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Wang H, Yang S, Liu J, Fu Z, Liu Y, Zhou L, Guo H, Lan K, Chen Y. Human adenoviruses: A suspect behind the outbreak of acute hepatitis in children amid the COVID-19 pandemic. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100043. [PMID: 37192861 PMCID: PMC10120317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As of 10 May 2022, at least 450 cases of pediatric patients with acute hepatitis of unknown cause have been reported worldwide. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been detected in at least 74 cases, including the F type HAdV41 in 18 cases, which indicates that adenoviruses may be associated with this mysterious childhood hepatitis, although other infectious agents or environmental factors cannot be excluded. In this review, we provide a brief introduction of the basic features of HAdVs and describe diseases caused by different HAdVs in humans, aiming to help understand the biology and potential risk of HAdVs and cope with the outbreak of acute child hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, Institute for Vaccine Research, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Prevalence of adenoviruses as ocular disease causatives in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2026-2032. [PMID: 35531233 PMCID: PMC9072915 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Human Adenoviruses outbreaks are rare, there still could be a potential chance for those viruses to mutate and spread quickly in human populations with severe public health and socioeconomic consequences. Outbreaks often spread fairly quickly with considerable morbidity/mortality. Saudi Arabia's geopolitical and religious significance bring with it, millions of pilgrims, and tourists yearly. This presents a significant potential for HAdVs epidemics. This review shows that even with the mushrooming serotypes and genotypes, the scholarly knowledge on the nature, structure, transmission, and management of HAdVs is already well-established. Significant research is ongoing on pharmacological interventions, which, presently remain speculative and lacking in effectiveness. This review similarly uncovers a shortage of literature, both recent and dated, on epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in either Saudi Arabia or the Middle East.
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Miyao K, Kuwatsuka Y, Murata M, Nagafuji K, Teshima T, Takeuchi Y, Shiratori S, Najima Y, Uchida N, Tanaka M, Sawa M, Ota S, Fukuda T, Ozawa Y, Kako S, Kawakita T, Ara T, Tanaka J, Kanda Y, Atsuta Y, Kanda J, Terakura S. Anti-thymocyte globulin could potentially overcome an adverse effect of acute GVHD in matched-related PBSCT. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 28:153.e1-153.e11. [PMID: 34954151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous Japanese studies have shown that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with a better survival compared with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from matched related donors (MRDs). PBSCT recipients showed a higher incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) than BMT recipients. In recent years, the efficacy and safety of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for PBSCT recipients has been reported from around the world. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare BMT and PBSCT to identify current improvements and unmet needs among PBSCT recipients from MRDs. Moreover, we evaluated the impact of ATG administration on the outcomes for PBSCT recipients. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively analyzed patients aged 16 years or older with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or chronic myeloid leukemia who received their first BMT or PBSCT from MRDs between 2009 and 2018 in Japan. RESULTS In total, 3599 transplantations were performed (BMT, 1218; PBSCT without ATG [PBSCT-ATG(-)], 2288; and PBSCT with ATG [PBSCT-ATG(+)], 93). The PBSCT-ATG(-) group had a higher NRM rate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.57; p = 0.005) and lower overall survival (OS) rate (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.30; p = 0.011) than the BMT group. Furthermore, the PBSCT-ATG(-) group had a higher incidence of grade III-IV, stage 2-4 gut, high-risk, and steroid-refractory acute GVHD than the BMT group. Acute GVHDs had a negative impact on NRM and OS rates. PBSCT-ATG(-) was also associated with a higher risk of chronic GVHD (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.24-1.57; p < 0.001) and extensive chronic GVHD (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.23-1.68; p < 0.001). The incidence of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and NRM and chronic GVHD-free relapse-free survival rates were comparable between the PBSCT-ATG(+) and BMT groups. The OS rate of patients with acute GVHD in the three donor groups was similar. Patients treated with reduced-intensity conditioning in the PBSCT-ATG(+) group had a higher relapse rate and lower OS rate than those in the BMT group. CONCLUSIONS In this Japanese cohort, standard calcineurin inhibitor-based GVHD prophylaxis was not sufficient for PBSCT recipients from MRDs because of the high incidence of severe acute GVHD. Moreover, prophylactic ATG was found to be a promising strategy against GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Miyao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
| | - Yachiyo Kuwatsuka
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Murata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Souichi Shiratori
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuho Najima
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Sawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Ozawa
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kako
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawakita
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Registry Science for Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seitaro Terakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Improved Therapeutic Approaches are Needed to Manage Graft-versus-Host Disease. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:929-939. [PMID: 34657244 PMCID: PMC8556206 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) offers a potentially curative therapy for patients suffering from diseases of the haematopoietic system but requires a high level of expertise and is both resource intensive and expensive. A frequent and life-threatening complication is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Acute GvHD (aGvHD) generally causes skin, gastrointestinal and liver symptoms, but chronic GvHD (cGvHD) has a different pathophysiology and may affect nearly every organ or tissue of the body. In Europe, GvHD prophylaxis is generally a calcineurin inhibitor in combination with methotrexate, with high-dose systemic steroids used for advanced GvHD treatment. Between 39% and 59% of alloHSCT patients will develop aGvHD and around 36–37% will develop cGvHD. Steroid response decreases with increasing disease severity, which in turn leads to an increase in non-relapse mortality. GvHD imposes a financial burden on healthcare systems, significantly increasing post-alloHSCT costs. Increased GvHD disease severity magnifies this. Balancing immunosuppression to control the GvHD whilst maintaining a degree of immunocompetence against infection is critical. European GvHD guidelines acknowledge the lack of evidence to support a standard second-line therapy, and improved long-term outcomes and quality-of-life (QoL) remain an unmet need. Evidence generation for potential treatments is challenging. Issues to overcome include choice of comparator (extensive off-label usage); blinding; selection of relevant patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs); and rarity of the condition, which may infeasibly increase timescales to achieve clinical and statistical relevance.
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Dodge MJ, MacNeil KM, Tessier TM, Weinberg JB, Mymryk JS. Emerging antiviral therapeutics for human adenovirus infection: Recent developments and novel strategies. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105034. [PMID: 33577808 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a significant burden of respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Although HAdV infections are generally self-limiting, pediatric and immunocompromised individuals are at particular risk for developing severe disease. Currently, no approved antiviral therapies specific to HAdV exist. Recent outbreaks underscore the need for effective antiviral agents to treat life-threatening infections. In this review we will focus on recent developments in search of potential therapeutic agents for controlling HAdV infections, with a focus on those targeting post-entry stages of the virus replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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