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Coronary atherosclerosis severity is closely associated with decreased GLP-1R positivity among CD16 + pro-inflammatory and patrolling monocyte subsets. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 46:15-19. [PMID: 36643724 PMCID: PMC9833237 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) activation reduces pro-inflammatory responses of human monocytes, their accumulation in the vascular wall and foam cell formation inhibiting atherosclerogenesis. This suggests that reduction of circulating GLP-1-1R positive monocytes may have pro-atherogenic effects. It is unknown whether different CD14/CD16 monocytes subsets display GLP-1R and whether their relative proportions correlate with atherosclerosis severity. We evaluated the association between GLP-1R positivity in different CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets and coronary atherosclerosis severity. Methods Relative amounts of classical (CD14+/CD16-), intermediate pro-inflammatory (CD14+/CD16+) and non-classical patrolling (CD14-/CD16+) subsets of total circulating monocytes and the proportions of GLP-1R positive monocytes in these subsets were determined in 13 control subjects and 10 dyslipidemic ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with severe angiographic proven coronary atherosclerosis using flow cytometry analysis. Atherosclerosis severity was calculated by SYNTAX score. Results In univariable analysis, severe atherosclerosis was associated with decreased proportion of classical monocytes and two fold increased CD16+ pro-inflammatory and patrolling subsets as compared with controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Frequency of GLP-1R positive monocytes was decreased in both CD16+ subsets (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with atherosclerosis severity (r = -0.65, p = 0.005 and r = -0.44, p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Increased skewing of the classical monocyte population toward CD16+ pro-inflammatory and patrolling subsets accompanied by decreased in GLP-1R positivity are associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in IHD patients with dyslipidemia. Although the effect of potential confounders cannot be ruled out, our data suggest that failure of GLP-1R-dependent anti-inflammatory/anti-atherogenic control results in innate immune system dysfunction and can promote atherosclerogenesis.
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Shelton CD, Byndloss MX. Gut Epithelial Metabolism as a Key Driver of Intestinal Dysbiosis Associated with Noncommunicable Diseases. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00939-19. [PMID: 32122941 PMCID: PMC7309626 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00939-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries, the leading causes of death are noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. An important feature of most NCDs is inflammation-induced gut dysbiosis characterized by a shift in the microbial community structure from obligate to facultative anaerobes such as Proteobacteria This microbial imbalance can contribute to disease pathogenesis by either a depletion in or the production of microbiota-derived metabolites. However, little is known about the mechanism by which inflammation-mediated changes in host physiology disrupt the microbial ecosystem in our large intestine leading to disease. Recent work by our group suggests that during gut homeostasis, epithelial hypoxia derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent β-oxidation of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids limits oxygen availability in the colon, thereby maintaining a balanced microbial community. During inflammation, disruption in gut anaerobiosis drives expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, regardless of their pathogenic potential. Therefore, our research group is currently exploring the concept that dysbiosis-associated expansion of Enterobacteriaceae can be viewed as a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction and may play a greater role in different models of NCDs, including diet-induced obesity, atherosclerosis, and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Duan Y, Tang H, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Fang X, Han Z, Ouyang K. Heat Shock Protein 60 in Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:73. [PMID: 32426370 PMCID: PMC7203681 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a highly conserved protein abundantly expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In mammals, HSP60 has been primarily considered to reside in the mitochondria, where HSP60 and HSP10 form a complex and facilitate mitochondrial protein folding. However, HSP60 is also observed in the cytoplasm, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular space. HSP60 regulates a broad spectrum of cellular events including protein trafficking, peptide hormone signaling, cell survival, cell proliferation, inflammation, and immunization. In the cardiovascular system, growing evidence indicates that HSP60 could not only play an important role under physiological conditions, but also regulate the initiation and progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in understanding the function of HSP60 in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively, and discuss the related signaling pathways that have been found in these cells, so as to illustrate the role of HSP60 in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kali Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Jakic B, Buszko M, Cappellano G, Wick G. Elevated sodium leads to the increased expression of HSP60 and induces apoptosis in HUVECs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179383. [PMID: 28604836 PMCID: PMC5467851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the world. We have previously shown that expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on the surface of endothelial cells is the main cause of initiating the disease as it acts as a T cell auto-antigen and can be triggered by classical atherosclerosis risk factors, such as infection (e.g. Chlamydia pneumoniae), chemical stress (smoking, oxygen radicals, drugs), physical insult (heat, shear blood flow) and inflammation (inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, oxidized low density lipoprotein, advanced glycation end products). In the present study, we show that increasing levels of sodium chloride can also induce an increase in intracellular and surface expression of HSP60 protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, we found that elevated sodium induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Jakic
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Maja Buszko
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Wick
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bowman JD, Surani S, Horseman MA. Endotoxin, Toll-like Receptor-4, and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:86-93. [PMID: 27586023 PMCID: PMC5452150 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160901145313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constituent of the outer membrane of most gram negative bacteria. Ubiquitous in the environment, it has been implicated as a cause or con-tributing factor in several disparate disorders from sepsis to heatstroke and Type II diabetes mellitus. Starting at birth, the innate immune system develops cellular defense mechanisms against environmen-tal microbes that are in part modulated through a series of receptors known as toll-like receptors. Endo-toxin, often referred to as LPS, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complexes on various tissues including cells of the innate immune system, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of blood vessels including coronary arteries, and adipose tissue. Entry of LPS into the systemic circulation ultimately leads to intracellular transcription of several inflammatory mediators. The subsequent inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Objective: The potential roles of endotoxin and TLR4 are reviewed regarding their role in the pathogen-esis of atherosclerotic heart disease. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in arterial endothelial and subendothelial cells, and inflammatory processes are implicated in its progression to clinical heart disease. Endotoxin and TLR4 play a central role in the inflammatory process, and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Therapy with HMG-CoA inhibitors may reduce the expression of TLR4 on monocytes. Other therapeutic interventions targeting TLR4 expression or function may prove beneficial in athero-sclerotic disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bowman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Horseman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
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6
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Links between atherosclerotic and periodontal disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:220-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial disease that starts in youth, manifests clinically later in life, and can lead to myocardial infarction, stroke, claudication, and death. Although inflammatory processes have long been known to be involved in atherogenesis, interest in this subject has grown in the past 30-40 years. Animal experiments and human analyses of early atherosclerotic lesions have shown that the first pathogenic event in atherogenesis is the intimal infiltration of T cells at arterial branching points. These T cells recognize heat shock protein (HSP)60, which is expressed together with adhesion molecules by endothelial cells in response to classic risk factors for atherosclerosis. Although these HSP60-reactive T cells initiate atherosclerosis, antibodies to HSP60 accelerate and perpetuate the disease. All healthy humans develop cellular and humoral immunity against microbial HSP60 by infection or vaccination. Given that prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic (for instance, human) HSP60 display substantial sequence homology, atherosclerosis might be the price we pay for this protective immunity, if risk factors stress the vascular endothelial cells beyond physiological conditions.
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Kreutmayer S, Csordas A, Kern J, Maass V, Almanzar G, Offterdinger M, Öllinger R, Maass M, Wick G. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection acts as an endothelial stressor with the potential to initiate the earliest heat shock protein 60-dependent inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:259-68. [PMID: 23192457 PMCID: PMC3631098 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified increased expression and redistribution of the intracellular protein 60-kDa human heat shock protein (hHSP60) (HSPD1) to the cell surface in human endothelial cells subjected to classical atherosclerosis risk factors and subsequent immunologic cross-reactivity against this highly conserved molecule, as key events occurring early in the process of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed at investigating the role of infectious pathogens as stress factors for vascular endothelial cells and, as such, contributors to early atherosclerotic lesion formation. Using primary donor-matched arterial and venous human endothelial cells, we show that infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae leads to marked upregulation and surface expression of hHSP60 and adhesion molecules. Moreover, we provide evidence for an increased susceptibility of arterial endothelial cells for redistribution of hHSP60 to the cellular membrane in response to C. pneumoniae infection as compared to autologous venous endothelial cells. We also show that oxidative stress has a central role to play in endothelial cell activation in response to chlamydial infection. These data provide evidence for a role of C. pneumoniae as a potent primary endothelial stressor for arterial endothelial cells leading to enrichment of hHSP60 on the cellular membrane and, as such, a potential initiator of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kreutmayer
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam Csordas
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- />Division of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Kern
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Viola Maass
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Offterdinger
- />Biooptics Facility, Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Öllinger
- />Division of Visceral, Transplant and Thorax Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Maass
- />Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical Private University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Wick
- />Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr Strasse 4a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Henderson B, Fares MA, Lund PA. Chaperonin 60: a paradoxical, evolutionarily conserved protein family with multiple moonlighting functions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:955-87. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute; University College London; London WC1X 8LD U.K
| | - Mario A. Fares
- Department of Genetics; University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Department of Abiotic Stress; Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC-UPV); Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Peter A. Lund
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT U.K
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Deniset JF, Hedley TE, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection induces alterations in vascular contractile responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1264-1272. [PMID: 22214836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection has been associated in previous studies with coronary artery disease. The live bacterium has been detected within atherosclerotic plaques and can induce the structural remodeling of the vessel wall. However, the direct effects of infection on the contractile characteristics of the arteries remain unknown. Left anterior descending coronary arteries isolated from porcine hearts were dissected and placed in culture medium for 72 hours before infection with C. pneumoniae. Contractile responses to high molar KCl and u46619 levels and relaxation responses to bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside were assessed at days 5 and 10 postinfection. C. pneumoniae induced decreases in both KCl- and u46619-induced contractile responses at both time points. The altered contractile responses coincided with a down-regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels at both time points and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) levels at day 10 postinfection. Infection also induced attenuation of the endothelial-dependent relaxation response to bradykinin at day 10 postinfection. A decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression levels was noted at day 10 postinfection. Furthermore, an increase in superoxide production combined with an increase in p22phox expression levels was also observed at this time point. These findings indicate that C. pneumoniae infection can directly alter the vascular contractile responses in porcine coronary arteries, providing additional evidence for the role of C. pneumoniae infection in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Deniset
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas E Hedley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Grundtman C, Kreutmayer SB, Almanzar G, Wick MC, Wick G. Heat shock protein 60 and immune inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:960-8. [PMID: 21508342 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases, notably atherosclerosis, have been observed for a long time. However, evidence for an (auto)antigen-driven process at these sites of inflammation has come forward only recently. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been identified as playing either immunologically mediated disease promoting or protective roles. HSP60 has been shown to trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that initiate the earliest still reversible inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis. HSP60 is structurally highly conserved and abundantly expressed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells under stressful conditions. Beneficial protective immunity to microbial HSP60 acquired by infection or vaccination and bona fide autoimmunity to biochemically altered autologous HSP60 is present in all humans. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that classical atherosclerosis risk factors can act as endothelial stressors that provoke the simultaneous expression of adhesion molecules and of HSP60 in mitochondria, in cytoplasm, and on the cell surface, where it acts as a "danger signal" for cellular and humoral immune reactions. Hence, protective, preexisting anti-HSP60 immunity may have to be "paid for" by harmful (auto)immune cross-reactive attack on arterial endothelial cells maltreated by atherosclerosis risk factors. These experimentally and clinically proven findings are the basis for the autoimmune concept of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grundtman
- Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Biocenter, Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstraße 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Alard JE, Hillion S, Guillevin L, Saraux A, Pers JO, Youinou P, Jamin C. Autoantibodies to endothelial cell surface ATP synthase, the endogenous receptor for hsp60, might play a pathogenic role in vasculatides. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14654. [PMID: 21326874 PMCID: PMC3034716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein (hsp) 60 that provides "danger signal" binds to the surface of resting endothelial cells (EC) but its receptor has not yet been characterized. In mitochondria, hsp60 specifically associates with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. We therefore examined the possible interaction between hsp60 and ATP synthase on EC surface. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using Far Western blot approach, co-immunoprecipitation studies and surface plasmon resonance analyses, we demonstrated that hsp60 binds to the β-subunit of ATP synthase. As a cell surface-expressed molecule, ATP synthase is potentially targeted by anti-EC-antibodies (AECAs) found in the sera of patients suffering vasculitides. Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting techniques with F1-ATP synthase as substrate, we established the presence of anti-ATP synthase antibodies at higher frequency in patients with primary vasculitides (group I) compared with secondary vasculitides (group II). Anti-ATP synthase reactivity from group I patients was restricted to the β-subunit of ATP synthase, whereas those from group II was directed to the α-, β- and γ-subunits. Cell surface ATP synthase regulates intracellular pH (pHi). In low extracellular pH medium, we detected abnormal decreased of EC pHi in the presence of anti-ATP synthase antibodies, irrespective of their fine reactivities. Interestingly, soluble hsp60 abrogated the anti-ATP synthase-induced pHi down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that ATP synthase is targeted by AECAs on the surface of EC that induce intracellular acidification. Such pathogenic effect in vasculitides can be modulated by hsp60 binding on ATP synthase which preserves ATP synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eric Alard
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Hillion
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
| | - Loïc Guillevin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Alain Saraux
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Youinou
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- EA2216 “Immunology and Pathology” and IFR 148 ScInBioS, Université de Brest and Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) form a heterogenous, evolutionarily conserved group of molecules with high sequence homology. They mainly act as intracellular chaperones, protecting the protein structure and folding under stress conditions. The extracellular HSP, released in the course of damage or necrosis, play a pivotal role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. They also take part in many pathological processes. The aim of this review is to update the recent developments in the field of HSP in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in regard to three different aspects. The first is the assessment of the role of HSP, either positive or deleterious, in the pathogenesis of CKD and the possibilities to influence its progression. The second is the impact of dialysis, being a potentially modifiable stressor, on HSP and the attempt to assess the value of these proteins as the biocompatibility markers. The last area is that of kidney transplantation and the potential role of HSP in the induction of the immune tolerance in kidney recipients.
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Wijesurendra RS, Jefferson A, Choudhury RP. Target: ligand interactions of the vascular endothelium. Implications for molecular imaging in inflammation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:467-82. [PMID: 20830411 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging refers to the non-invasive visualisation of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels within a living organism, and offers a wide range of potential benefits to both clinical medicine and research into novel therapeutic agents. Inflammation plays an important role in a wide variety of pathological processes and imaging the molecular and cellular machinery that underlies chronic inflammation is attractive and feasible. In this review, we present an overview of molecular imaging of inflammation. We start by characterising molecular and cellular events in early inflammation, identifying current and potential future imaging targets. We focus on the imaging of endothelial cells, which mediate the important first steps in inflammation in any tissue, are readily accessible to imaging probes and which present an approach that can be applied across multiple modalities. We then review the generic requirements for imaging contrast agents and focus on the important considerations in respect of ligands, ligand-target interactions and contrast vehicles. We aim to provide an integrated view of current progress with a focus on promising recent developments in experimental and translational molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Wijesurendra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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Machtoub L, Pfeiffer R, Backovic A, Frischauf S, Wick MC. Molecular Imaging Cellular SPIO Uptake with Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2010; 41:159-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pockley AG, Calderwood SK, Multhoff G. The atheroprotective properties of Hsp70: a role for Hsp70-endothelial interactions? Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:545-53. [PMID: 19357992 PMCID: PMC2866956 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heat shock (stress) proteins are typically regarded as being exclusively intracellular molecules, it is now apparent that they can be released from cells in the absence of cellular necrosis. We and others have reported the presence of Hsp60 (HSPD1) and Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in the circulation of normal individuals and our finding that increases in carotid intima-media thicknesses (a measure of atherosclerosis) in subjects with hypertension at a 4-year follow-up are less prevalent in those having high serum Hsp70 (HSPA1A) levels at baseline suggests that circulating Hsp70 (HSPA1A) has atheroprotective effects. Given that circulating Hsp70 (HSPA1A) levels can be in the range which has been shown to elicit a number of biological effects in vitro, and our preliminary findings that Hsp70 (HSPA1A) binds to and is internalised by human endothelial cell populations, we speculate on the mechanisms that might be involved in the apparent atheroprotective properties of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graham Pockley
- Immunobiology Research Unit, K Floor, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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