir, was approved by the FDA for HIV-1 treatment. We thus set out to evaluate its efficacy against HTLV-1 infection in vitro. Strand transfer assays performed using recombinant HTLV-1 integrase treated with increasing concentrations of cabotegravir, effectively inhibited strand transfer activity, displaying an IC50 of 77.8 ± 22.4 nM. Furthermore, cabotegravir blocked HTLV-1 transmission in tissue culture; we determined an EC50 of 0.56 ± 0.26 nM, similar to bictegravir. Alu-PCR confirmed the block in integration. Thus, there are four INSTIs and one reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by the FDA for HIV-1 treatment, that potently block HTLV-1 infection in vitro. This should strongly encourage the establishment of a new standard of HTLV-1 treatment – particularly for pre-exposure prophylaxis and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal S Barski
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Goedele N Maertens
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bradshaw D, Taylor GP. HTLV-1 Transmission and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A Scoping Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881547. [PMID: 35572998 PMCID: PMC9103472 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV-PrEP) is effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV acquisition in HIV-negative people at high risk of exposure. Guidelines recommend testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) before starting, and periodically on PrEP, including bacterial infections, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and, for those who are non-immune, hepatitis B virus. Diagnosed infections can be promptly treated to reduce onward transmission. HTLV-1 is not mentioned; however, it is predominantly sexually transmitted, causes adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) or myelopathy in 10% of those infected, and is associated with an increased risk of death in those without any classically HTLV-associated condition. The 2021 WHO Technical Report on HTLV-1 called for the strengthening of global public health measures against its spread. In this scoping review, we, therefore, (1) discuss the epidemiological context of HIV-PrEP and HTLV-1 transmission; (2) present current knowledge of antiretrovirals in relation to HTLV-1 transmission prevention, including nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs); and (3) identify knowledge gaps where data are urgently required to inform global public health measures to protect HIV-PrEP users from HTLV-1 acquisition. We suggest that systematic seroprevalence studies among PrEP-using groups, including men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWIDs), and female sex workers (FSWs), are needed. Further data are required to evaluate antiretroviral efficacy in preventing HTLV-1 transmission from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical cohorts. PrEP delivery programmes should consider prioritizing the long-acting injectable INSTI, cabotegravir, in HTLV-1 endemic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bradshaw
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel Bradshaw
| | - Graham Philip Taylor
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
How I treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2021; 137:459-470. [PMID: 33075812 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive T-cell malignancy that arises in a proportion of individuals who are long-term carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The median survival of aggressive subtypes is 8 to 10 months; with chemotherapy-based approaches, overall survival has remained largely unchanged in the ∼35 years since ATL was first described. Through the use of 4 representative case studies, we highlight advances in the biological understanding of ATL and the use of novel therapies such as mogamulizumab, as well as how they are best applied to different subtypes of ATL. We discuss the implementation of molecular methods that may guide diagnosis or treatment, although we accept that these are not universally available. In particular, we acknowledge discrepancies in treatment between different countries, reflecting current drug licensing and the difficulties in making treatment decisions in a rare disease, with limited high-quality clinical trial data.
Collapse
|
5
|
Marino-Merlo F, Balestrieri E, Matteucci C, Mastino A, Grelli S, Macchi B. Antiretroviral Therapy in HTLV-1 Infection: An Updated Overview. Pathogens 2020; 9:E342. [PMID: 32369988 PMCID: PMC7281255 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of inflammatory based diseases. Although the heterogeneous features of the diseases caused by HTLV-1, a common topic concerning related therapeutic treatments relies on the use of antiretrovirals. This review will compare the different approaches and opinions in this matter, giving a concise overview of preclinical as well as clinical studies covering all the aspects of antiretrovirals in HTLV-1 infection. Studies will be grouped on the basis of the class of antiretroviral, putting together both pre-clinical and clinical results and generally following a chronological order. Analysis of the existing literature highlights that a number of preclinical studies clearly demonstrate that different classes of antiretrovirals, already utilized as anti-HIV agents, are actually capable to efficiently contrast HTLV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the results of most of the clinical studies are generally discouraging on the same point. In conclusion, the design of new antiretrovirals more specifically focused on HTLV-1 targets, and/or the establishment of early treatments with antiretrovirals could hopefully change the perspectives of diseases caused by HTLV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- The Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu X, Kalac M, Markson M, Chan M, Brody JD, Bhagat G, Ang RL, Legarda D, Justus SJ, Liu F, Li Q, Xiong H, Ting AT. Reversal of CYLD phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic approach for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32024820 PMCID: PMC7002447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy of mature T cells associated with chronic infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1). ATLL patients with aggressive subtypes have dismal outcomes. We demonstrate that ATLL cells co-opt an early checkpoint within the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) pathway, resulting in survival advantage. This early checkpoint revolves around an interaction between the deubiquitinase CYLD and its target RIPK1. The status of RIPK1 K63-ubiquitination determines cell fate by creating either a prosurvival signal (ubiquitinated RIPK1) or a death signal (deubiquitinated RIPK1). In primary ATLL samples and in cell line models, an increased baseline level of CYLD phosphorylation was observed. We therefore tested the hypothesis that this modification of CYLD, which has been reported to inhibit its deubiquitinating function, leads to increased RIPK1 ubiquitination and thus provides a prosurvival signal to ATLL cells. CYLD phosphorylation can be pharmacologically reversed by IKK inhibitors, specifically by TBK1/IKKε and IKKβ inhibitors (MRT67307 and TPCA). Both of the IKK sub-families can phosphorylate CYLD, and the combination of MRT67307 and TPCA have a marked effect in reducing CYLD phosphorylation and triggering cell death. ATLL cells overexpressing a kinase-inactive TBK1 (TBK1-K38A) demonstrate lower CYLD phosphorylation and subsequently reduced proliferation. IKK blockade reactivates CYLD, as evidenced by the reduction in RIPK1 ubiquitination, which leads to the association of RIPK1 with the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) to trigger cell death. In the absence of CYLD, RIPK1 ubiquitination remains elevated following IKK blockade and it does not associate with the DISC. SMAC mimetics can similarly disrupt CYLD phosphorylation and lead to ATLL cell death through reduction of RIPK1 ubiquitination, which is CYLD dependent. These results identify CYLD as a crucial regulator of ATLL survival and point to its role as a potential novel target for pharmacologic modification in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Hematology & Oncology Ward, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Matko Kalac
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Markson
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rosalind L Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diana Legarda
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Scott J Justus
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hematology & Oncology Ward, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barski MS, Minnell JJ, Maertens GN. Inhibition of HTLV-1 Infection by HIV-1 First- and Second-Generation Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1877. [PMID: 31474960 PMCID: PMC6705210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10 million people worldwide are infected with the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Infection phenotypes can range from asymptomatic to severe adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. HTLV-1, like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is a blood-borne pathogen and viral infection happens in a similar fashion, with the major mode of transmission through breastfeeding. There is a strong correlation between time of infection and disease development, with a higher incidence of ATLL in patients infected during childhood. There is no successful therapeutic or preventative regimen for HTLV-1. It is therefore essential to develop therapies to inhibit transmission or block the onset/development of HTLV-1 associated diseases. Recently, we have seen the overwhelming success of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in the treatment of HIV-1. Previously, raltegravir was shown to inhibit HTLV-1 infection. Here, we tested FDA-approved and two Phase II HIV-1 INSTIs in vitro and in a cell-to-cell infection model and show that they are highly active in blocking HTLV-1 infection, with bictegravir (EC50 = 0.30 ± 0.17 nM) performing best overall. INSTIs, in particular bictegravir, are more potent in blocking HTLV-1 transmission than tenofovir disproxil fumarate (TDF), an RT inhibitor. Our data suggest that HIV-1 INSTIs could present a good clinical strategy in HTLV-1 management and justifies the inclusion of INSTIs in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał S Barski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan J Minnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Goedele N Maertens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cook LBM, Demontis MA, Sagawe S, Witkover A, Melamed A, Turpin J, Dillon R, Haddow J, Marks AJ, Bangham CRM, Fields P, Taylor GP, Rowan AG. Molecular remissions are observed in chronic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in patients treated with mogamulizumab. Haematologica 2019; 104:e566-e569. [PMID: 31004017 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy B M Cook
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London.,Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital.,National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London
| | | | - Sophie Sagawe
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Aviva Witkover
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Anat Melamed
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Jocelyn Turpin
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Haematology, Guys' Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Jana Haddow
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London
| | - Alexandra J Marks
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital
| | | | - Paul Fields
- Department of Haematology, Guys' Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Graham P Taylor
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London.,National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London
| | - Aileen G Rowan
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taniguchi H, Imaizumi Y, Takasaki Y, Nakashima J, Kato T, Itonaga H, Sato S, Sawayama Y, Ando K, Hasegawa H, Hata T, Moriuchi Y, Tsukasaki K, Miyazaki Y. Clinical features at transformation in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with smoldering and chronic types. Int J Hematol 2019; 109:402-408. [PMID: 30680667 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Watchful waiting (WW) is among the treatment options indicated for patients with indolent adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). However, we previously showed that the long-term prognosis of patients with smoldering and chronic ATL is often worse than expected, with many undergoing transformation to aggressive ATL. To identify clinical features associated with transformation of smoldering/chronic ATL, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 44 patients (14 smoldering and 30 chronic) who experienced transformation during WW. An elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was most often observed (n = 30) at the time of transformation, especially in the chronic type (n = 24). Major organ involvement, lymphadenopathy, and hypercalcemia were shown to be associated with transformation in transformed patients without elevated LDH. The median overall survival time after transformation was only 7.8 months, and the prognosis was poor after transformation in those fulfilling the criteria of acute type, similar to that of de novo aggressive ATL. Laboratory data, such as LDH, and clinical signs including exacerbation of performance status, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy should all be monitored during WW to ensure appropriate timing of chemotherapy initiation. Identification of optimal predictive markers for transformation and new therapeutic options is warranted to improve outcomes in indolent ATL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Hematology, Saint Francis Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Nakashima
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Itonaga
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sawayama
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hata
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Futsch N, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. HTLV-1, the Other Pathogenic Yet Neglected Human Retrovirus: From Transmission to Therapeutic Treatment. Viruses 2017; 10:v10010001. [PMID: 29267225 PMCID: PMC5795414 DOI: 10.3390/v10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the virology scene, not only because they were the first human retroviruses discovered, but also because they were associated with fatal diseases in the human population. In almost four decades of scientific research, both viruses have had different fates, HTLV-1 being often upstaged by HIV-1. However, although being very close in terms of genome organization, cellular tropism, and viral replication, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are not completely commutable in terms of treatment, especially because of the opposite fate of the cells they infect: death versus immortalization, respectively. Nowadays, the antiretroviral therapies developed to treat HIV-1 infected individuals and to limit HIV-1 spread among the human population have a poor or no effect on HTLV-1 infected individuals, and thus, do not prevent the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases, which still lack highly efficient treatments. The present review mainly focuses on the course of HTLV-1 infection, from the initial infection of the host to diseases development and associated treatments, but also investigates HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection events and their impact on diseases development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Futsch
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
| |
Collapse
|