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Suhaidi NA, Halmi MIE, Rashidi AA, Anuar MFM, Mahmud K, Kusnin N, Gani SSA, Shukor MYA. Colorimetric detection of mercury (Hg 2+) using UV-vis spectroscopy and digital image analysis based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with bromelain enzyme. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:121. [PMID: 37033387 PMCID: PMC10073354 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A very sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensor for the measurement of mercury ion (Hg2+) in environmental samples has been developed using functionalized gold nanoparticles with bromelain enzyme (brn-AuNPs). This work has shown that Hg2+ measurement based on spectrophotometer and digital image analysis is a very innovative and successful method for providing an effective preliminary system and has promise for the future of water quality biomonitoring. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a Box-Behnken design-based technique, was used to identify the optimum levels of functionalization of bromelain to AuNPs. The created model's validity was confirmed, and statistical analysis revealed that the ideal functionalize conditions were 1 mM of AuNPs, functionalize with 0.59 mM bromelain concentration on 14 ℃ temperature and 72 h incubation time. The lowest colorimetric detection concentration (LOD) of brn-AuNPs of Hg2+ was 0.0092 ppm and 0.011 ppm for spectrophotometer and digital image analysis. As shown, digital image analysis had advantages based on the LOD result comparable to UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The practical application of the brn-AuNPs sensing was proven with mercury determination in water samples. The present study developed a robust sensor, which successfully implemented in a compact portable sensor kit, turning this sensor into a very potent tool for the development water quality biomonitoring system of Hg2+ application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azreen Suhaidi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Unit of Biodiversity, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Asraf Alif Rashidi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Mohd Anuar
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Khairil Mahmud
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Unit of Biodiversity, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norzila Kusnin
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Salwa Abd Gani
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Isolation and identification of the molybdenum-resistant strain Raoultella ornithinolytica A1 and its effect on MoO 42- in the environment. Biodegradation 2023; 34:169-180. [PMID: 36596915 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-10011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mining and leakage of molybdenum (Mo) can cause environmental contamination which has not been realized until recently. Bacteria that can mitigate Mo-contamination was enriched and isolated. The low temperature and different pH conditions were considered to analysis its feasibility in Northern China which suffers from a long time of low temperatures every year. The result showed that the removal rate of MoO42- by Raoultella ornithinolytica A1 reached 30.46% at 25 °C and pH 7.0 in Luria-Bertani medium (LB). Meanwhile, A1 also showed some efficiency in the reduction of MoO42- in low phosphate molybdate medium (LPM), which reached optimum at the MoO42- concentration of 10 mM. The results of FTIR indicated that the cell wall performed an essential role in the MoO42- removal process, which was illustrated by the distribution of Mo in A1 (Mo bound to cell wall accounted for 92.29% of the total MoO42- removed). In addition, low temperature (10 °C) effect the removal rate of MoO42- by - 8.38 to 11.66%, indicating the potential for the in-situ microbial remediation of Mo-contaminated environments in low temperature areas.
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Chopra S, Kumar D. Characterization and biodegradation of paracetamol by biomass of Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2 isolated from wastewater. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2023; 34:491-501. [PMID: 36852133 PMCID: PMC9947448 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization leads to the entry of diverse xenobiotic compounds into the environment. One such compound is paracetamol (APAP), which is emerging as a pharmaceutical and personal care pollutant (PPCP). In this study, the APAP degrading bacterium was isolated by enrichment culture method from the sewage sample. The microscopy, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyzed the isolate PPY-2, which belongs to Bacillus licheniformis, and GenBank assigned accession number MN744328. Physiological and batch culture degradation studies have indicated that the strain involved in the degradation of APAP. The optimum pH for degradation of the PPY-2 was 7.7, whereas the temperature was 25 °C, agitation speed was 142 rpm, and concentration of APAP was 621 mg/L reported, and the optimum temperatures were 42 °C and 32 °C, respectively. Biomass kinetic was studied at optimal physical conditions, which suggested that the specific growth rate (μ) was 721 mg/L. The GC-MS chromatogram peaks have detected metabolites, viz., oxalic acid, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl cyclohexanone, and phenothiazine. The study confirmed that Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2 exhibits metabolic potential to biodegradation APAP and can be further deployed in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Chopra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039 India
| | - Dharmender Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039 India
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Muliadi FNA, Halmi MIE, Wahid SBA, Gani SSA, Zaidan UH, Mahmud K, Abd Shukor MY. Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 13:138. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a mixed culture from a local agricultural soil sample was isolated for Metanil Yellow (MY) dye decolorization. The metagenomic analysis confirmed that 42.6% has been dominated by genus Bacillus, while Acinetobacter (14.0%) is present in the microbial communities of the mixed culture. For fungi diversity analysis, around 97.0% was “unclassified” fungi and 3% was Candida. The preliminary investigation in minimal salt media (MSM) showed that 100% decolorization was achieved after 24 h of incubation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to study the effect of four independent parameters—MY dye concentration, glucose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH—on MY dye decolorization by the mixed bacterial culture. The optimal conditions predicted by the desirability function were 73 mg/L of MY, 1.934% glucose, 0.433 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and a pH of 7.097, with 97.551% decolorization The correlation coefficients (R2 and R2 adj) of 0.913 and 0.825 indicate that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The MY decolorization of the mixed bacterial culture was not affected by the addition of heavy metals in the growth media. Among the 10 heavy metals tested, only copper gave 56.19% MY decolorization, whereas the others gave almost 100% decolorization. The decolorization potential of the mixed bacterial culture indicates that it could be effective for future bioremediation of soil-contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with the MY dye.
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Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Metanil Yellow (MY) decolorizing mixed culture, namely FN3, has been isolated from agriculture soil. The mixed culture was immobilized using gellan gum. In order to optimize the immobilization process for maximal dye decolorization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed. The optimal conditions for immobilization predicted by desirability function are 130 mg/L of MY dye concentration, 1.478% of gellan gum concentration, 50 beads and 0.6 cm of beads size with the percentage of decolorization of 90.378%. The correlation coefficients of the model (R2 and R2 adj) are 0.9767 and 0.9533, respectively. This indicates that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The immobilized beads of mixed culture FN3 were able to be reused up to 15 batches of decolorization. The immobilized cells also have high tolerance towards heavy metals. This was proven by higher dye decolorization rate by the immobilized cells even with the addition of heavy metals in the media. The decolorization potential of the mixed culture indicates that it could be useful for future bioremediation of soil contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with MY dye.
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Chin ZW, Arumugam K, Ashari SE, Faizal Wong FW, Tan JS, Ariff AB, Mohamed MS. Enhancement of Biomass and Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization of Chlorella vulgaris through Plackett-Burman Screening and Box-Behnken Optimization Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153416. [PMID: 32731437 PMCID: PMC7435838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals through a metabolic process known as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) between diverse microorganisms, and organic/inorganic compounds within their immediate microenvironment, gives rise to a cementitious biomaterial that may emerge as a promissory alternative to conventional cement. Among photosynthetic microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris has been identified as one of the species capable of undergoing such activity in nature. In this study, response surface technique was employed to ascertain the optimum condition for the enhancement of biomass and CaCO3 precipitation of C. vulgaris when cultured in Blue-Green (BG)-11 aquaculture medium. Preliminary screening via Plackett–Burman Design showed that sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium acetate, and urea have a significant effect on both target responses (p < 0.05). Further refinement was conducted using Box–Behnken Design based on these three factors. The highest production of 1.517 g/L C. vulgaris biomass and 1.143 g/L of CaCO3 precipitates was achieved with a final recipe comprising of 8.74 mM of NaNO3, 61.40 mM of sodium acetate and 0.143 g/L of urea, respectively. Moreover, polymorphism analyses on the collected minerals through morphological examination via scanning electron microscopy and crystallographic elucidation by X-ray diffraction indicated to predominantly calcite crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei Chin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.W.C.); (K.A.); (F.W.F.W.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Kavithraashree Arumugam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.W.C.); (K.A.); (F.W.F.W.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.W.C.); (K.A.); (F.W.F.W.); (A.B.A.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.W.C.); (K.A.); (F.W.F.W.); (A.B.A.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.W.C.); (K.A.); (F.W.F.W.); (A.B.A.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Uhoraningoga A, Kinsella GK, Frias JM, Henehan GT, Ryan BJ. The Statistical Optimisation of Recombinant β-glucosidase Production through a Two-Stage, Multi-Model, Design of Experiments Approach. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6030061. [PMID: 31323833 PMCID: PMC6784099 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases are a class of enzyme that are widely distributed in the living world, with examples noted in plants, fungi, animals and bacteria. They offer both hydrolysis and synthesis capacity for a wide range of biotechnological processes. However, the availability of native, or the production of recombinant β-glucosidases, is currently a bottleneck in the widespread industrial application of this enzyme. In this present work, the production of recombinant β-glucosidase from Streptomyces griseus was optimised using a Design of Experiments strategy, comprising a two-stage, multi-model design. Three screening models were comparatively employed: Fractional Factorial, Plackett-Burman and Definitive Screening Design. Four variables (temperature, incubation time, tryptone, and OD600 nm) were experimentally identified as having statistically significant effects on the production of S.griseus recombinant β-glucosidase in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The four most influential variables were subsequently used to optimise recombinant β-glucosidase production, employing Central Composite Design under Response Surface Methodology. Optimal levels were identified as: OD600 nm, 0.55; temperature, 26 °C; incubation time, 12 h; and tryptone, 15 g/L. This yielded a 2.62-fold increase in recombinant β-glucosidase production, in comparison to the pre-optimised process. Affinity chromatography resulted in homogeneous, purified β-glucosidase that was characterised in terms of pH stability, metal ion compatibility and kinetic rates for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and cellobiose catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Uhoraningoga
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Jesus M Frias
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Gary T Henehan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland.
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Uhoraningoga A, Kinsella GK, Henehan GT, Ryan BJ. The Goldilocks Approach: A Review of Employing Design of Experiments in Prokaryotic Recombinant Protein Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E89. [PMID: 30347746 PMCID: PMC6316313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of high yields of soluble recombinant protein is one of the main objectives of protein biotechnology. Several factors, such as expression system, vector, host, media composition and induction conditions can influence recombinant protein yield. Identifying the most important factors for optimum protein expression may involve significant investment of time and considerable cost. To address this problem, statistical models such as Design of Experiments (DoE) have been used to optimise recombinant protein production. This review examines the application of DoE in the production of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems with specific emphasis on media composition and culture conditions. The review examines the most commonly used DoE screening and optimisation designs. It provides examples of DoE applied to optimisation of media and culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary T Henehan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
| | - Barry J Ryan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
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Optimization of lead (Pb) bioaccumulation in Melastoma malabathricum L. by response surface methodology (RSM). RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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