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Tezsezen E, Yigci D, Ahmadpour A, Tasoglu S. AI-Based Metamaterial Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29547-29569. [PMID: 38808674 PMCID: PMC11181287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The use of metamaterials in various devices has revolutionized applications in optics, healthcare, acoustics, and power systems. Advancements in these fields demand novel or superior metamaterials that can demonstrate targeted control of electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties of matter. Traditional design systems and methods often require manual manipulations which is time-consuming and resource intensive. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing metamaterial design can be employed to explore variant disciplines and address bottlenecks in design. AI-based metamaterial design can also enable the development of novel metamaterials by optimizing design parameters that cannot be achieved using traditional methods. The application of AI can be leveraged to accelerate the analysis of vast data sets as well as to better utilize limited data sets via generative models. This review covers the transformative impact of AI and AI-based metamaterial design for optics, acoustics, healthcare, and power systems. The current challenges, emerging fields, future directions, and bottlenecks within each domain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tezsezen
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Defne Yigci
- School
of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Abdollah Ahmadpour
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University
Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University
Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Bogaziçi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogaziçi
University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
- Koç
University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries
(KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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Deng M, Cotrufo M, Wang J, Dong J, Ruan Z, Alù A, Chen L. Broadband angular spectrum differentiation using dielectric metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2237. [PMID: 38472224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal processing is of critical importance for various science and technology fields. Analog optical processing can provide an effective solution to perform large-scale and real-time data processing, superior to its digital counterparts, which have the disadvantages of low operation speed and large energy consumption. As an important branch of modern optics, Fourier optics exhibits great potential for analog optical image processing, for instance for edge detection. While these operations have been commonly explored to manipulate the spatial content of an image, mathematical operations that act directly over the angular spectrum of an image have not been pursued. Here, we demonstrate manipulation of the angular spectrum of an image, and in particular its differentiation, using dielectric metasurfaces operating across the whole visible spectrum. We experimentally show that this technique can be used to enhance desired portions of the angular spectrum of an image. Our approach can be extended to develop more general angular spectrum analog meta-processors, and may open opportunities for optical analog data processing and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Michele Cotrufo
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianji Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhichao Ruan
- School of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhao J. Graphene-Enabled Tunable Phase Gradient Metasurface for Broadband Dispersion Manipulation of Terahertz Wave. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2006. [PMID: 38004863 PMCID: PMC10672863 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for the miniaturization and flexibility of optical devices, graphene-based metasurfaces have emerged as a promising ideal design platform for realizing planar and tunable electromagnetic or optical devices. In this paper, we propose a tunable metasurface with low-dispersion phase gradient characteristics that is composed of an array of double-layer graphene ribbons sandwiched with a thin insulating layer and a polymer substrate layer with a gold ground plane. As two typical proof-of-concept examples, metasurfaces act as a planar prism and a planar lens, respectively, and the corresponding performances of tunable broadband dispersion are demonstrated through full-wave simulation experiments. By changing the Fermi level of each graphene ribbon individually to introduce abrupt phase shifts along the metasurface, the broadband continuous dispersion effect of abnormal reflection and beam focusing is achieved within a terahertz (THz) frequency region from 3.0 THz to 4.0 THz, and the dispersion results can be freely regulated by reconfiguring the sequence of Fermi levels via the bias voltage. The presented graphene metasurface provides an avenue for the dispersion manipulation of a broadband terahertz wave and may have great prospects in the fields of optics, imaging, and wireless communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yijun Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Junming Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
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Coello V, Abdulkareem MUA, Garcia-Ortiz CE, Sosa-Sánchez CT, Téllez-Limón R, Peña-Gomar M. Plasmonic Coupled Modes in a Metal-Dielectric Periodic Nanostructure. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1713. [PMID: 37763875 PMCID: PMC10535901 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigate the optical properties of a 2D-gap surface plasmon metasurface composed of gold nanoblocks (nanoantennas) arranged in a metal-dielectric configuration. This novel structure demonstrates the capability of generating simultaneous multi-plasmonic resonances and offers tunability within the near-infrared domain. Through finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we analyze the metasurface's reflectance spectra for various lattice periods and identify two distinct dips with near-zero reflectance, indicative of resonant modes. Notably, the broader dip at 1150 nm exhibits consistent behavior across all lattice periodicities, attributed to a Fano-type hybridization mechanism originating from the overlap between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of metallic nanoblocks and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of the underlying metal layer. Additionally, we investigate the influence of dielectric gap thickness on the gap surface plasmon resonance and observe a blue shift for smaller gaps and a spectral red shift for gaps larger than 100 nm. The dispersion analysis of resonance wavelengths reveals an anticrossing region, indicating the hybridization of localized and propagating modes at wavelengths around 1080 nm with similar periodicities. The simplicity and tunability of our metasurface design hold promise for compact optical platforms based on reflection mode operation. Potential applications include multi-channel biosensors, second-harmonic generation, and multi-wavelength surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Coello
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico; (V.C.); (C.T.S.-S.)
| | - Mas-ud A. Abdulkareem
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.-u.A.A.); (M.P.-G.)
| | - Cesar E. Garcia-Ortiz
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Citlalli T. Sosa-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico; (V.C.); (C.T.S.-S.)
| | - Ricardo Téllez-Limón
- CONACYT—Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico;
| | - Marycarmen Peña-Gomar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.-u.A.A.); (M.P.-G.)
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Santonocito A, Patrizi B, Toci G. Recent Advances in Tunable Metasurfaces and Their Application in Optics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101633. [PMID: 37242049 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces can be opportunely and specifically designed to manipulate electromagnetic wavefronts. In recent years, a large variety of metasurface-based optical devices such as planar lenses, beam deflectors, polarization converters, and so on have been designed and fabricated. Of particular interest are tunable metasurfaces, which allow the modulation of the optical response of a metasurface; for instance, the variation in the focal length of a converging metalens. Response tunability can be achieved through external sources that modify the permittivity of the materials constituting the nanoatoms, the substrate, or both. The modulation sources can be classified into electromagnetic fields, thermal sources, mechanical stressors, and electrical bias. Beside this, we will consider optical modulation and multiple approach tuning strategies. A great variety of tunable materials have been used in metasurface engineering, such as transparent conductive oxides, ferroelectrics, phase change materials, liquid crystals, and semiconductors. The possibility of tuning the optical properties of these metamaterials is very important for several applications spanning from basic optics to applied optics for communications, depth sensing, holographic displays, and biochemical sensors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on electro-optical magnetic, mechanical, and thermal tuning of metasurfaces actually fabricated and experimentally tested in recent years. At the end of the review, a short section on possible future perspectives and applications is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Santonocito
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Patrizi
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Guido Toci
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Zhang Q, Liu D, Zhou S, Chen G, Su J, Sun L, Xiong Y, Li X. Quasi-Freeform Metasurfaces for Wide-Angle Beam Deflecting and Splitting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1156. [PMID: 37049250 PMCID: PMC10097112 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces attracted extensive interests due to their outstanding ability to manipulate the wavefront at a subwavelength scale. In this study, we demonstrated quasi-freeform metasurfaces in which the radius, location, and height of the nanocylinder building blocks were set as optimized structure parameters, providing more degrees of freedom compared with traditional gradient metasurfaces. Given a desired wavefront shaping objective, these structure parameters can be collectively optimized utilizing a hybrid optimized algorithm. To demonstrate the versatility and feasibility of our method, we firstly proposed metasurfaces with deflecting efficiencies ranging from 86.2% to 94.8%, where the deflecting angles can vary in the range of 29°-75.6°. With further study, we applied our concept to realize a variety of high-efficiency, wide-angle, equal-power beam splitters. The total splitting efficiencies of all the proposed beam splitters exceeded 89.4%, where a highest efficiency of 97.6%, a maximum splitting angle of 75.6°, and a splitting uniformity of 0.33% were obtained. Considering that various deflecting angles, and various splitting channels with different splitting angles, can be realized by setting the optical response of metasurfaces as the optimization target, we believe that our method will provide an alternative approach for metasurfaces to realize desired wavefront shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dingquan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Junli Su
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Leihao Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunbo Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Shi R, Hu S, Sun C, Wang B, Cai Q. Broadband Achromatic Metalens in the Visible Light Spectrum Based on Fresnel Zone Spatial Multiplexing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4298. [PMID: 36500921 PMCID: PMC9738994 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses composed of a large number of subwavelength nanostructures provide the possibility for the miniaturization and integration of the optical system. Broadband polarization-insensitive achromatic metalenses in the visible light spectrum have attracted researchers because of their wide applications in optical integrated imaging. This paper proposes a polarization-insensitive achromatic metalens operating over a continuous bandwidth from 470 nm to 700 nm. The silicon nitride nanopillars of 488 nm and 632.8 nm are interleaved by Fresnel zone spatial multiplexing method, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the phase compensation. The maximum time-bandwidth product in the phase library is 17.63. The designed focal length can be maintained in the visible light range from 470 nm to 700 nm. The average focusing efficiency reaches 31.71%. The metalens can achieve broadband achromatization using only one shape of nanopillar, which is simple in design and easy to fabricate. The proposed metalens is expected to play an important role in microscopic imaging, cameras, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Shi
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuling Hu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanqi Sun
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingzhong Cai
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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