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Hu T, Lei Y, Li M, Liu Q, Song L, Zhao D. Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Extract Alleviates the Effect of Cold Stress on Chick Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Immune Ability. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113008. [PMID: 34827741 PMCID: PMC8614489 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cold stress that chicks suffer from has caused huge losses to the chicken industry. It is very important to find an effective way to alleviate cold stress in chicks. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract alleviates the effect of cold stress on chick growth performance, antioxidants, and immune ability. Interestingly, Eucommia ulmoides extract supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response and reduced the organ damage of chicks caused by cold stress, which shows that Eucommia ulmoides extract has potent protective effects against cold stress. These findings will be very beneficial to break down the bottleneck issue of chick production caused by cold stress. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the protective value of Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) on chicks under cold stress. A total of 21 compounds were identified in EUE using mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ninety chicks were divided into a control group (CS) fed a basal diet and an experimental group supplemented with EUE, exposed to 10 ± 1 °C for 8 h per day. Results showed, compared with the CS group, the body weights (BW) (p < 0.01) and average daily gains ADG (p < 0.05) of the EUE group were increased throughout the study period. Chicks fed EUE had higher AFI (0–7 d, p < 0.001) and lower feed-to-gain ratios (F/G) (0–15 d, p < 0.001). EUE increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15 d, p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (7 d, p < 0.05), whereas it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (15 d, p < 0.01). The contents of IgA (7 d, p < 0.05), IgG (7 d; 15 d, p < 0.01), and IgM (15 d, p < 0. 001) were higher in the EUE group. Dietary EUE could also reduce chick organ damage. Overall, EUE as a natural feed additive can improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune level, and reduce the organ damage of cold-stressed chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Minxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (D.Z.)
| | - Degang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (D.Z.)
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Profiles of calreticulin and Ca2+ concentration under low temperature and salinity stress in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220405. [PMID: 31344118 PMCID: PMC6657906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is an important molecular chaperon crucial to survival of organisms under adverse conditions. In this study, the potential roles of CRT in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, were investigated. Firstly, SpCRT gene expression was detected in various tissues of S. paramamosain with the highest expression found in the hepatopancreas. To evaluate potential role of SpCRT in cold adaption, sub-adult crabs were subjected to temperatures of 10, 15, 20 and 25°C and the profiles of SpCRT gene were determined in the hepatopancreas, chela muscle and gills. The results showed that the expressions of SpCRT mRNA in these tissues were significantly higher for those crabs exposed to low temperatures of 10 and 15°C as compared to those exposed to the higher temperatures, indicating SpCRT was involved in cold adaptation-probably through facilitating protein folding. When low temperature 10°C or 15°C was further combined with high and low salinity stress, the expression of SpCRT mRNA at low salinity (10 ppt) was in most cases significantly higher than that at high salinity (35 ppt), suggesting that under low temperatures, low salinity may represents a more stressful condition to the crab than high salinity. It was also shown that when crabs challenged by 10°C, Ca2+ concentration increased rapidly in the hepatopancreas and an in vitro experiment further showed that the expression of SpCRT mRNA increased concurrently with added Ca2+ concentration; these results together imply that Ca2+ probably plays a major role in low temperature signaling, which induces expression of genes related to cold adaption, such as CRT.
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