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Damiano S, Longobardi C, Ferrara G, Piscopo N, Riccio L, Russo V, Meucci V, De Marchi L, Esposito L, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Oxidative Status and Histological Evaluation of Wild Boars' Tissues Positive for Zearalenone Contamination in the Campania Region, Southern Italy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1748. [PMID: 37760051 PMCID: PMC10525666 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium spp. and commonly found in feed and food. It is frequently related to reproductive disorders in farm animals and, occasionally, to hyperestrogenic syndromes in humans. Nowadays, knowledge about ZEN effects on wild boars (Sus scrofa) is extremely scarce, despite the fact that they represent one of the most hunted game species in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate how ZEN affects the liver, kidney, and muscle oxidative status and morphology of wild boars hunted in various locations throughout the province of Avellino, Campania Region, Southern Italy, during the 2021-2022 hunting season. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were assessed by colorimetric assays; tissue morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's stains. Our data showed that ZEN contamination might result in oxidative stress (OS) and some histopathological alterations in wild boars' livers and kidneys rather than in muscles, emphasizing the importance of developing a wildlife monitoring and management strategy for dealing not only with the problem of ZEN but the surveillance of mycotoxins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Nadia Piscopo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Riccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Valeria Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (C.L.); (G.F.); (L.R.); (V.R.); (L.E.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
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Sampels S, Jonsson M, Sandgren M, Karlsson A, Segerkvist KA. Sustainable Delicacy: Variation in Quality and Sensory Aspects in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) Meat and Comparison to Pork Meat-A Case Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081644. [PMID: 37107439 PMCID: PMC10137630 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate quality and sensory variation in wild boar meat in comparison to pork. Meat quality in wild boar is expected to vary more compared to pork due to different feeding environment, age and gender. In order to be able to promote wild boar meat as a sustainable high-quality product, there is a need to evaluate the variation in meat quality attributes, including technological, compositional and sensory/texture aspects. We evaluated carcass characteristics, pH, colour, lipid profile and sensory aspects of wild boar meat of different age and gender and compared them with pork. Wild boars had lower carcass weight (p = <0.0001) and higher ultimate pH (p = 0.0063) compared to domestic pigs. Intramuscular fat content had a tendency to be higher in wild boar meat (p = 0.1010), as well as the proportion of nutritional valuable n-3 FA (p = 0.0029). The colour of pork was more pink (p = 0.0276) and pale (p = <0.0001) compared to meat from wild boar. Meat from wild boar gilts received the highest sensory scores. Based on these findings, we suggest that meat from younger animals could be sold in different cuts directly while meat from older animals might be more suitable for the production of sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Karlsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden
| | - Katarina Arvidsson Segerkvist
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden
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Ciobanu MM, Manoliu DR, Ciobotaru MC, Anchidin BG, Matei M, Munteanu M, Frunză G, Murariu OC, Flocea EI, Boișteanu PC. The Influence of Sensory Characteristics of Game Meat on Consumer Neuroperception: A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061341. [PMID: 36981266 PMCID: PMC10048761 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Game meat contains bioactive compounds that directly influence the formation of a rich reservoir of flavor precursors that produce specific sensory properties. Quality is considered one of the most influential determinants of consumer behavior, but the interpretation of this concept differs between consumers. Although recognized for its quality, its unique sensory characteristics (smell, taste, aroma) may have a major impact on consumer perception. The aim of this review is to describe the consumer behavior regarding game meat through elements of neuroperception, using methods of analysis, observation, and interpretation of scientific information from the literature. Following the analysis of published papers on this topic, it was shown that external factors influencing the biological basis of behavior could provide explanations for the acceptance or rejection of this type of meat and solutions. Neuroperception can explain the mechanism behind consumer decision-making. The influence of extrinsic factors (environment, mood, emotions, stress) shapes the perception of the quality attributes of game meat, the unique sensory characteristics of game meat passing through a primary filter of sensory receptors (eyes, nose, tongue, etc). Game meat is darker and tougher (compared to meat from domestic animals), and the taste and smell have the power to trigger memories and change the mood, influencing consumer behavior. Understanding consumer attitudes towards game meat in relation to quality attributes and the physiology of sensory perception can provide important insights for food industry professionals, processors, sensory evaluators, and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius-Mihai Ciobanu
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana-Remina Manoliu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai-Cătălin Ciobotaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Georgiana Anchidin
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Matei
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mugurel Munteanu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Frunză
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Otilia Cristina Murariu
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena-Iuliana Flocea
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Corneliu Boișteanu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Bandelj P, Vengušt DŽ, Blagus R, Vergles Rataj A, Krt B. High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slovenian Wild Boars ( Sus scrofa). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113139. [PMID: 34827871 PMCID: PMC8614481 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that can cause serious disease in humans, especially in pregnant women. This parasite is found in many animals and people can be infected by eating raw or undercooked meat. Wild boar are known to harbor this parasite; populations and habitats have increased in the past decade, as it also increased the consumption of venison. The European population of wild boar has a mean prevalence of 26%. In our study, we found that the prevalence in the Slovenian wild boar population is 62%, the highest in the world to date. The prevalence was influenced by age and weight, but not by gender. In conclusion, the hunting community should be made aware of the high risk of parasite exposure when dealing with wild boar meat. Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of great public health concern. Wild boars could be considered an emerging source of toxoplasmosis in humans due to the popularity of venison and their increasing population. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the Slovenian wild boar population and evaluate risk factors for human infection. Of 353 samples, 62% were positive for T. gondii using ELISA tests. This is the highest T. gondii seroprevalence reported to date in wild boar worldwide. The increase in prevalence with increasing age (p = 0.003) and weight (p = 0.002) were statistically significant, whereas gender was not (p = 0.781). Odds for being T. gondii-positive increased with age with the largest difference being between 2–3-year-old and 1–2-year-old animals (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.03–6.85). Animals weighing 20–40 kg had a higher risk than animals weighing 0–20 kg (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.21–6.20), whereas a further increase in the weight was not associated with increasing the odds. Due to the high Toxoplasma prevalence, the study concluded that the risk of exposure to T. gondii from handling raw or undercooked wild boar meat is high. Surveillance protocols should be established at the national level together with increased awareness within the hunting community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bandelj
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Ž.V.); (A.V.R.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Diana Žele Vengušt
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Ž.V.); (A.V.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Rok Blagus
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ulica 22, SI-1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Vergles Rataj
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Ž.V.); (A.V.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Branko Krt
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Ž.V.); (A.V.R.); (B.K.)
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The influence of age and gender on the quality of raw and roasted wild boars (Sus scrofa) meat. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108600. [PMID: 34118570 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age and gender on the chemical composition, colour, texture and sensory attributes of wild boars meat (Sus scrofa, n = 48). The animals were analysed in 6 groups (n = 8), differed in age (piglets below 1 year, yearlings 1-2 years, and adults over 2 years) and gender (male and female). Protein content in raw meat was affected by age, whereas in roasted meat by animals gender. Colour parameters, excluding lightness, were affected by animals age and values of a*, b* and C increased along the animal age. Roasted meat from piglets showed the lowest hardness and chewiness in TPA test, however shear force was similar for piglets and yearling, yet lower than adults. Age affected sensory quality of roasted meat and meat from yearlings was scored higher than from adults. The results of the study clearly indicate the predominant influence of wild boar age over gender on the meat quality.
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Żmijewski T, Modzelewska-Kapituła M. The influence of age and sex on carcass characteristics and chemical composition of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle in wild boars ( Sus scrofa). Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:199-210. [PMID: 34109269 PMCID: PMC8182669 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-199-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of
age and sex on carcass characteristics and the chemical composition of the
longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in wild boars (Sus scrofa). Carcass quality parameters varied
significantly depending on age and sex, whereas the protein and
collagen contents in the muscle were affected by animal age. The carcasses
of male yearlings and adults were characterised by the highest processing
suitability, which can be attributed to the highest percentage of lean meat
in the carcass and a moderate fat and bone content. A higher fat content was found in carcasses of females from all age groups, and a lower
bone content was found in yearlings and adult females. The protein content was the
highest in the LTL muscle of adult boars, and the collagen content was the highest
in piglets; thus, the chemical composition of the muscle was most
desirable in adult wild boars and least desirable in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Żmijewski
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Klupsaite D, Buckiuniene V, Sidlauskiene S, Lele V, Sakiene V, Zavistanaviciute P, Klementaviciute J, Viskontaite E, Bartkiene E. Comparison studies of the chemical, physical, technological, and microbiological characteristics of the European roe deer, boar, red deer, and beaver hunted wild game meat. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13346. [PMID: 32219928 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to perform comparison studies of the chemical, physical, technological, and microbiological characteristics, including biogenic amines (BAs) and volatile compounds (VC), of the European roe deer (RDM), boar (BoM), red deer (ReDM), and beaver (BM) hunted wild game meat (HWGM). The outcome of this study showed a significant effect (p < .05) of animal species on protein content, pH, drip loss, shear force, cooking loss, color coordinates, total count of enterobacteria, and most of the VC. ReDM had the highest protein content (23.15%), cooking loss, L* and b* values. The lowest protein and cholesterol content and L* value and the highest pH, shear force, drip loss, and fat content were established in BM having the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (64.12% from total FA). The total UFA content in ReDM and BM was almost twofold higher, compared with saturated FA. Small amounts of main BAs (<7.8 mg/kg) were found in ReDM and BM, while a higher content of putrescine in RDM and BoM was established. The main VCs in HWGM were acetoin, pelargonic, and acetic acid. These findings provide a valuable data about the HWGM quality characteristics and might aid food manufacturers to improve and enhance the processing of the HWGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilija Buckiuniene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Sidlauskiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Sakiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Klementaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ema Viskontaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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The individual effect of different production systems, age and sex on the chemical composition of wild boar meat. ACTA VET BRNO 2019. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat from wild boar (musculus teres major, n = 160) originating from two localities with different production systems was analysed. The contents of crude protein, pure protein, fat, collagen, dry matter and ash were determined in each sample. The effect of locality, age and sex on the chemical properties of the wild boar meat was studied with the use of statistical analysis. The values obtained for the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of the wild boar from localities A and B corresponded to the results obtained in other countries. The protein content fell within the range of 20.49–21.26% at locality A and 18.77–20.34% at locality B. The fat content fell within the wide range of 0.83–2.38% (0.83–1.67% at locality A and 1.51–2.38% at locality B). It is clear from the statistical evaluation that wild boar hunted in the enclosed locality had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) fat content and a lower content of crude (P < 0.05) and pure (P < 0.05) protein in comparison with wild boar from the unenclosed locality. A significant difference in the fat content was also demonstrated between localities in animals aged 0–12 months (P < 0.05), though only in females (P < 0.05) when younger animals (0–12 months) were divided by sex, and also in females aged 12–24 months (P < 0.05). The results confirm that the composition of wild boar meat in the Czech Republic is very variable and influenced by multiple factors.
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Razmaitė V, Šiukščius A. Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition of wild boar in Lithuania. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1530957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Razmaitė
- Animal Science Institute of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Artūras Šiukščius
- Animal Science Institute of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
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Batorska M, Więcek J, Kunowska-Slósarz M, Puppel K, Slósarz J, Gołębiewski M, Kuczyńska B, Popczyk B, Rekiel A, Balcerak M. The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Batorska
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Więcek
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Puppel
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Slósarz
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kuczyńska
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Popczyk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rekiel
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Balcerak
- Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Rostami A, Riahi SM, Fakhri Y, Saber V, Hanifehpour H, Valizadeh S, Gholizadeh M, Pouya RH, Gamble HR. The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boars: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:12-20. [PMID: 28917302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis study was performed to evaluate the worldwide seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boar. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases for studies reporting T. gondii seroprevalence in wild boars between January 1995 and March 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. We estimated the pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii in wild boars using a random-effects model, and evaluated overall seroprevalence in different geographical areas. A total of 43 articles that included 16788 wild boar from 23 countries fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Of these, 4759 wild boar had been defined T. gondii seropositive and we estimated the pooled worldwide seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild boars to be 23% (95% CI: 19-27%). The pooled seroprevalence in North America (32%, 20-45%; odds ratio [OR] 2.09) and Europe (26%, 21-30%; OR 1.72), was higher than Asia (13%, 5-23%). The lowest seroprevalence was estimated in South America (5%, 3-8%). An increased seropositivity was observed with elevation in geographical latitude. In subgroup analyses, the pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii was higher in wild boar older than 12 months of age (28%, 22-35%; OR 1.57) compared to those up to 12 months of age (20%, 16-25%). Our findings suggest that wild boar have an important role in human infection and the epidemiological cycle of T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Riahi
- Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadollah Fakhri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Saber
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hooman Hanifehpour
- Department of Biological Control and Vaccine, FDA (Food and Drug Administration), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Valizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Majid Gholizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Khazar University, Mahmood Abad, Iran
| | | | - H Ray Gamble
- National Academy of Sciences, 500 5th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001, USA
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