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Tian Y, Xiao X, Liu W, Cheng S, Qian N, Wang L, Liu Y, Ai R, Zhu X. TREM2 improves microglia function and synaptic development in autism spectrum disorders by regulating P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Brain 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 38409127 PMCID: PMC10898105 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a diverse range of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the precise underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. This study aim to explore the potential mechanism of TREM2 in regulating microglia function in ASD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The offspring rat model of ASD was established through prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), and the behavioral symptoms of the ASD model were observed. On postnatal day (PND) 7 and PND 28, the effects of prenatally exposure to VPA on synaptic development and microglia phenotype of offspring rats were observed. Primary microglia were cultured in vitro. Lentivirus and adenovirus were utilized to interfere with TREM2 and overexpress TREM2. RESULTS Prenatally VPA exposure induced offspring rats to show typical ASD core symptoms, which led to abnormal expression of synapse-related proteins in the prefrontal cortex of offspring rats, changed the phenotype of microglia in offspring rats, promoted the polarization of microglia to pro-inflammatory type, and increased inflammatory response. The experimental results in vitro showed that overexpression of TREM2 could increase the expression of Gephyrin, decrease the content of CD86 protein and increase the content of CD206 protein. In addition, after the expression of TREM2 was interfered, the content of p-P38 MAPK protein increased and the content of p-ELK-1 protein decreased. CONCLUSION The protective influence of TREM2 on the VPA-induced ASD model is attributed to its inhibition of the P38 MAPK pathway, this protective effect may be achieved by promoting the polarization of microglia to anti-inflammatory phenotype and improving the neuronal synaptic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Weiliang Liu
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Shanqing Cheng
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Na Qian
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China
| | - Rong Ai
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- School of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang City, China.
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Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives as RAF-MEK-ERK pathway signaling pathway blockers: Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, mechanistic investigation and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yu F, Ko ML, Ko GYP. MicroRNA-150 and its target ETS-domain transcription factor 1 contribute to inflammation in diabetic photoreceptors. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10724-10735. [PMID: 34704358 PMCID: PMC8581325 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise in the United States due to the obesity epidemic, and 60% of T2D patients develop diabetic retinopathy (DR) in their lifetime. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and T2D and a well‐accepted major contributor to DR, and retinal photoreceptors are a major source of intraocular inflammation and directly contribute to vascular abnormalities in diabetes. However, how diabetic insults cause photoreceptor inflammation is not well known. In this study, we used a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced T2D mouse model and cultured photoreceptors treated with palmitic acid (PA) to decipher major players that mediate high‐fat‐induced photoreceptor inflammation. We found that PA‐elicited microRNA‐150 (miR‐150) decreases with a consistent upregulation of ETS‐domain transcription factor 1 (Elk1), a downstream target of miR‐150, in PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation. We compared wild‐type (WT) and miR‐150 null (miR‐150−/−) mice fed with an HFD and found that deletion of miR‐150 exacerbated HFD‐induced photoreceptor inflammation in conjunction with upregulated ELK1. We further delineated the critical cellular localization of phosphorylated ELK1 at serine 383 (pELK1S383) and found that decreased miR‐150 exacerbated the T2D‐induced inflammation in photoreceptors by upregulating ELK1 and pELK1S383, and knockdown of ELK1 alleviated PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Physical Sciences, Blinn College, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Meng L, Du CP, Lu CY, Zhang K, Li L, Yan JZ, Hou XY. Neuronal activity-induced SUMOylation of Akt1 by PIAS3 is required for long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21769. [PMID: 34288124 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002728r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity regulates spatial distribution of the SUMOylation system in cytosolic and dendritic sites, which has been implicated in learning, memory, and underlying synaptic structural and functional remodeling in the hippocampus. However, the functional target proteins for activated small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) and downstream molecular consequences behind long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic plasticity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neuronal activity induced the covalent modification of cytosolic Akt1 by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) in rat cortical and hippocampal CA1 neurons. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) was involved in the activity-induced Akt1 SUMO1-ylation, and K64 and K276 residues were major SUMOylated sites. Importantly, Akt1 SUMOylation at K64 and K276 enhanced its enzymatic activity and facilitated T308 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the N-terminal SAP domain of PIAS3 bound Akt1 directly. The disruption of Akt1-PIAS3 interaction by Tat-SAP, a synthetic Tat-fused cell-permeable peptide containing PIAS3 SAP domain, inhibited neuronal activity-induced Akt1 SUMOylation and impaired LTP expression and late phase LTP maintenance in the hippocampus. Correlatedly, Tat-SAP not only blocked the LTP-related extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-Elk-1-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/Arc signaling, but also disrupted mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway. These findings reveal an activity-induced Akt1 SUMOylation by PIAS3 that contributes to ERK1/2-BDNF/Arc and mTOR-4E-BP1 cascades, and in turn, long-lasting excitatory synaptic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cai-Ping Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Fukuda K, Miura Y, Maeda T, Hayashi S, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R. Expression profiling of genes in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes regulated by Fas ligand via cDNA microarray analysis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1000. [PMID: 34345282 PMCID: PMC8311246 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in synovial tissues. Hyperplasia of synovial tissues leads to the formation of pannus that invades the joint cartilage and bone, resulting in joint destruction. Fas ligand (FasL), which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including RA. The current study attempted to identify genes whose expressions in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were regulated by FasL, using cDNA microarray. A total of four individual lines of primary cultured RA-FLS were incubated either with recombinant human FasL protein or PBS as an unstimulated control for 12 h. Gene expression was detected using a microarray assay. The results revealed the expression profiles of genes in RA-FLS regulated by Fas and investigated the functions of the genes that were regulated. Among the genes in this profile, the mRNA expression changes of the following genes were indicated to be of note using RT-qPCR: Dual specificity phosphatase 6, epiregulin, interleukin 11, angiopoietin-like 7, protein inhibitor of activated STAT 2 and growth differentiation factor 5. These genes may affect the pathogenesis of RA by affecting apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine production, cytokine-induced inflammation, intracellular signaling, angiogenesis, bone destruction and chondrogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first study to reveal the expression profile of genes in RA-FLS regulated by FasL. The data demonstrated that FasL may regulate the expression of a number of key molecules in RA-FLS, thus affecting RA pathogenesis. Further studies of the genes detected may improve the understanding of RA pathogenesis and provide novel treatment targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Orthopedic Science, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Hernández-Fernández J, Pinzón-Velasco A, López EA, Rodríguez-Becerra P, Mariño-Ramírez L. Transcriptional Analyses of Acute Exposure to Methylmercury on Erythrocytes of Loggerhead Sea Turtle. TOXICS 2021; 9:70. [PMID: 33805397 PMCID: PMC8066450 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand changes in enzyme activity and gene expression as biomarkers of exposure to methylmercury, we exposed loggerhead turtle erythrocytes (RBCs) to concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg L-1 of MeHg and de novo transcriptome were assembled using RNA-seq. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that 79 unique genes were dysregulated (39 upregulated and 44 downregulated genes). The results showed that MeHg altered gene expression patterns as a response to the cellular stress produced, reflected in cell cycle regulation, lysosomal activity, autophagy, calcium regulation, mitochondrial regulation, apoptosis, and regulation of transcription and translation. The analysis of DEGs showed a low response of the antioxidant machinery to MeHg, evidenced by the fact that genes of early response to oxidative stress were not dysregulated. The RBCs maintained a constitutive expression of proteins that represented a good part of the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Calle 45, Cra. 7, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón-Velasco
- Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45, Cra. 30, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Ellie Anne López
- IDEASA Research Group-Environment and Sustainability, Institute of Environmental Studies and Services, Sergio Arboleda University, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Becerra
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- NCBI, NLM, NIH Computational Biology Branch, Building 38A, Room 6S614M 8600 Rockville Pike, MSC 6075, Bethesda, MD 20894-6075, USA;
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Wada H, Suzuki D, Niikura T. Regulation of ALS-Associated SOD1 Mutant SUMOylation and Aggregation by SENP and PIAS Family Proteins. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:2007-2014. [PMID: 32462635 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease specific to motor neurons. Pathogenic mutations in an ALS-associated gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been identified in familial ALS (fALS) cases. SOD1 with fALS-linked mutations is prone to form cytotoxic aggregates that cause cellular dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that the modification of SOD1 by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 3 enhances the aggregation of fALS-linked SOD1 mutants. SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification targeting lysine residues. SUMO conjugation is mediated by the enzymes E1, E2, and E3, and deconjugation is catalyzed by deSUMOylation enzymes. To understand the process of SOD1 aggregation, we examined the involvement of protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family and sentrin-specific protease (SENP) family proteins in the SUMOylation of SOD1 mutants. We found that all four types of PIAS family proteins, E3 ligase of SUMOylation, increased SUMOylation of SOD1 mutants. Among three SENP family proteins tested, deSUMOylation enzymes, SENP1, exhibited the most efficient deconjugation effect. In co-expression experiments, PIASy and SENP1 increased and decreased the number of cells exhibiting SOD1-mutant aggregation, respectively, confirming the effect of these enzymes on SOD1 aggregation. These findings suggest that regulation of SUMOylation affects the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony Wada
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Dan Suzuki
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Takako Niikura
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan.
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