1
|
Mansouri E, Mesbahi A, Malekzadeh R, Mansouri A. Shielding characteristics of nanocomposites for protection against X- and gamma rays in medical applications: effect of particle size, photon energy and nano-particle concentration. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:583-600. [PMID: 32780196 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for many applications. Composites doped with different metal nanoparticles have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based materials. The use of concretes as structural and radiation protective material has been influenced by the addition of nanomaterials. Several elements with high atomic number and density, such as lead, bismuth, and tungsten, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer significant enhancements in the shielding ability of composites. Their performance for a range of particle concentrations, particle sizes, and photon energies have been investigated. This review is an attempt to gather the data published in the literature about the application of nanomaterials in radiation shielding, including the use of polymer composites and concretes for protection against X-rays and gamma radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mansouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan AP, An H, Moradi F, Rosenberg J, Ishii Y, Nariai T, Okazawa H, Zaharchuk G. Quantification of brain oxygen extraction and metabolism with [ 15O]-gas PET: A technical review in the era of PET/MRI. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117136. [PMID: 32634594 PMCID: PMC7592419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) are key cerebral physiological parameters to identify at-risk cerebrovascular patients and understand brain health and function. PET imaging with [15O]-oxygen tracers, either through continuous or bolus inhalation, provides non-invasive assessment of OEF and CMRO2. Numerous tracer delivery, PET acquisition, and kinetic modeling approaches have been adopted to map brain oxygenation. The purpose of this technical review is to critically evaluate different methods for [15O]-gas PET and its impact on the accuracy and reproducibility of OEF and CMRO2 measurements. We perform a meta-analysis of brain oxygenation PET studies in healthy volunteers and compare between continuous and bolus inhalation techniques. We also describe OEF metrics that have been used to detect hemodynamic impairment in cerebrovascular disease. For these patients, advanced techniques to accelerate the PET scans and potential synthesis with MRI to avoid arterial blood sampling would facilitate broader use of [15O]-oxygen PET for brain physiological assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey P Fan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Hongyu An
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshad Moradi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nariai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kijima K, Krisanachinda A, Pasawang P, Hanaoka K, Monzen H, Nishimura Y. Shielding efficiency of novel tungsten rubber against radionuclides of 99mTc, 131I, 18F and 68Ga. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Malekzadeh R, Mehnati P, Sooteh MY, Mesbahi A. Influence of the size of nano- and microparticles and photon energy on mass attenuation coefficients of bismuth-silicon shields in diagnostic radiology. Radiol Phys Technol 2019; 12:325-334. [PMID: 31385155 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-019-00529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the particle size of the shielding material and photon energy has significant effects on the efficiency of radiation-shielding materials. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the shielding properties of the bismuth-silicon (Bi-Si) composite containing varying percentages of micro- and nano-sized Bi particles for low-energy X-rays. Radiation composite shields composed of nano- and micro-sized Bi particles in Si-based matrix were constructed. The mass attenuation coefficients of the designed shields were experimentally assessed for diagnostic radiology energy range. In addition, the mass attenuation coefficients of the composite were comprehensively investigated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo (MC) code and XCOM. The X-ray attenuation for two different micro-sized Bi composites of radii of 50 µm and 0.50 µm showed enhancement in the range of 37-79% and 5-24%, respectively, for mono-energy photons (60-150 keV). Furthermore, the experimental and MC results indicated that nano-structured composites had higher photon attenuation properties (approximately 11-18%) than those of micro-sized samples for poly-energy X-ray photons. The amount of radiation attenuation for lower energies was more than that of higher energies. Thus, it was found that the shielding properties of composites were considerably strengthened by adding Bi nano-particles for lower energy photons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parinaz Mehnati
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Street, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Validation of scatter limitation correction to eliminate scatter correction error in oxygen-15 gas-inhalation positron emission tomography images. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:936-944. [PMID: 29985832 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of radioactivity inside a facemask cause scatter correction (SC) errors that appear as photopenic artifacts on quantitative oxygen-15 (O) gas-inhalation positron emission tomography (PET) images. The present study aimed to validate the ability of scatter limitation correction (SLC) to eliminate SC errors in O gas-inhalation PET images acquired from patients and a phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the SC errors in phantom images and calculated parametric images of the cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). Phantoms comprised a cylinder and paper with radioactivity to simulate a facemask during (O)O2 gas inhalation. Parametric images were calculated from O gas-inhalation PET images of ten participants. All PET data were reconstructed using conventional SC as model-based SC and SLC. Images acquired from the phantoms and parametric images were assessed visually and quantitatively in the presence and absence of SC error. RESULTS SC error was evident in images derived from the paper phantom and at the slice level of the cerebellum in CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 images. The radioactivity concentration in the cylindrical phantom with the paper phantom significantly improved with SLC. The SLC also increased the quantitative indices of CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 by 23.8, 42.2, and 44.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION SLC visually eliminated the SC error and increased the quantitative parameters on O gas-inhalation images derived from a phantom and from patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Karakama J, Nariai T, Hara S, Hayashi S, Sumita K, Inaji M, Tanaka Y, Wagatsuma K, Ishii K, Nemoto S, Maehara T. Unique Angiographic Appearances of Moyamoya Disease Detected with 3-Dimensional Rotational Digital Subtraction Angiography Imaging Showing the Hemodynamic Status. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2147-2157. [PMID: 29653803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the unique morphological arterial features in patients with moyamoya disease on 3-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred seven hemispheres of 58 consecutive patients with moyamoya disease that were analyzed with fused 3-dimensional images of internal carotid angiograms and vertebral angiograms that were marked with different colors were reviewed. Angiographic findings in the posterior watershed area were classified, and the utility of the classification was analyzed by comparing it with clinical presentations and quantitative hemodynamic parameters obtained with positron emission tomography. RESULTS Two unique angiographic appearances were identified. A vacant vessel appearance (no arterial inflow despite absence of cortical infarction) was observed mostly in transient ischemic attack hemispheres. In hemispheres with a vacant vessel appearance, cerebral blood flow was decreased, cerebral blood volume was increased, and mean transit time was prolonged significantly (P = .00017, P = .0061, and P = .00026, respectively). A cocktail vessel appearance (mixture of carotid and vertebral arterial flow) was most commonly observed in asymptomatic cases, as well as in ischemic hemispheres. Cerebral blood volume increased and mean transit time was prolonged significantly (P = .036 and P = .014, respectively) in hemispheres with a cocktail vessel appearance. The trend of progression in hemodynamic severity in the order of normal appearance, cocktail vessel appearance, and vacant vessel appearance in the watershed area was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Fused 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography demonstrated unique angiographic features in the watershed area, and this represented the degree of cerebral hemodynamic impairment in moyamoya disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Karakama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nariai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shoko Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shihori Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Inaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Wagatsuma
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nemoto
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|