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Sklifasovskaya AP, Blagonravov M, Ryabinina A, Goryachev V, Syatkin S, Chibisov S, Akhmetova K, Prokofiev D, Agostinelli E. The role of heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of heart failure (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:106. [PMID: 37772383 PMCID: PMC10558216 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of heat shock proteins (HSPs) on protein quality control systems in cardiomyocytes is currently under investigation. The effect of HSPs on the regulated cell death of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) is of great importance, since they play a major role in the implementation of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms in the event of cardiac damage. HSPs mediate a number of mechanisms that activate the apoptotic cascade, playing both pro‑ and anti‑apoptotic roles depending on their location in the cell. Another type of cell death, autophagy, can in some cases lead to cell death, while in other situations it acts as a cell survival mechanism. The present review considered the characteristics of the expression of HSPs of different molecular weights in CMCs in myocardial damage caused by heart failure, as well as their role in the realization of certain types of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Ryabinina
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia, Italy
| | | | - Sergey Syatkin
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia, Italy
| | - Sergey Chibisov
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia, Italy
| | - Karina Akhmetova
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia, Italy
| | - Daniil Prokofiev
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, I-00161 Rome, Italy
- International Polyamines Foundation, ETS-ONLUS, I-00159 Rome, Italy
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2
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Patnaik S, Nathan S, Kar B, Gregoric ID, Li YP. The Role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1557. [PMID: 37371652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1960s, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were first identified as vital intracellular proteinaceous components that help in stress physiology and reprogram the cellular responses to enable the organism's survival. By the early 1990s, HSPs were detected in extracellular spaces and found to activate gamma-delta T-lymphocytes. Subsequent investigations identified their association with varied disease conditions, including autoimmune disorders, diabetes, cancer, hepatic, pancreatic, and renal disorders, and cachexia. In cardiology, extracellular HSPs play a definite, but still unclear, role in atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure. The possibility of HSP-targeted novel molecular therapeutics has generated much interest and hope in recent years. In this review, we discuss the role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins (Ec-HSPs) in various disease states, with a particular focus on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Patnaik
- Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sriram Nathan
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Biswajit Kar
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor D Gregoric
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Hazra J, Vijayakumar A, Mahapatra NR. Emerging role of heat shock proteins in cardiovascular diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:271-306. [PMID: 36858739 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. They are ubiquitous proteins involved in key physiological and cellular pathways (viz. inflammation, immunity and apoptosis). Indeed, the survivability of the cells under various stressful conditions depends on appropriate levels of HSP expression. There is a growing line of evidence for the role of HSPs in regulating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (viz. hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy and heart failure). Furthermore, studies indicate that a higher concentration of circulatory HSP antibodies correlate to CVDs; some are even potential markers for CVDs. The multifaceted roles of HSPs in regulating cellular signaling necessitate unraveling their links to pathophysiology of CVDs. This review aims to consolidate our understanding of transcriptional (via multiple transcription factors including HSF-1, NF-κB, CREB and STAT3) and post-transcriptional (via microRNAs including miR-1, miR-21 and miR-24) regulation of HSPs. The cytoprotective nature of HSPs catapults them to the limelight as modulators of cell survival. Yet another attractive prospect is the development of new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases (from hypertension to heart failure) by targeting the regulation of HSPs. Moreover, this review provides insights into how genetic variation of HSPs can contribute to the manifestation of CVDs. It would also offer a bird's eye view of the evolving role of different HSPs in the modulation and manifestation of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Anupama Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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Analysis of Therapeutic Targets of A Novel Peptide Athycaltide-1 in the Treatment of Isoproterenol-Induced Pathological Myocardial Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:2715084. [PMID: 35599721 PMCID: PMC9085328 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2715084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a pathological feature of many heart diseases. This is a complex process involving all types of cells in the heart and interactions with circulating cells. This study is aimed at identifying the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in myocardial hypertrophy rats induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and treated with novel peptide Athycaltide-1 (ATH-1) and exploring the mechanism of its improvement. ITRAQ was performed to compare the three different heart states in control group, ISO group, and ATH-1 group. Pairwise comparison showed that there were 121 DEPs in ISO/control (96 upregulated and 25 downregulated), 47 DEPs in ATH-1/ISO (27 upregulated and 20 downregulated), and 116 DEPs in ATH-1/control (77 upregulated and 39 downregulated). Protein network analysis was then performed using the STRING software. Functional analysis revealed that Hspa1 protein, oxidative stress, and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly involved in the occurrence and development of myocardial hypertrophy, which was further validated by vivo model. It is proved that ATH-1 can reduce the expression of Hspa1 protein and the level of oxidative stress in hypertrophic myocardium and further inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2.
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5
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Yayla-Tunçer E, Şengelen A, Tan-Recep BZ, Şavluk ÖF, Yilmaz AA, Ceyran H, Önay-Uçar E. Acute Changes in Myocardial Expression of Heat Shock Proteins and Apoptotic Response Following Blood, delNido, or Custodiol Cardioplegia in Infants Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:567-579. [PMID: 34694437 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress caused by cardioplegic ischemic arrest was shown to alter the expression levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp), but little is known about their effects, particularly on pediatric hearts. This study aimed to investigate whether myocardial cellular stress and apoptotic response changes due to different cardioplegia (CP) solutions during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants and to determine their influence on surgical/clinical outcomes. Therefore, twenty-seven infants for surgical closure of ventricular septal defect were randomly assigned to a CP solution: normothermic blood (BCP), delNido (dNCP), and Custodiol (CCP). Hsp levels and apoptosis were determined by immunoblotting in cardiac tissue from the right atrium before and after CP, and their correlations with cardiac parameters were evaluated. No significant change was observed in Hsp27 levels. Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 levels decreased significantly in the BCP-group but increased markedly in the CCP-group. Decreased Hsp60 and increased Hsp70 expression were detected in dNCP-group. Importantly, apoptosis was not observed in dNCP- and CCP-groups, whereas marked increases in cleaved caspase-3 and -8 were determined after BCP. Serum cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), myocardial injury marker, was markedly lower in the BCP- and dNCP-groups than CCP. Additionally, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 levels were positively correlated with aortic cross-clamp time, total perfusion time, and cTn-I release. Our findings show that dNCP provides the most effective myocardial preservation in pediatric open-heart surgery and indicate that an increase in Hsp70 expression may be associated with a cardioprotective effect, while an increase in Hsp60 and Hsp90 levels may be an indicator of myocardial damage during CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Yayla-Tunçer
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Denizer Road No:2, 34846, Cevizli-Kartal/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Şengelen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berra Zümrüt Tan-Recep
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Denizer Road No:2, 34846, Cevizli-Kartal/Istanbul, Turkey.,Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Konya City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Şavluk
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arif Yilmaz
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Denizer Road No:2, 34846, Cevizli-Kartal/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ceyran
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Denizer Road No:2, 34846, Cevizli-Kartal/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Önay-Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Balabanağa, Şehzadebaşı Road, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lovas A, Szilágyi B, Bosnyák E, Ács P, Oláh A, Komka Z, Tóth M, Merkely B, Németh E, Gilányi B, Krepuska M, Sőti C, Sótonyi P. Reaction Kinetics Modeling of eHsp70 Induced by Norepinephrine in Response to Exercise Stress. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:506-512. [PMID: 33291181 DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise elicits a systemic adaptation reaction, involving both neuroendocrine and cellular/paracrine stress responses, exemplified by the sympathoadrenergic activity and the release of cellular Hsp70 into the circulation. Regular sports training is known to result in increased fitness. In this study, we characterized the plasma norepinephrine and Hsp70 levels and modeled their relationship in response to exercise stress by bicycle ergometer in 12 trained judoka athletes and in 10 healthy controls. Resting norepinephrine was similar in both groups, whereas Hsp70 was significantly higher in controls compared to athletes. Intense exercise load induced both norepinephrine and Hsp70 elevation. However, both norepinephrine and Hsp70 were significantly lower in athletes compared to the control group. A reaction kinetic model was developed that provided a quantitative description of norepinephrine-facilitated extracellular Hsp70 release, congruent with the experimental data. Our study indicates that exercise-induced norepinephrine and extracellular Hsp70 may be coordinated responses to physiological stress, which are robustly affected by regular sports activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Lovas
- Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Szilágyi
- Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pongrácz Ács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - András Oláh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Komka
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Németh
- Department of Combat Sports, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Gilányi
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Krepuska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Seclì L, Sorge M, Morotti A, Brancaccio M. Blocking Extracellular Chaperones to Improve Cardiac Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:411. [PMID: 32528937 PMCID: PMC7264090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic or acute insults to the myocardium are responsible for the onset of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Due to the poor regenerative ability of the human adult heart, the survival of cardiomyocytes is a prerequisite to support heart function. Chaperone proteins, by regulating sarcomeric protein folding, function, and turnover in the challenging environment of the beating heart, play a fundamental role in myocardial physiology. Nevertheless, a number of evidences indicate that, under stress conditions or during cell damage, myocardial cells release chaperone proteins that, from the extracellular milieu, play a detrimental function, by perpetuating inflammation and inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Blocking the activity of extracellular chaperones has been proven to have beneficial effects on heart function in preclinical models of myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. The application of this approach in combination with tissue engineering strategies may represent a future innovation in cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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8
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Atorvastatin Improves Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Modulating Hsp70, Akt, and MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 73:223-231. [PMID: 30540688 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a lipid-regulating drug that is commonly used in clinical practice and can stabilize plaques. Increasing evidence shows that statins have anti-heart failure (HF) effects, but their specific mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of atorvastatin on HF in rats and its mechanism. Continuous intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg/w doxorubicin for 6 weeks, with a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg, was used to induce a rat model of HF. Then, the rats were treated with low-dose atorvastatin, high-dose atorvastatin, or saline for 4 weeks. In the DOX-treated groups, echocardiography showed decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening and increases in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness compared with those in the control group, and increased levels of brain natriuretic peptide and Hsp70 were also found in the doxorubicin-treated groups. Compared with saline intervention, atorvastatin ameliorated left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (a significant difference was observed only in the high-dose group) and reduced serum brain natriuretic peptide. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial injury. The improvement in cardiac function induced by atorvastatin was accompanied by increased Hsp70 expression, decreased p-ERK and p-JNK expression, and a reduction in myocardial fibrosis shown by Masson staining. In addition, atorvastatin had a protective effect on the myocardial apoptosis signaling pathway, with increased p-Akt expression and downregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression, and the reduction in myocardial apoptosis was confirmed by a TUNEL assay. Therefore, our experiments demonstrated that atorvastatin may protect cardiac function by modulating Hsp70, p-Akt, p-ERK, and p-JNK signaling to reduce myocardial fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis.
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Kwee LC, Neely ML, Grass E, Gregory SG, Roe MT, Ohman EM, Fox KAA, White HD, Armstrong PW, Bowsman LM, Haas JV, Duffin KL, Chan MY, Shah SH. Associations of osteopontin and NT-proBNP with circulating miRNA levels in acute coronary syndrome. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:506-515. [PMID: 31530226 PMCID: PMC7054637 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00033.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic regulatory networks underlying the pathogenesis of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) are incompletely understood. As intermediate traits, protein biomarkers report on underlying disease severity and prognosis in NSTE-ACS. We hypothesized that integration of dense microRNA (miRNA) profiling with biomarker measurements would highlight potential regulatory pathways that underlie the relationships between prognostic biomarkers, miRNAs, and cardiovascular phenotypes. We performed miRNA sequencing using whole blood from 186 patients from the TRILOGY-ACS trial. Seven circulating prognostic biomarkers were measured: NH2-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, osteopontin (OPN), myeloperoxidase, growth differentiation factor 15, monocyte chemoattractant protein, and neopterin. We tested miRNAs for association with each biomarker with generalized linear models and controlled the false discovery rate at 0.05. Ten miRNAs, including known cardiac-related miRNAs 25-3p and 423-3p, were associated with NT-proBNP levels (min. P = 7.5 × 10−4) and 48 miRNAs, including cardiac-related miRNAs 378a-3p, 20b-5p and 320a, -b, and -d, were associated with OPN levels (min. P = 1.6 × 10−6). NT-proBNP and OPN were also associated with time to cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in the sample. By integrating large-scale miRNA profiling with circulating biomarkers as intermediate traits, we identified associations of known cardiac-related and novel miRNAs with two prognostic biomarkers and identified potential genomic networks regulating these biomarkers. These results, highlighting plausible biological pathways connecting miRNAs with biomarkers and outcomes, may inform future studies seeking to delineate genomic pathways underlying NSTE-ACS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew T Roe
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - E Magnus Ohman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Keith A A Fox
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W Armstrong
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lenden M Bowsman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph V Haas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin L Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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10
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Jang MS, Oh SK, Lee SW, Jeong SH, Kim H. Moderate brain hypothermia started before resuscitation improves survival and neurobehavioral outcomes after CA/CPR in mice. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1942-1948. [PMID: 30679007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY No definitive experimental or clinical evidence exists whether brain hypothermia before, rather than during or after, resuscitation can reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury following cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) and improve outcomes. We examined the effects of moderate brain hypothermia before resuscitation on survival and histopathological and neurobehavioral outcomes in a mouse model. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 male mice (age: 8-12 weeks) were subjected to 8-min CA followed by CPR. The animals were randomly divided into sham, normothermia (NT; brain temperature 37.5 °C), and extracranial hypothermia (HT; brain temperature 28-32 °C) groups. The hippocampal CA1 was assessed 7 day after resuscitation by histochemical staining. Neurobehavioral outcomes were evaluated by the Barnes maze (BMT), openfield (OFT), rotarod, and light/dark (LDT) tests. Cleaved caspase-3 and heat shock protein 60 (HSP70) levels were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS The HT group exhibited higher survival and lower CA1 neuronal injury than did the NT group. HT mice showed improved spatial memory in the BMT compared with NT mice. NT mice travelled a shorter distance in the OFT and tended to spend more time in the light compartment in the LDT than did sham and HT mice. The levels of cleaved caspase-3 and HSP70 were non-significantly higher in the NT than in the sham and HT groups. CONCLUSIONS Moderate brain hypothermia before resuscitation improved survival and reduced histological neuronal injury, spatial memory impairment, and anxiety-like behaviours after CA/CPR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Sun Jang
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Chungbuk Health & Science University, 10, Deogam-gil, Naesu-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kwang Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of emergency medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hae Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Department of emergency medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ten Caten Martins E, Dos Santos RZ, Dos Santos AB, Fiorin PBG, Sandri YP, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Heck TG, Benetti M. Detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1319-1327. [PMID: 30238325 PMCID: PMC6237681 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that extracellular HSP72 (eHSP72) correlates with poor prognosis, markers of vascular dysfunction, and the severity of cardiovascular diseases, associated with a systemic oxidative and inflammatory profile. On the other hand, eHSP72 may represent immune-regulatory signaling that is related to exercise benefits, but the association between physical activity levels and eHSP72 levels is not established. Thus, since regular physical activity may avoid oxidative stress and inflammation, we investigate whether detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects. Physical activity levels of hypertensive subjects (n = 140) were measured by tri-axial movement sensor pedometer for 24 h during 5 consecutive days. One day after, blood was collected into heparinized tubes for oxidative stress analyses (catalase-CAT and superoxide dismutase-SOD activities and malondialdehyde levels) or in disodium EDTA tubes for eHSP72 assays. Thus, hypertensive subjects were classified as physically inactive (< 10,000 footsteps/day) or active (> than 10,000 footsteps/day) and according detectable or not detectable eHSP72 levels in plasma, performing the inactive/eHSP72-, active/eHSP72-, inactive/eHSP72+, and active/eHSP72+ groups. We found that detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma were associated with physical activity levels and low oxidative stress profile (Higher CAT and SOD activities and low malondialdehyde levels). eHSP72 levels can be used as a biomarker of the amount of physical activity necessary to improve antioxidant defense and thus cardiovascular health in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliara Ten Caten Martins
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Zulianello Dos Santos
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Analu Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Yana Picinin Sandri
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Magnus Benetti
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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12
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Ranek MJ, Stachowski MJ, Kirk JA, Willis MS. The role of heat shock proteins and co-chaperones in heart failure. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0530. [PMID: 29203715 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing contractile and metabolic demands of the heart require a tight control over protein quality control, including the maintenance of protein folding, turnover and synthesis. In heart disease, increases in mechanical and oxidative stresses, post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation), for example, decrease protein stability to favour misfolding in myocardial infarction, heart failure or ageing. These misfolded proteins are toxic to cardiomyocytes, directly contributing to the common accumulation found in human heart failure. One of the critical class of proteins involved in protecting the heart against these threats are molecular chaperones, including the heat shock protein70 (HSP70), HSP90 and co-chaperones CHIP (carboxy terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein, encoded by the Stub1 gene) and BAG-3 (BCL2-associated athanogene 3). Here, we review their emerging roles in the maintenance of cardiomyocytes in human and experimental models of heart failure, including their roles in facilitating the removal of misfolded and degraded proteins, inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere and regulation of nuclear receptors. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence of increased expression of extracellular HSP70, HSP90 and BAG-3 in heart failure, with complementary independent roles from intracellular functions with important therapeutic and diagnostic considerations. While our understanding of these major HSPs in heart failure is incomplete, there is a clear potential role for therapeutic modulation of HSPs in heart failure with important contextual considerations to counteract the imbalance of protein damage and endogenous protein quality control systems.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marisa J Stachowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, CB#7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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13
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Jubran R, Kocsis J, Garam N, Maláti É, Gombos T, Barabás L, Gráf L, Prohászka Z, Fishelson Z. Circulating mitochondrial stress 70 protein/mortalin and cytosolic Hsp70 in blood: Risk indicators in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2329-2335. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritta Jubran
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978 Israel
| | - Judit Kocsis
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Nóra Garam
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Éva Maláti
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Tímea Gombos
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Loránd Barabás
- 2nd Department of SurgerySemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - László Gráf
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- 3rd Department of Internal MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest1125 Hungary
| | - Zvi Fishelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978 Israel
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14
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Upadhyaya B, Larsen T, Barwari S, Louwagie EJ, Baack ML, Dey M. Prenatal Exposure to a Maternal High-Fat Diet Affects Histone Modification of Cardiometabolic Genes in Newborn Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:E407. [PMID: 28425976 PMCID: PMC5409746 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born to women with diabetes or obesity are exposed to excess circulating fuels during fetal heart development and are at higher risk of cardiac diseases. We have previously shown that late-gestation diabetes, especially in conjunction with a maternal high-fat (HF) diet, impairs cardiac functions in rat-offspring. This study investigated changes in genome-wide histone modifications in newborn hearts from rat-pups exposed to maternal diabetes and HF-diet. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed a differential peak distribution on gene promoters in exposed pups with respect to acetylation of lysines 9 and 14 and to trimethylation of lysines 4 and 27 in histone H3 (all, false discovery rate, FDR < 0.1). In the HF-diet exposed offspring, 54% of the annotated genes showed the gene-activating mark trimethylated lysine 4. Many of these genes (1) are associated with the "metabolic process" in general and particularly with "positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis" (FDR = 0.03); (2) overlap with 455 quantitative trait loci for blood pressure, body weight, serum cholesterol (all, FDR < 0.1); and (3) are linked to cardiac disease susceptibility/progression, based on disease ontology analyses and scientific literature. These results indicate that maternal HF-diet changes the cardiac histone signature in offspring suggesting a fuel-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of cardiac tissue in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Upadhyaya
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Shivon Barwari
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Eli J Louwagie
- Sanford School of Medicine-University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
| | - Michelle L Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
- Sanford School of Medicine-University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
- Children's Health Specialty Clinic, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57117, USA.
| | - Moul Dey
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Box 2203, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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15
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Heck TG, Scomazzon SP, Nunes PR, Schöler CM, da Silva GS, Bittencourt A, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Krause M, Bazotte RB, Curi R, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Acute exercise boosts cell proliferation and the heat shock response in lymphocytes: correlation with cytokine production and extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:271-291. [PMID: 28251488 PMCID: PMC5352601 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise stimulates immune responses, but the appropriate "doses" for such achievements are unsettled. Conversely, in metabolic tissues, exercise improves the heat shock (HS) response, a universal cytoprotective response to proteostasis challenges that are centred on the expression of the 70-kDa family of intracellular heat shock proteins (iHSP70), which are anti-inflammatory. Concurrently, exercise triggers the export of HSP70 towards the extracellular milieu (eHSP70), where they work as pro-inflammatory cytokines. As the HS response is severely compromised in chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature, we wondered whether acute exercise bouts of different intensities could alter the HS response of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs and whether this would be related to immunoinflammatory responses. Adult male Wistar rats swam for 20 min at low, moderate, high or strenuous intensities as per an overload in tail base. Controls remained at rest under the same conditions. Afterwards, mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were assessed for the potency of the HS response (42 °C for 2 h), NF-κB binding activity, mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production. Exercise stimulated cell proliferation in an "inverted-U" fashion peaking at moderate load, which was paralleled by suppression of NF-κB activation and nuclear location, and followed by enhanced HS response in relation to non-exercised animals. Comparative levels of eHSP70 to iHSP70 (H-index) matched IL-2/IL-10 ratios. We conclude that exercise, in a workload-dependent way, stimulates immunoinflammatory performance of lymphocytes of tissues far from the circulation and this is associated with H-index of stress response, which is useful to assess training status and immunosurveillance balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of the Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Rua do Comércio, 3000, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Pizzato Scomazzon
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrícia Renck Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Maria Schöler
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Stumpf da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Aline Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - 13° Andar, Bloco B, Sala 1302, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 2nd floor, suite 350 lab 02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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16
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Zima E. Sudden Cardiac Death and Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome. An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:167-170. [PMID: 29967826 DOI: 10.1515/jccm-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A satisfactory neurologic outcome is the key factor for survival in patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD), however this is highly dependent on the haemodynamic status. Short term cardiopulmonary resuscitation and regained consciousness on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is indicative of a better prognosis. The evaluation and treatment of SCD triggering factors and of underlying acute and chronic diseases will facilitate prevention and lower the risk of cardiac arrest. Long term CPR and a prolonged unconscious status after ROSC, in the Intensive Care Units or Coronary Care Units, indicates the need for specific treatment and supportive therapy including efforts to prevent hyperthermia. The prognosis of these patients is unpredictable within the first seventy two hours, due to unknown responses to therapeutic management and the lack of specific prognostic factors. Patients in these circumstances require the highest level of intensive care and aetiology driven treatment without any delay, independently of their coma state. Current guidelines sugest the use of multiple procedures in arriving at a diagnosis and prognosis of these critical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Zima
- Semmelweis University, Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Qu B, Jia Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Ren G, Wang H. The detection and role of heat shock protein 70 in various nondisease conditions and disease conditions: a literature review. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:885-92. [PMID: 26139132 PMCID: PMC4595429 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intracellular polypeptide, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation. However, the role of HSP70 in various nondisease and disease conditions remains unknown. Quantitative methods for the detection of HSP70 have been used in clinical studies, revealing that an increase in circulating HSP70 is associated with various types of exercise, elderly patients presenting with inflammation, mobile phones, inflammation, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, carotid intima-media thickness, glutamine-treated ill patients, mortality, diabetes mellitus, active chronic glomerulonephritis, and cancers. Circulating HSP70 decreases with age in humans and in obstructive sleep apnea, arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate-to-severe alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In conclusion, quantitative methods can be used to detect HSP70, particularly in determining circulating HSP70 levels, using more convenient and rapid screening methods. Studies have shown that changes in HSP70 are associated with various nondisease and disease conditions; thus, HSP70 might be a novel potential biomarker reflecting various nondisease conditions and also the severity of disease conditions. However, the reliability and accuracy, as well as the underlying mechanism, of this relationship remain poorly understood, and large-sample clinical research must be performed to verify the role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiguo Jia
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxun Liu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Ren
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
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